Chanticlare (often spelled Chanteclair and also known as the Ricks Estate ) was a large, Gold Coast -era estate located in the Village of Flower Hill , on the North Shore of Long Island , in New York , United States.
52-569: Chanticlare was constructed in the 1920s for attorney and Union Carbide executive Jesse J. Ricks . The mansion, designed in the English Tudor -style by Frederick A. Godley , featured 42 rooms – including a music room/ballroom. In the 1960s, following the deaths of Jesse Ricks and his wife, their children would sell off the remaining land. Originally, the developers of the Chanticlare at Flower Hill subdivision, Edwin and Walter Ketay, wanted to save
104-550: A newly-built complex known as the Union Carbide Corporate Center . 270 Park Avenue later became the headquarters of JPMorgan Chase . The building was demolished and replaced with a new 1,200-foot-tall (370 m) tower serving as the consolidated headquarters for JPMorgan Chase. At 700 feet (210 m) tall, the Union Carbide Building was the tallest building in the world ever voluntarily demolished at
156-442: A possible 'runaway reaction'. Around midnight on 3 December 1984, gas was accidentally released from the plant, exposing more than 500,000 people to MIC and other chemicals. The Government of Madhya Pradesh confirmed a total of 16,000 deaths related to the gas release. It left an estimated 40,000 individuals permanently disabled, maimed, or suffering from serious illness, making it the world's worst industrial disaster . Following
208-595: A valve failure after a buildup of pressure in a storage tank containing 500 pounds of the chemical. A company spokesman insisted that the aldicarb oxime leak "never was a threat to the community." Union Carbide's operations in Australia commenced in 1957, when it purchased the plant of the Australian-owned company Timbrol Ltd. The Timbrol factory was on the shore of Homebush Bay in the Sydney suburb of Rhodes . Homebush Bay
260-462: Is normally produced using a base chemical, methyl isocyanate (MIC). Initially this plant imported MIC, but in 1979 the company decided to manufacture the ingredients on their own. They built a MIC unit within the Bhopal plant. This plant was located next to a very densely populated neighbourhood, and heavily trafficked railway station. Locating it near this densely populated area was a direct violation of
312-575: Is on the Parramatta River which flows into Sydney Harbour . Tibrol produced phenol , the insecticides chlorobenzene / chlorophenol / DDT , and the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T . Union Carbide continued the production of the 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T until 1976 and chlorobenzene/chlorophenol/DDT until 1983. Union Carbide also commenced the production of bisphenol A in 1960 and phenol formaldehyde resins in 1964. Union Carbide reclaimed land on neighboring properties by depositing spent lime and ash into
364-500: Is the manufacturing and distribution of atmospheric gases, including oxygen , nitrogen , argon , rare gases , and process gases, including carbon dioxide , helium , hydrogen , ammonia, electronic gases, specialty gases, and acetylene . The company was formed by the 2018 merger of Linde AG of Germany (founded in 1879) and Praxair (founded in 1907 as Linde Air Products Company) of the United States. The resulting holding company
416-573: The Cold War , the company was active in the field of rocket propulsion research and development for aerospace and guided missile applications, particularly in the field of chemicals and plastics, solid rocket motors , and storable liquid fuels . R&D and engineering were conducted at the Technical Center in South Charleston, West Virginia . The Aerospace Materials Department was part of
468-474: The Forbes Global 2000 . The company has two principal business areas: gas ( industrial gases and medical gases), and engineering, procurement, and construction . In the industrial gas area, the company uses the brand names Linde, AGA, BOC , TIG, Mox-Linde Gases , Afrox, Sigas and PanGas. HiQ is used as an identifier for high purity and premium specialty gases across all of these business brand names. In
520-628: The Heylandt Works . Following World War I , Linde's U.S. assets were confiscated. They were incorporated into the Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) as the Linde Air Products division in 1917. Eventually, in 1992, this part of Union Carbide was spun off as Union Carbide Industrial Gases Inc., and renamed Praxair. In 2018 this became part of Linde when Linde merged with Praxair. In the years of Nazi Germany , Linde AG benefited from
572-753: The Linde Air Products Factory , his first plant in America at Buffalo, New York . In addition to plants for air separation , in 1906, Linde engineers started working with others on processes to separate the constituents of water gas . This work lead to the 1909 invention of the Linde–Frank–Caro process to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide , which were further key feedstocks for the emerging chemicals industry. In addition to his interests in refrigeration, Carl von Linde had also partnered with Hugo Güldner and Georg Krauß and others in 1904 to form
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#1733085693124624-465: The pipe organ formerly located in Chanticlare's music room was donated by John Ricks and Jane Ricks-King, the children of Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Ricks, to Hofstra University in honor of their late parents. The three-bank Aeolian electro-pneumatic pipe organ, valued at $ 115,000 in 1968, was installed in the Adams Playhouse at Hofstra, along with a memorial plaque. In order to house the components of
676-604: The 1975 Bhopal Development Plan. This development plan posed that hazardous industries such as the MIC plant be located in a different part of the city that was further away, and downwind, from more densely populated areas. According to one of the authors of the Bhopal Development Plan, "Union Carbide India Limited's" initial application for a permit was rejected, yet the company was able to gain approval from centralized governing authorities. In 1982, Carbide's auditors had warned of
728-845: The Americas, Asia & Eastern Europe, and South Pacific & Africa. These segments are subdivided into eight Regional Business Units (RBUs). The Gases Division also includes the two Global Business Units (GBUs) – Healthcare (medical gases) and Tonnage (on-site) – and the two Business Areas (BAs) – Merchant & Packaged Gases (liquefied and cylinder gases) and Electronics (electronic gases). The product range includes hydrogen, acetylene, carbon monoxide , carbon dioxide , shielding gases for welding applications, noble gases and specialty gases, oxygen, nitrogen, and argon, all of which are manufactured in Linde's air separation plants. Linde Healthcare provides pharmaceutical and medical gas products and services for
780-497: The Bhopal disaster, a faulty valve at the UC plant in Institute, West Virginia caused a large cloud of gas that injured six employees and caused almost 200 nearby residents to seek medical treatment for respiratory and skin irritation. Union Carbide blamed the leak of aldicarb oxime (made from MIC but does not contain any MIC itself), the main ingredient in the popular farm pesticide Temik , on
832-657: The Güldner Motoren-Gesellschaft mbH in Munich, which was moved to Aschaffenburg in 1906. Linde took full ownership of the company in 1929, and from this origin developed a business manufacturing first engines and tractors, and then from the 1950s onwards, a range of mechanical handling equipment such as fork lift trucks. Linde also acquired the Aktiengesellschaft für Industriegasverwertung ( English : Corporation for Industry Gas Utilization), commonly referred to as
884-520: The Linde name from Praxair . In 2000, the company completed the acquisition of AGA AB of Sweden for $ 3.71 billion. In the early 2000, Brazilian auction was invented as a new type of auctions to trade gas by electronic auctions for Linde plc in Brazil . In 2004, the company sold its refrigeration division to Carrier Corporation for €325 million. In September 2006, Linde acquired BOC for €11.7 billion in cash. Linde's forklift business
936-502: The Praxair merger. On 31 October 2018, the merger was completed except finalising divestitures required by the respective antitrust authorities. On 1 March 2019 the company completed divestitures required by US antitrust authorities. On 28 February 2019, Matheson acquired Linde HyCO, divested to comply with the regulatory terms of the Praxair merger. On 9 August 2019 Linde partnered with CarbonCure Technologies. On 29 August 2019,
988-550: The accident was an act of sabotage by a plant worker. The plant site has not yet been cleaned up. Hazardous chemicals can still be found in the now abandoned site. Warren Anderson , CEO at the time of the disaster, refused to answer to homicide charges and remained a fugitive from India's courts. The U.S. denied several extradition requests. Anderson died on 29 September 2014 in Florida. Seven UCC employees were convicted of criminal negligence in 2010 and fined $ 2,000 each. The year after
1040-587: The acquisition of Air Liquide Korea's industrial merchant & electronics and liquid bulk air gases divisions, based in South Korea. In early June 2017, after almost a year of on-and-off negotiations, Linde and Praxair , the successor to UCC's Linde Air Products division, agreed to merge. In July 2018, the company agreed to sell certain business in North and South American assets to Messer Group and CVC Capital Partners for $ 3.3 billion to gain regulator approval for
1092-630: The adjacent marshes in Homebush Bay . This practice, which had been approved by the Maritime Services Board, ceased in 1970. Union Carbide ceased operations in Australia in 1985. In 1987, the New South Wales Pollution Control Commission ordered Union Carbide to remediate the site. This work, which cost Union Carbide $ 30 million, was conducted between 1988 and 1993. The work involved excavation and encapsulation of
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#17330856931241144-512: The armaments production: The Heylandt-Gesellschaft für Apparatebau supplied the German rocket program , other branches produced welding equipment and engines for the armaments industry. In 1941, Linde manufactured oxygen and helium installations for IG Farben at the Auschwitz concentration camp . Three further planned installations were not installed due to the course of war. According to estimates of
1196-741: The brewing and food industries. Following success in this market, he moved on to developing lower temperature systems resulting in 1895 in a patent covering the liquefaction of air. Out of this work his company developed equipment for the separation of air and other gases. Linde's process was patented in 1902 and immediately exploited by the first large-scale air separation plant installed in Linde's works in Höllriegelskreuth , near Munich in 1903. In 1906, Carl Von Linde decided to expand his oxygen extraction company overseas, targeting America, where no other companies had attempted industrial scale oxygen extraction. Along with Cecil Lightfoot, in 1907, he opened
1248-562: The company acquired a 10% stake in Hydrospider, a Swiss producer and supplier of hydrogen derived from renewable energy sources. In October 2019, the company invested £28 million in ITM Power , a British manufacturer of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers for hydrogen production via electro-chemical splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen. In January 2020, the company sold its LifeGas division. In April 2020, Gasum acquired
1300-668: The company acquired the Belgium, France, Germany, Portugal and Spain homecare business of Air Products & Chemicals for €590 million. In August 2012, the company acquired Lincare Holdings , a healthcare gas provider in the US for US$ 4.6 billion to become the largest home care gas supplier in North America. In December 2012, the company acquired homecare company Calea France SAS. In February 2016, Lincare Holdings acquired American HomePatient, Inc. In December 2016, Linde Korea completed
1352-406: The company for mid-1944, between 400 and 500 people were used as forced labourers in production plants. The company claimed that 75% of its production facilities were destroyed during the war. In 1958, the company tested a hydraulic drive system in the "Hydrocar". In 1989, the company acquired Lansing Bagnall , a British forklift manufacturer. In 1996, the company acquired the rights to
1404-461: The company set up a chemicals division which manufactured ethylene glycol for use as automotive antifreeze . The company continued to acquire related chemical producers, including the Bakelite Corporation in 1939. The company changed its name to "Union Carbide Corporation" in 1957 and was often referred to as Carbide. It operated Oak Ridge National Laboratory from 1947 to 1984. During
1456-566: The company's Carbon Products Division. Ucar batteries was Carbide's industrial and consumer zinc chloride battery business. The business, including Eveready and Energizer alkaline batteries , was sold to Ralston Purina in 1986, following a hostile takeover attempt. After the Bhopal disaster , Union Carbide was the subject of repeated takeover attempts. In order to pay off its debt, Carbide sold many of its most familiar brands such as Glad Trashbags and Eveready Batteries. Dow Chemical announced
1508-596: The company's LNG and Biogas business in Sweden and Norway. In 2021 Linde and the Turkish construction company Renaissance Heavy Industries were awarded a contract to build a Liquified Natural Gas terminal at Ust-Luga in Russia. Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , sanctions were introduced which restricted Linde completing the contract. Russia accordingly froze assets of Linde in Russia, who has an exposure of €1 billion in
1560-543: The contaminated soil. In 2004, the New South Wales Minister for Planning granted consent for additional remediation of the former Union Carbide site to proceed, including parts of Homebush Bay. Approximately 900,000 tons of soil were excavated from the site, 190,000 tons of soil from the adjacent Allied Feeds site, and approximately 50,000 tons of sediment from the bay. Remediation of the Allied Feeds Site
1612-421: The country's attempt to become self-sufficient by refraining from imports of synthetic fuel and rubber . In 1935, general manager Friedrich Linde received the title of Wehrwirtschaftsführer , which underlined the national importance of Linde AG and allowed the company to further benefit from the German rearmament . Before and during World War II , all departments of Linde AG were in some way involved in
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1664-402: The early 1960s, Union Carbide Corporation began mining a newly identified outcrop of chrysotile asbestos fibers near King City and New Idria, California . These fibers were sold under the brand name "Calidria", a combination of "Cal" and "Idria", and sold in large quantities for a wide variety of purposes, including additives for joint compound or drywall accessory products. Union Carbide sold
1716-460: The healthcare industry such as oxygen therapy , aerosol therapy, anaesthesia , and gas for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , asthma , sleep apnoea and pain. Linde Engineering designs and builds large-scale chemical plants for the production of industrial gases including oxygen , nitrogen , argon , hydrogen and carbon monoxide , as well as large plants associated with the processing of natural gas, LNG , Liquefied petroleum gas and
1768-512: The incident, organizations representing the victims in Bhopal filed a U.S. $ 10 billion injury claim against Union Carbide. Additionally, the Government of India filed its own $ 3.3 billion claim against the company. Union Carbide's response was an offer in the range of $ 300-$ 350 million. In 1989 the company paid $ 470 million to the Indian government as a final settlement. Broken down, the total cost of
1820-760: The industrial gas business of BOC Gazy to Air Products & Chemicals for €370 million or about $ 503 million. In 2008, the head office of Linde AG was relocated from its historic headquarters in Wiesbaden to the Angerhof building in downtown Munich. In 2010, the company acquired over 95% of the shares of Sri Lanka –based Ceylon Oxygen Ltd. In June 2011, PT Linde Indonesia , a subsidiary of Linde, announced its plan to build an air separation plant worth Rp.1 trillion ($ 117.33 million) in Cilegon , Banten to supply industrial gas to PT Krakatau Steel 's steel plant. In May 2012,
1872-462: The instrument, Hofstra had to add two chambers onto the Adams Playhouse, totaling 430 square feet (40 m). The donation of the organ meant that students at Hofstra studying the organ could practice on-campus as opposed to having to travel off-campus to the nearby Episcopal Cathedral of the Incarnation. The estate's guest house, located off Stonytown Road , still stands. Like the main mansion, it
1924-436: The mansion, and made attempts to do so. A number of the homes built on as part of the development were designed by architect Stanley H. Klein . One of the plans for its preservation was for C.W. Post University (now LIU Post) to purchase it and use the space as a music school, an accounting school, and/or administrative offices, amongst other proposed uses by the school. However, in 1967, C.W. Post ultimately chose not to buy
1976-521: The manufacture of olefins . The Engineering Division develops process plants in the engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) business worldwide. The group has more than 1,000 process engineering patents and 4,000 completed plant projects. The product range includes: On 21 June 1879, Carl von Linde founded the Gesellschaft für Linde's Eismaschinen Aktiengesellschaft to develop further his work in developing mechanical refrigeration systems for
2028-529: The medical gas area, the company uses the brand names Linde Gas Therapeutics, AGA Medical, INO Therapeutics, Linde Homecare, and Farmadomo. Linde Gas supplies industrial gases, medical gases, specialty gases, refrigerants and other chemicals. Depending on the gas and the quantity required, these may be supplied in portable high-pressure gas cylinders, in liquefied form by road tanker, from on-site gas generators or in gaseous form via pipeline to large customers. This division has four operating segments, Western Europe,
2080-425: The mine to its employees under the name KCAC ("King City Asbestos Mine") in the 1980s, but it only operated for a few more years. Union Carbide India Limited , owned by Union Carbide (50.9%) and Indian investors (49.1%), operated a pesticide plant in Bhopal , the capital of Madhya Pradesh . This plant was opened in 1969. The pesticides and herbicides they produced were created from a insecticide carbaryl , which
2132-412: The modern petrochemical industry . The company divested consumer products businesses Eveready and Energizer batteries, Glad bags and wraps, Simoniz car wax and Prestone antifreeze . The company divested other businesses before being acquired by Dow including electronic chemicals, polyurethane intermediates, industrial gases (Linde) and carbon products. The Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation
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2184-665: The needs of smaller markets. Markets served include paints and coatings, packaging, wire and cable, household products, personal care, pharmaceuticals, automotive, textiles, agriculture, and oil and gas. The company is a former component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average . Founded in 1917 as the Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation , from a merger with National Carbon Company , the company's researchers developed an economical way to make ethylene from natural gas liquids, such as ethane and propane , giving birth to
2236-555: The property. The Ketays soon after tried getting the Nassau County Cultural Society to occupy the home – although the plan was largely opposed by residents. With all preservation efforts failing, preserving the building proved to be too costly, and the estate was ultimately demolished in the late 1960s and replaced with an additional 4 homes as part of an amended plat map and plan for the Chanticlare at Flower Hill subdivision made by Edwin and Walter Ketay. In 1968,
2288-483: The purchase of Carbide in 1999 for $ 8.89 billion in stock. The deal was consummated in 2001 and valued at $ 11.6 billion. The Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster took place between 1927 and 1932 in a West Virginia tunnel project led by Union Carbide. During the construction of the tunnel, workers found the mineral silica and were asked to mine it for use in electroprocessing steel. The workers were not given masks or breathing equipment to use while mining, despite best practices at
2340-533: The settlement to Union Carbide's expenses was 43 cents per share, an amount criticized by some for its comparison to the annual report post-settlement declaring earnings per share. In that 1988 report, Union Carbide claimed to have had its best year yet, citing a record $ 4.88 earnings per share (this figure included the 43 cents per share charge from the Bhopal settlement). After the settlement, Union Carbide’s parent company divested its entire stake in UCIL. Carbide insists
2392-694: The time. Linde plc Linde plc is a global multinational chemical company founded in Germany and, since 2018, domiciled in Ireland and headquartered in the United Kingdom. Linde is the world's largest industrial gas company by market share and revenue. It serves customers in the healthcare, petroleum refining, manufacturing, food, beverage carbonation, fiber-optics, steel making, aerospace, material handling equipment (MHE), chemicals, electronics and water treatment industries. The company's primary business
2444-475: The time. Due to silica dust exposure, many workers developed silicosis , a debilitating lung disease. According to a marker on site, there were 109 admitted deaths. A congressional hearing placed the death toll at 476, but a book published by epidemiologist Martin Cherniack, and as stated by the U.S. National Park Service, estimated the death toll to be 764, making it America's deadliest industrial disaster. In
2496-417: Was also designed by Godley. Union Carbide Union Carbide Corporation ( UCC ) is an American chemical company. UCC is a wholly owned subsidiary (since February 6, 2001) of Dow Chemical Company . Union Carbide produces chemicals and polymers that undergo one or more further conversions by customers before reaching consumers. Some are high-volume commodities and others are specialty products meeting
2548-810: Was completed in August 2009, Homebush Bay sediments in August 2010, and the Union Carbide site in March 2011. The cost of the remediation work was $ 35M for the Allied Feeds site, and $ 100 million for Union Carbide site and Homebush Bay sediments. The former Union Carbide headquarters building, at 270 Park Avenue in New York City, was a 52-story modernist office building designed by architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill and completed in 1960. The company relocated its headquarters to Danbury, Connecticut in 1983, to
2600-750: Was formed on November 1, 1917, from the merger of the Union Carbide Company founded in 1898, the National Carbon Company founded in 1886, Linde Air Products Company , a maker of liquid oxygen at Buffalo confiscated from Gesellschaft für Linde's Eismaschinen AG under the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 , and the Prest-O-Lite company, manufacturer of calcium carbide in Indianapolis . In 1920,
2652-625: Was incorporated in Ireland , with principal executive offices in Woking , UK . The company is a member of the Hydrogen Council , a group of companies investing in hydrogen vehicles . The company expects hydrogen vehicles to compete with electric vehicles and has invested in wind powered plants that convert water to hydrogen. The company is ranked 463rd on the Fortune Global 500 and 187th on
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#17330856931242704-515: Was rebranded as KION Group and sold to KKR and Goldman Sachs for €4bn in January 2007. In March 2007, the BOC Edwards semiconductor equipment business was sold to private equity firm CCMP Capital for €685m. Also in March 2007, eight air separation units and related bulk gas business, with about 300 employees, were sold to Airgas for $ 495 million in cash. In April 2007, the company sold
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