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26-403: Called "the grandest project in a reign renowned for extravagance", it was lavishly enriched with works of art, and the dispersed remnants of its collection remain key to the understanding of the art of the period. Purchase of the land and quarrying of materials began in 1377, but construction did not begin until 1383, under the architect Druet de Dammartin from Paris, who had previously designed

52-523: A Spaniard, Jean de La Huerta, was contracted, and sent drawings for the effigies. He completed most elements, but not the effigies, before leaving Dijon in 1456. Yet another master was brought in, and the monument finally installed in 1470, by which time Philip the Good was himself dead. He seems to have made no provision for a monument for himself, and had initially been buried in Bruges , where he died. His son Charles

78-409: A century to run when the monastery was founded, and the number of tombs never approached that of their Capetian predecessors at Cîteaux – indeed there would hardly have been room in the choir of the church, where the monuments were. Only two monuments were ever erected, both in the same style with painted alabaster effigies with lions at their feet and angels with spread wings at their heads. Underneath

104-403: Is a city and municipality located in the west of Zeelandic Flanders , in the south-western Dutch province of Zeeland . The current incarnation of the municipality has existed since 1 January 2003. The former municipalities of Oostburg and Sluis-Aardenburg merged on that date. The latter of these two municipalities was formed from a merger between the previous municipality named Sluis and

130-612: The Capetian House of Burgundy , whom the Valois had succeeded in 1361, only two decades earlier, had been buried at Cîteaux Abbey to the south of Dijon. Champmol was intended to rival Cîteaux, Saint-Denis , where the Kings of France were buried, and other dynastic burial places. Somewhat in contradiction to the Carthusian mission of tranquil contemplation, visitors and pilgrims were encouraged,

156-745: The Well of Moses ( Puits de Moise ) survive, including six life-size figures of the Old Testament prophets who foretold the Messiah , most of the rest having been destroyed, apparently more by weathering than the Revolution. Most items are in the Musée des Beaux-Arts, including its site in the former palace of the Dukes. The fragments from the Well of Moses and other similar pieces are in

182-688: The Archaeological Museum. The following are only the main works in Dijon: After the death in 1477 of Charles the Bold, Burgundy proper was recovered by force by France; the Kings, still descended from the Dukes via the Habsburgs and other routes, continued to support and occasionally visit the monastery. There was slight damage in the siege of Dijon in 1513 and in the French Wars of Religion , but essentially

208-401: The Bold had the remains brought back to Champmol after some years, but no monument was ever planned. Charles himself was relocated from Nancy to Bruges by his great-grandson Charles V in 1558. The second tomb repeats the design of the first, but with their execution spanning almost a century, stylistic differences can be seen, although some of the "pleurants" of the second tomb copy those of

234-556: The Duke's chateau at Sluis , and been an assistant in work at the Louvre . According to James Snyder his work at Champmol was "a somewhat conservative modification of the Late Gothic buildings of Paris". A committee of councillors from Dijon supervised the construction for the Duke, who was often elsewhere. By 1388 the church was consecrated, and most construction probably completed. The monastery

260-546: The Fearless gave Sluter four years to finish the job, but he died after two. His nephew and assistant, Claus de Werve took over and finished the sculptures in 1410. The effigies were painted by Malouel. John expressed a wish for his own tomb, this time a double one with his Duchess Margaret of Bavaria , to resemble that of his father, but nothing was done, even after his death in 1419, until 1435, and in 1439 de Werve died without having managed to find suitable alabaster . In 1443

286-592: The buildings house a psychiatric hospital, and "aller à la chartreuse" is a local phrase for developing a mental disorder. The Sluter sculptures can be seen by visitors, and many of the contents are in the Dijon museum, with the tombs and carved retables housed in the former Palace of the Dukes. 47°19′18″N 5°01′02″E  /  47.321681°N 5.017333°E  / 47.321681; 5.017333 Sluis Sluis ( Dutch: [slœys] ; Zeelandic : Sluus [slys] ; French : Écluse )

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312-531: The city gates, but is now inside the modern city boundaries. At this time the city had about 10,000 inhabitants and was the largest in Burgundy proper, though smaller than the cities of the territories in the Netherlands recently inherited by the Duke through his wife. But Burgundy was held more securely than the often turbulent cities in the north, and represented the senior title of the dynasty. Over sixty members of

338-404: The expenses of hospitality recompensed by the Dukes. In 1418 Papal indulgences were granted to those visiting the Well of Moses , further encouraging pilgrims. The ducal family had a private oratory overlooking the church (now destroyed), though their visits were in fact rare. The ducal accounts, which have fortunately survived, show major commissions for paintings and other works to complete

364-414: The first exactly. It is recorded that Philip the Good had a portrait of himself placed in the choir, where there were already those of the previous two Dukes. None of these are believed to have survived in the original, but surviving portraits may be copies of them. After the Revolution, and the sale of the monastery, the tombs were carefully moved to Dijon Cathedral in 1792, as their historic importance

390-459: The following year. She had decided to rest her remains with those of her parents in Lille , and Philip had been planning a single monument for himself for over twenty years, having commissioned Jean de Marville in 1381. Work did not begin until 1384, and proceeded slowly, with Claus Sluter being put in charge in 1389. At the Duke's death in 1404, only two mourners and the framework were complete; John

416-606: The former municipality of Aardenburg in 1995. The town received city rights in 1290. In 1340 the Battle of Sluys was fought nearby at sea during the Hundred Years' War . There is a record of one of the first lotteries with money on 9 May 1455 of 1737 florins (US$ 170,000, in 2014). During the Eighty Years' War in 1587 the town was captured by Spanish troops under the Duke of Parma and

442-552: The monastery continuing until about 1415, and further works were added after that at a slower rate by the Dukes and other donors. The accounts for Champmol have survived in sufficient detail that Martin Warnke synthesized from them a view of the emerging status of court artists , and "the autonomous consciousness of art and artists" that would distinguish the world of art in the Early modern period . The Valois dynasty of Burgundy had less than

468-470: The monastery remained in its 15th-century state until it was decided to update it in the 1770s. The altarpieces of Saints Denis and George had been replaced by new paintings by Charles-André van Loo in 1741; both the new paintings are now in the Dijon museum. Remodelling in the 1770s involved the destruction of some medieval parts, but greater destruction followed the French Revolution. The monastery

494-426: The period. Without the works that remained at Champmol until the 18th century, Claus Sluter , Jacques de Baerze , Melchior Broederlam , Henri Bellechose , Jean Malouel , and Jean de Beaumetz would remain only names known from documentary records. There are very important sculptures by Claus Sluter and his workshop on the church portal, including kneeling figures of Philip and his Duchess. The lower parts of

520-529: The slab the effigies rested on, unpainted small (about 40 cm high) "pleurants" or mourners ("weepers" is the traditional English term) were set among Gothic tracery . These were described by Johan Huizinga in The Waning of the Middle Ages as "the most profound expression of mourning known in art, a funeral march in stone". Philip the Bold died in 1404, and his wife Margaret III, Countess of Flanders ,

546-485: The town of Sluis, located on the westernmost point of the Netherlands. The population of the city is 2,040 (as of 2001). A ferry connection across the Westerschelde exists between Breskens and Vlissingen . After the opening of the Westerschelde tunnel near Terneuzen in 2003, the ferry now carries only pedestrian and bicycle traffic. Claus de Werve Claus or Claux de Werve ( c. 1380–1439)

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572-615: Was a sculptor active at the Burgundian court under Philip the Bold between 1395 and 1439. He was probably born in the Dutch city of Haarlem around 1380. In 1396 he became the assistant to his uncle, Claus Sluter at the Burgundian court in Dijon , France. He helped his uncle carve the mourners on the tomb of Philip the Bold . Upon Sluter's death in 1406 he took over the position of Chief Sculptor at

598-402: Was built for twenty-four choir monks , instead of the usual twelve in a Carthusian house, and two more were endowed to celebrate the birth in 1433 of Charles the Bold . These lived semi-hermitic lives in their individual small houses when not in the chapel. There would also have been non-ordained monks, servants, novices, and other workers. When founded, Champmol was "two arrow shots" outside

624-453: Was recognised. But in the following year the cathedral was converted into a Temple of Reason and the effigies were vandalised, so that what are now seen are reconstructions. Many elements, including ten "pleurants", were removed by genteel looters. Champmol was designed as a showpiece, and the artistic contents, now dispersed, represent much of the finest monumental work, as opposed to illuminated manuscripts , of French and Burgundian art of

650-421: Was retaken in 1604 by a Dutch and English force under Maurice of Nassau . From 2006 until its closure in 2013, Oud Sluis was one of only two Michelin three-starred restaurants in the entire country. In addition to the town of Sluis itself, the municipality is made up of the following population centres: Sint Anna ter Muiden , with a population of only 50 (2001), is a small village about 1 km west of

676-456: Was suppressed in 1791, and on May 4, five days after the monks departed, the buildings and land were bought by Emmanuel Crétet (1747–1808), later to be Minister of the Interior under Napoleon with the title Comte de Champmol. He destroyed large parts of the buildings and the church. In 1833 the estate was bought by the local département as a mental asylum, and many new buildings erected. Today

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