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109-531: In 1923, the Central Florida Zoo (then called the Sanford Municipal Zoo) opened its gates for the first time with only a small collection of animals that were donated by the local fire department. In 1941, it was relocated to new facilities where Sanford City Hall now stands. It was moved to its current location on July 4, 1975. With the support from a group of dedicated citizens, and the donation of

218-463: A camouflage pile. Eastern copperheads breed in late summer, but not every year; sometimes, females produce young for several years running, then do not breed at all for a time. Mating is sometimes preceded by male combat. Females give birth to live young, each of which is about 20 cm (8 in) in total length. The typical litter size is four to seven, but as few as one, or as many as 20 may be seen. Females are capable of storing sperm for up to

327-455: A state of emergency for all of Florida. Tampa Bay area schools also announced closures, and several colleges and universities, including the University of South Florida , the University of Tampa , and Eckerd College announced that they were canceling classes and closing. By September 27, 55 public school districts across the state announced cancellations, many through the end of

436-529: A 106-acre piece of land from Seminole County, the Central Florida Zoological Park opened at its current location along Lake Monroe, with Jack Hanna as Director. In 1986 the Central Florida Zoo became accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). In 2005, The Wayne M. Densch Discovery Center and ZooLab opened. The buildings feature classroom and hands-on instructional space, as well as

545-533: A 94-year-old man, and an 80-year-old woman, both due to disabled oxygen machines that they were using. Another from Lee County reportedly died by suicide after seeing the extent of damage done to his property after the storm. Overall, more than 2.4 million people in Florida lost power during the storm and in its aftermath. Rainfall in Ponce Inlet was recorded at 31.52 inches (801 mm). Total damage in Florida

654-403: A Category 4 hurricane as it approached the coast of Florida due to worsening environmental conditions. At 19:05 UTC, Ian made landfall on Cayo Costa with sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) and an estimated central pressure of 941 mbar (27.79 inHg), becoming the first Category 4 hurricane to impact Southwest Florida since Charley in 2004, which made landfall at

763-635: A brightly colored tail to attract frogs and perhaps lizards, a behavior termed caudal luring (see video: [1] ). Sight, odor, and heat detection are used in locating prey, although after the prey has been envenomated, odor and taste become the primary means of tracking. Smaller prey items and birds are often seized and held in the mouth until dead, while larger prey items are typically bitten, released, and then tracked until dead. Copperheads occasionally feed on carrion. Gravid females typically fast, although some individuals occasionally take small volumes of food. An individual may eat up to twice its body mass in

872-467: A darker brown or black within one year. Adults grow to a typical length (including tail) of 50–95 cm (20–37 in). In most of North America, the eastern copperhead favors deciduous forest and mixed woodlands. It may occupy rock outcroppings and ledges, but is also found in low-lying, swampy regions. During the winter, it hibernates in dens or limestone crevices, often together with timber rattlesnakes and black rat snakes . The eastern copperhead

981-540: A fifth person of unknown cause. In the early morning of September 28, the storm knocked out power to the entirety of Cuba after a collapse of its power grid; it left 11 million people without power. In the United States, over 9 million people lost power. On September 29, Lee County Sheriff Carmine Marceno, whose jurisdiction covers Cape Coral and Fort Myers , estimated that thousands of people may still be trapped in floodwaters. President Biden said

1090-428: A hurricane 12 hours later and a major hurricane after another 24 hours. At approximately 08:30 UTC on September 27, Ian made landfall on western Cuba as a high-end Category 3 hurricane with sustained winds of 125 mph (205 km/h) and a pressure of 947 mbar (27.96 inHg), becoming the strongest tropical cyclone to impact Pinar del Río Province since Hurricane Gustav in 2008. Ian weakened to

1199-517: A large portion of South Carolina and North Carolina. In the afternoon of September   30, Hurricane Ian made landfall just south of Georgetown, South Carolina causing moderate flooding in the streets. Talladega Superspeedway in Alabama and Charlotte Motor Speedway in North Carolina opened their campgrounds to hurricane evacuees. In Washington, D.C., a Major League Baseball game between

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1308-536: A low-end major hurricane with 115 mph (185 km/h) winds as it emerged off the coast of Cuba and into the southeastern Gulf of Mexico around 14:00 UTC. Ian restrengthened slightly once offshore, then initiated an eyewall replacement cycle causing its wind speed to remain steady at 120 mph (195 km/h) for about 12 hours. Its central pressure continued to fall to a minimum of 947 mbar (27.96 inHg) before temporarily rising to 952 mbar (28.11 inHg) by 02:00 UTC, when it moved over

1417-446: A mean of roughly 197.4 g ( 6 + 15 ⁄ 16  oz). Females do not typically exceed 60 to 66 cm ( 23 + 1 ⁄ 2 to 26 in), and have a mean body mass of 119.8 g ( 4 + 7 ⁄ 32  oz). The maximum length reported for this species is 134.6 cm (53 in) for A. c. mokasen (Ditmars, 1931). Brimley (1944) mentions a specimen of A. c. mokasen from Chapel Hill, North Carolina , that

1526-647: A multi-purpose banquet room available for private meeting and event rentals. In 2007, the Zoo officially announced its botanical garden status and became the Central Florida Zoo and Botanical Gardens. The same year, the Wharton-Smith Tropical Splash Ground opened. The zoo closed for over 3 weeks due to Hurricane Ian . The Zoo is home to over 400 animals, representing over 100 species. Guests can take advantage of educational opportunities including keeper chats and animal encounters. There are many mammals at

1635-503: A nationwide blackout led to protests in Cuba, with at least 400 demonstrators demanding the central government restore power and Internet access. A rare request of emergency assistance from the U.S. was approved by Biden on September 30 after Ian passed. The European Union announced a package of €1 million in aid while the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship of Argentina sent pills for

1744-577: A resurgence of the Omicron variant of COVID-19 , was pushed back from October 3 to 11. The modified schedule and the resumption of service for the Silver Meteor was then pushed out to October 13 due to the extensive damage inflicted along the Central Florida Rail Corridor . Full resumptions of both of these services would occur over a period from October 14–17. The ninth public hearing of

1853-698: A sexual mode of reproduction to an asexual mode. The type of parthenogenesis that likely occurs is automixis with terminal fusion , a process in which two terminal products from the same meiosis fuse to form a diploid zygote. This process leads to genome-wide homozygosity , expression of deleterious recessive alleles, and often to developmental failure ( inbreeding depression ). Both captive-born and wild-born A. contortrix snakes appear to be capable of this form of parthenogenesis. Although venomous, eastern copperheads are generally not aggressive and bites are rarely fatal. Copperhead venom has an estimated lethal dose around 100 mg, and tests on mice show its potency

1962-518: A subsidiary of Moody's Corporation, placed private market damages at $ 53–74 billion with an additional $ 10 billion from the NFIP. Beyond physical and economic losses, The Triple-I Corporation estimated litigation costs in Florida would reach $ 10–20 billion. On January 10, 2023, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration estimated total losses at $ 112 billion, making Ian

2071-532: A sustained wind of 56 mph (90 km/h) with a gust to 87 mph (140 km/h) during the afternoon of September 27. Five people were killed in Cuba: a man in San Juan y Martínez who was electrocuted while disconnecting a wind turbine used for irrigating his field, a 43-year-old woman who died when one of the walls of her house collapsed, two state technicians who were working on repairing breakdowns caused by Ian, and

2180-554: A total of $ 42–57 billion and potentially over $ 60 billion when losses not covered under the NFIP are included. Moody's Analytics calculated potential damages of $ 45–55 billion in Florida alone with billions more in South Carolina. Total economic losses were estimated at $ 56 billion by Enki Research. Karen Clark & Co. placed insured damages at nearly $ 63 billion with total economic losses over $ 100 billion. On October 10, Risk Management Solutions,

2289-571: A year. Their size apart, the young are similar to the adults, but lighter in color, and with a yellowish-green-marked tip to the tail, which is used to lure lizards and frogs. A. contortrix males have longer tongue tie lengths than females during the breeding season, which may aid in chemoreception of males searching for females. Parthenogenesis is a natural form of reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilization. A. contortrix can reproduce by facultative parthenogenesis, that is, they are capable of switching from

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2398-410: A year. One study found an individual that ate eight times during an annual activity period, totaling 1.25 times its body mass. Predators of the eastern copperhead are not well known, but may include owls, hawks, opossums, bullfrogs, and other snakes. They will use anti-predatory behaviors to discourage predators. These include: move away or flee, musking, tail vibrating, mouth gaping, or curling up into

2507-496: Is "Carolina". Schmidt (1953) proposed the type locality be restricted to "Charleston, South Carolina". Unlike some other species of North American pit vipers, such as the timber rattlesnake and massasauga , the copperhead has mostly not re-established itself north of the terminal moraine after the last glacial period (the Wisconsin glaciation ), though it is found in southeastern New York and southern New England , north of

2616-412: Is also present on the flanks, next to the belly, and are largest and darkest in the spaces between the crossbands. The belly is the same color as the ground color, but may be a little whitish in part. At the base of the tail are one to three (usually two) brown crossbands followed by a gray area. In juveniles, the pattern on the tail is more distinct: 7–9 crossbands are visible, while the tip is yellow. On

2725-458: Is among the lowest of all pit vipers, and slightly weaker than that of its close relative, the cottonmouth . Copperheads often employ a "warning bite" when stepped on or agitated and inject a relatively small amount of venom, if any at all. "Dry bites" involving no venom are particularly common with the copperhead, though all pit vipers are capable of a dry bite. The fangs of dead pit vipers are capable of delivering venom in amounts that necessitate

2834-537: Is classified as least concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (v3.1, 2001). This means that relative to many other species, it is not at risk of extinction in the near future. The population trend was stable when assessed in 2007. Their venom has potential medicinal value to humans. In the Southern United States , copperheads are nocturnal during the hot summer, but are commonly active during

2943-574: Is known to feed on a wide variety of prey, including invertebrates (primarily arthropods ) and vertebrates . Like most pit vipers, the eastern copperhead is generally an ambush predator; it takes up a promising position and waits for suitable prey to arrive. As a common species within its range, it may be encountered by humans. Unlike other viperids, it often "freezes" instead of slithering away and fleeing, due to its habit of relying on excellent camouflage. Bites occur due to people unknowingly stepping on or near them. Copperhead bites account for half of

3052-464: Is made. Like most other New World vipers, copperheads exhibit defensive tail vibration behavior when closely approached. This species is capable of vibrating its tail in excess of 40 times per second— faster than almost any other nonrattlesnake snake species. The eastern copperhead is a diet generalist and is known to feed on a wide variety of prey, including invertebrates (primarily arthropods ) and vertebrates . A generalized ontogenetic shift in

3161-562: Is usually interpreted to reference the distorted pattern of darker bands across the snake's back, which are broad at the lateral base, but "pinched" into narrow hourglass shapes in the middle at the vertebral area. Adults grow to a typical length (including tail) of 50–95 cm (20–37 in). Some may exceed 1 m (3 ft 3 in), although that is exceptional for this species. Males do not typically exceed 74 to 76 cm (29 to 30 in) and weigh from 101.5 to 343 g ( 3 + 9 ⁄ 16 to 12 + 1 ⁄ 8  oz), with

3270-471: The ABC islands , and the northern coast of South America. On the morning of September 23, the wave had enough organization to be designated as a tropical depression, after which it strengthened into Tropical Storm Ian early the next day while it was southeast of Jamaica . As Ian rapidly intensified into a Category 3 hurricane, it made landfall in western Cuba. Heavy rainfall caused widespread flooding across

3379-523: The Asian elephant , cheetah , ruffed lemur , Amur leopard , guenon , spider monkey , cotton-top tamarin , rock iguana , and clouded leopard . The Zoo also operates an offsite conservation center, the Orianne Center for Indigo Conservation. This facility helps to breed and release eastern indigo snakes into the wild where they have disappeared. Hurricane Ian Other wikis Hurricane Ian

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3488-680: The Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel . In Delaware , gusts reached 48 mph (77 km/h) in Dewey Beach . On October 3, flooding resulted in Delaware Route 1 shutting down between Bethany Beach and Dewey Beach . The storm surge in Lewes, Delaware reached 3.48 ft (1.06 m), the seventh highest level on record. A separate low-pressure area formed to the northeast of Ian as it dissipated on October 1, which stalled off

3597-599: The Dry Tortugas with winds of 125 mph (205 km/h). Ian completed the eyewall replacement cycle shortly afterwards and began rapidly intensifying once more. By 12:00 UTC on September 28, Ian strengthened further to its peak intensity as a Category 5 hurricane with sustained winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) and an estimated central pressure of 937 mbar (27.67 inHg) as it neared Southwest Florida , despite outflow being restricted in its southwestern quadrant by moderate wind shear. Operationally,

3706-738: The Philadelphia Phillies and Washington Nationals was rescheduled. A Major League Baseball game in Baltimore between the Baltimore Orioles and Toronto Blue Jays was also rescheduled. Finally, a third Major League Baseball game in New York City between the New York Mets and Washington Nationals was rescheduled as well. The eastward shift in Ian's track as well as the increasing size of

3815-555: The United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack , scheduled for September 28 was postponed. The governors of North Carolina , South Carolina , and Virginia declared a state of emergency in preparation for the incoming storm. Over 3,500 flights were canceled as a direct result of Ian. Amazon canceled warehouse operations in some facilities. On September 24, Governor Ron DeSantis declared

3924-434: The copperhead , is a species of venomous snake , a pit viper , endemic to eastern North America; it is a member of the subfamily Crotalinae in the family Viperidae . The eastern copperhead has distinctive, dark brown, hourglass-shaped markings, overlaid on a light reddish brown or brown/gray background. The body type is heavy, rather than slender. Neonates are born with green or yellow tail tips, which progress to

4033-518: The 5th-strongest hurricane on record to make landfall in the contiguous U.S. After moving inland, Ian quickly weakened to a tropical storm before moving back offshore into the Atlantic. There it re-strengthened to become a hurricane once again before making its final landfall in South Carolina on September 30. Ian became an extratropical cyclone shortly after landfall and fully dissipated by early

4142-520: The Cayman Islands. Helicopters from Royal Cayman Islands Police Service were also deployed to assist in the operation. At the time one of the helicopters was deployed to the Turks and Caicos Islands before the development of Ian to assist recovery efforts there after the passage of Hurricane Fiona . The Royal Navy also deployed its helicopter to assist. Schools, universities, and education centers closed on

4251-1098: The Florida Keys, seven Cuban migrants drowned when their boat capsized off Stock Island , in Monroe County , as Ian moved through; 11 others were missing. In addition, ten people died in Sarasota and Collier Counties ; seven in Monroe and Volusia Counties ; five in Hillsborough , Manatee , and Osceola Counties ; four in Hardee County ; three in Orange and Putnam Counties ; two each in Hendry and Polk Counties ; and one each in DeSoto , Lake , and Martin , Miami-Dade and St. Lucie Counties . Ian also caused two indirect deaths in Sarasota County,

4360-779: The Islands was called at 3:00 pm. EDT on September 26 from the National Emergency Operations Center. Several inches of rain and wind gusts of up to 50 mph (80 km/h) were observed at Seven Mile Beach on Grand Cayman , along with minor storm surge flooding. Minor damage and scattered power outages were also reported. Striking western Cuba as a Category 3 hurricane, Ian caused extensive damage throughout Pinar del Río and Mayabeque provinces. The storm made landfall at 4:30 local time on September 27, in Pinar del Río. A peak wind gust of 129 mph (208 km/h)

4469-600: The NHC classified Ian as a high-end Category 4 hurricane with winds of 155 mph (250 km/h), but during post-season reanalysis concluded a peak wind speed of 160 mph (260 km/h) based on stepped frequency microwave radiometer measurements of 158–159 mph (254–256 km/h) (these observations had been flagged as being unreliable operationally). At around this time, a NOAA weather drone measured wind gusts reaching up to 216 mph (348 km/h). Ian maintained its intensity for several hours before weakening to

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4578-537: The September 26 southbound Silver Star service, which was already on a modified schedule due to the suspension of the Silver Meteor service, at Jacksonville, Florida , on September 27. Silver Star service was canceled for September 27–28 with the northbound Silver Star for September 29 also canceled. Ian's updated track forecast then prompted them to suspend those services through October 1. Palmetto service

4687-602: The US and Puerto Rico to more easily claim damage relief on their 2022 tax bills. The storm had heavy coverage in both traditional media and social media. Coverage of Hurricane Ian was the most viewed by cable viewership on September 28 with the Weather Channel occupying eight of the top ten cable spots with continuous coverage of the storm. Fox Weather , the weather streaming service from Fox News reported an average of 552,000 viewers on September 28 between 1:00–4:00 pm ET when

4796-497: The Wisconsin glaciation terminal moraine on Long Island . Eastern copperheads are habitat generalists which are species able to survive in different habitats (fragmented and unfragmented). Within its range, it occupies a variety of different habitats. In most of North America, it favors deciduous forest and mixed woodlands. It is often associated with rock outcroppings and ledges, but is also found in low-lying, swampy regions. During

4905-596: The Zoo and more than 38,000 guests took part in the event. The Central Florida Zoo has teamed up with The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 's Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWC/FWRI) and the Florida Museum of Natural History to monitor the state's 68 species of amphibians and help save the 16 species considered to be at greatest risk due to habitat loss, invasive species, climate change, and new wildlife diseases. The Zoo also participates in several AZA Species Survival Plans (SSP), including those for

5014-626: The afternoon of September 25. Then the airports closed and the aircraft at the airports were evacuated. Authorities in Cuba issued evacuation orders for around 50,000 people in the Pinar del Rio province and set up around 55 shelters before the storm. State media stated that steps were being taken to protect food and crops in warehouses. Locals removed fishing boats in Havana , and city workers inspected and unclogged storm drains. Amtrak suspended its Auto Train service for September 27–28 and truncated

5123-559: The area resulting in a nationwide power outage. Ian lost a minimal amount of strength while over land and soon re-strengthened while over the southeastern Gulf of Mexico . It peaked as a Category 5 hurricane with sustained winds of 160 mph (260 km/h) early on September 28, while progressing towards the west coast of Florida, and made landfall just below peak intensity in Southwest Florida on Cayo Costa Island . In doing so, Ian tied with several other storms to become

5232-399: The area. The American Red Cross mobilized and began to provide shelter and supplies to those who needed it as well. Various other International, federal and local organizations also mobilized to help spread donations throughout affected populations in the form of both monetary and physical donations. On October 3, The Guardian reported 10,000 people remained unaccounted for. However,

5341-570: The availability of antivenom stated it used 1 Acp to 5 Acp depending on the symptoms and circumstances. Antivenom use however may not be necessary in the majority of cases, A study that analyzed 88 copperhead bite victims reported that all the victims survived and none required antivenom. This species was long considered to contain five subspecies listed below, but gene analysis suggests that A. c. laticinctus represents its own distinct species, while A. c. mokasen and A. c. phaeogaster are regional variants of A. c. contortrix , and A. c. pictigaster

5450-450: The center and hybrid frontal features moved away. The system made its final landfall that afternoon near Georgetown, South Carolina , at 18:05 UTC, with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). Ian became extratropical a few hours later over northeastern South Carolina , and fully dissipated over central North Carolina by 12:00 UTC on October 1. The Meteorological Service of Jamaica issued tropical storm watches for

5559-408: The center, but darker towards the edges. They are about two scales wide or less at the midline of the back, but expand to a width of 6–10 scales on the sides of the body. They do not extend down to the ventral scales. Often, the crossbands are divided at the midline and alternate on either side of the body, with some individuals even having more half bands than complete ones. A series of dark brown spots

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5668-670: The coast of New Jersey for nearly a week. Widespread coastal flooding occurred along the Jersey Shore , with Sea Isle City receiving 8.14 inches (207 mm) of rain between October 1 and 3. In addition, Philadelphia set a daily precipitation record due to the storm on October 2, at 1.99 in (51 mm). AccuWeather described the system as a nor'easter which produced storm surge levels comparable to those of Hurricane Sandy . The rainfall alleviated drought conditions throughout much of New Jersey, and lasted until October 5. The system also produced unseasonably cold temperatures across

5777-556: The costliest hurricane in Florida's history, surpassing Hurricane Irma of 2017 , as well as the third-costliest in US history, behind only Hurricane Katrina of 2005 and Hurricane Harvey of 2017 respectively. Ian marked the 15th billion-dollar disaster for the country in 2022. In 2023, Florida senator Rick Scott introduced the Hurricane Tax Relief Act into the 118th Congress , which would enable Ian's victims, as well as victims of Hurricanes Nicole and Fiona in

5886-524: The county, while several schools that sustained more damage remaining closed until October 17. Critics have noted that federally subsidized flood insurance is one of the reasons that people continue to move to hurricane-prone areas of Florida. Since the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) began, millions of people moved to Florida in the past 50 years into areas that were part of Hurricane Ian's path in part, critics note, due to

5995-416: The crossbands were fused together longitudinally to form a continuous, undulating band, surmounted above by a dark stripe that was 2.0–2.5 scales wide. In another specimen, from Lowndes County, Alabama , the first three crossbands were complete, followed by a dark stripe that ran down either side of the body, with points of pigment reaching up to the midline in six places, but never getting there, after which

6104-483: The damage was from flooding brought about by a storm surge of 10–15 ft (3.0–4.6 m). The cities of Fort Myers , Cape Coral , and Naples were particularly hard hit, leaving millions without power in the storm's wake and numerous inhabitants forced to take refuge on their roofs. Sanibel Island , Fort Myers Beach , and Pine Island bore the brunt of Ian's powerful winds and its accompanying storm surge at landfall, which leveled thousands of standing structures in

6213-478: The day during the spring and fall. Unlike other viperids, they often "freeze" instead of slithering away, and as a result, many bites occur due to people unknowingly stepping on or near them. This tendency to freeze most likely evolved because of the extreme effectiveness of their camouflage. When lying on dead leaves or red clay, they can be almost impossible to notice. They frequently stay still even when approached closely, and generally strike only if physical contact

6322-428: The diet include various invertebrates, e.g. millipedes ( Diplopoda ), spiders ( Arachnida ), beetles ( Coleoptera ), dragonflies ( Odonata ), grasshoppers ( Orthoptera ), and mantids ( Mantidae ), as well as numerous species of vertebrates, including salamanders, frogs, lizards, snakes, small turtles, small birds, young opossums, squirrels, chipmunks, rabbits, bats, shrews, moles, rats, and mice. Like most pit vipers,

6431-928: The diet occurs, with juveniles feeding on higher percentages of invertebrates and ectotherms , and adults feeding on a higher percentage vertebrate endotherms . Both juveniles and adults, though, feed on invertebrates and vertebrates opportunistically. The diet is also known to vary among geographic populations. Studies conducted at various locations within the range of the eastern copperhead ( A. contortrix ), including Tennessee, Kentucky , Kansas , and Texas , identified some consistently significant prey items included cicadas ( Tibicen ), caterpillars ( Lepidoptera ), lizards ( Sceloporus and Scincella ), voles ( Microtus ), and mice ( Peromyscus ). Accounts of finding large numbers of copperheads in bushes, vines, and trees seeking newly emerged cicadas, some as high as 40 feet above ground, have been reported from Texas by various herpetologists. Other items documented in

6540-447: The eastern Florida coastline. At 00:00 UTC, the system's low-level circulation had completely emerged off of the coast of Florida, and although the convection was slightly offset to the north, Ian reintensified to a Category 1 hurricane at that time. The system turned northward on the morning of September 30 and accelerated toward the South Carolina coast. It strengthened some during this time, as deep convection re-developed near

6649-462: The eastern copperhead is generally an ambush predator; it takes up a promising position and waits for suitable prey to arrive. One exception to ambush foraging occurs when copperheads feed on insects such as caterpillars and freshly molted cicadas. When hunting insects, copperheads actively pursue their prey. They possess facial pit organs which is a complex infrared-imaging system that allows accurate and precise strikes on potential prey. Juveniles use

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6758-575: The emergency services, the Cayman Islands Regiment and Cayman Islands Coast Guard saw the full mobilization and deployment of their personnel. In addition, the Governor of the Cayman Islands , Martyn Roper , requested for the United Kingdom to further deploy additional military assets to the islands for Humanitarian Aid and Disaster Relief Operations. Subsequently, HMS Medway was deployed to

6867-479: The ensuing six days. On September 22, as the disturbance tracked west-northwestward it showed signs of increasing organization. Strong wind shear with 30–35 mph (45–55 km/h) winds generated by the upper-level outflow from Hurricane Fiona inhibited development into a tropical depression. A well-defined circulation was still able to form within the disturbance by 06:00 September 23; its convection then increased and became persistent overnight into

6976-399: The evening of September 23. On September 24 at 18:00 UTC, the hurricane watch for Grand Cayman was upgraded to a hurricane warning, and the hurricane watch for Cayman Brac and Little Cayman was changed to a tropical storm watch. Flood warnings along with marine warnings were also issued for Grand Cayman. The Cayman Islands Airports Authority continued operating the airports until

7085-582: The extreme damage and number of deaths the hurricane caused, particularly in Florida, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name Ian from its rotating name lists in March 2023, and it will never be used again for another Atlantic tropical cyclone. It was replaced with Idris , which will first appear on the 2028 season list. Agkistrodon contortrix The eastern copperhead ( Agkistrodon contortrix ), also known simply as

7194-453: The head are usually 9 large symmetrical plates, 6–10 (usually 8) supralabial scales , and 8–13 (usually 10) sublabial scales . The color pattern consists of a pale tan to pinkish-tan ground color that becomes darker towards the foreline, overlaid with a series of 10–18 (13.4) crossbands. Characteristically, both the ground color and crossband pattern are pale in A. c. contortrix . These crossbands are light tan to pinkish-tan to pale brown in

7303-500: The head, the crown is usually unmarked, except for a pair of small dark spots, one near the midline of each parietal scale . A faint postocular stripe is also present; diffuse above and bordered below by a narrow brown edge. Several aberrant color patterns for A. c. contortrix , or populations that intergrade with it, have also been reported. In a specimen described by Livezey (1949) from Walker County, Texas , 11 of 17 crossbands were not joined middorsally, while on one side, three of

7412-577: The hurricane prompted the issuance of a tropical storm warning for Bimini and Grand Bahama in the Bahamas late on September 27. The disturbance brought gusty winds and heavy rain to Trinidad and Tobago, the ABC islands, and to the northern coasts of Venezuela and Colombia , causing flooding and minor damage. Minimal impacts were felt on the Cayman Islands as the storm passed to its west. The all-clear for

7521-485: The hurricane. The Florida section of Gulf Islands National Seashore was also closed. Governor Brian Kemp ordered the activation of the State Operations Center on September 26 which began preparations for the impact of the storm in the later part of the week. Many farmers prepared before the storm by turning off irrigation systems attempting to dry out the ground while harvesting what they could (much of

7630-657: The impending dangerous weather. Mandatory evacuation orders were issued for parts of multiple counties. Around 300,000 people were evacuated in Hillsborough County (which centers on Tampa) with schools and other locations being used as shelters. Before the impact school closures and mandatory evacuations were made across much of the Florida peninsula. DeSantis mobilized 5,000 Florida state national guard troops. Another 2,000 were deployed on standby in neighboring states. Officials in Tallahassee and nearby cities commissioned

7739-524: The island of Jamaica on September 23. Flood warnings and marine warnings were issued simultaneously. The government of the Cayman Islands issued hurricane watches for its three islands, Grand Cayman , Cayman Brac , and Little Cayman , on September 23 at 21:00 UTC as Ian was projected to pass over the British Overseas Territory as a hurricane. The National Emergency Operations Centre had gone into full activation mode. Along with

7848-888: The last four crossbands on the tail were also complete. A specimen found in Terrebonne Parish, Louisiana had a similar striped pattern, with only the first and last two crossbands being normal. The eastern copperhead is found in North America; its range within the United States is in Alabama , Arkansas , Connecticut , Delaware , Florida , Georgia , Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Kansas , Kentucky , Louisiana , Maryland , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , Nebraska , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Ohio , Oklahoma , Pennsylvania , South Carolina , Tennessee , Texas , Virginia , and West Virginia . In Mexico , it occurs in Chihuahua and Coahuila . The type locality

7957-837: The monitoring of local power lines and scouring of storm-water systems to make them prepared and secure. The college football game between the East Carolina Pirates and the South Florida Bulls was moved from South Florida's stadium in Tampa to Boca Raton . The Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League moved practices from Tampa south to the Miami Dolphins training facility in Miami Gardens. All three national parks in Florida closed in preparation for

8066-424: The mouth. The escalation includes 21–25 (usually 23) rows of dorsal scales at midbody, 138–157 ventral scales in both sexes, and 38–62 and 37–57 subcaudal scales in males and females, respectively. The subcaudals are usually single, but the percentage thereof decreases clinally from the northeast, where about 80% are undivided, to the southwest of the geographic range where as little as 50% may be undivided. On

8175-565: The nation. According to DeSantis, Florida was working with SpaceX CEO Elon Musk to use the Starlink satellite Internet service to help restore communication across the state. At least eight school districts suffered closures as a result of Ian. The Lee County and DeSoto County Public School Districts reopened on October 17. The Charlotte County Public School District reopened October 18. Sarasota County Schools were closed due to damage from storm, with classes resuming on October 10 for most of

8284-480: The next day due to high winds; however, Staten Island Ferry and NYC Ferry continued operations. The system brought the coldest daily high for October 3 on record to John F. Kennedy International Airport , with a high of 52 °F (11 °C). Minor coastal flooding occurred in New York City as well. Nearly 1,500 power outages occurred across Connecticut , including 11% of Weston . Mass power outages and

8393-482: The next day, FEMA's statement did not include numbers about people remaining unaccounted for. There were sporadic reports of looting and burglaries at several businesses in Lee County, Florida; alleged thefts of non-essential items such as sports apparel and athletic shoes during the height of the storm prompted officials to enforce a curfew in the county. Door-to-door scams posing as charities were carried out across

8502-474: The next day. Hurricane Ian caused 161 fatalities: 5 in Cuba, 150 in Florida, 5 in North Carolina , and 1 in Virginia. Ian caused catastrophic damage with losses estimated to be around $ 113 billion, making it the costliest hurricane in Florida's history, surpassing Irma of 2017 , as well as the third-costliest in U.S. history, behind only Katrina of 2005 and Harvey of 2017 respectively. Much of

8611-419: The next day. As a result, it was designated Tropical Depression Nine at that time. By 00:00 UTC on September 24, the depression's wind speed had increased to 40 mph (64 km/h), at which time it became Tropical Storm Ian . Moderate-to-strong vertical wind shear hindered development of Ian until late the following day; it began rapidly intensifying at 18:00 UTC September 25. Ian became

8720-593: The ninth named storm , fourth hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 2022 Atlantic hurricane season , and was the first Category 5 hurricane in the Atlantic since Lorenzo in 2019 . Ian originated from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of West Africa and across the central tropical Atlantic towards the Windward Islands . The wave moved into the Caribbean Sea on September 21 bringing heavy rain and gusty winds to Trinidad and Tobago ,

8829-497: The ocean. On February 10, 2024, a fire station in Sanibel was demolished after suffering wind and flood damage. The station moved temporarily into a mobile home that month. Preliminary estimates of damages from Hurricane Ian are wide-ranging. Various analytic agencies and insurance companies have placed losses in the tens of billions. CoreLogic reported potential insured losses at $ 28–47 billion. Verisk Analytics indicated

8938-474: The potabilization of nearly one million liters of water via the White Helmets Commission . The government of Japan also dispatched help to Cuba through its Japan International Cooperation Agency agency. Soon after the conditions improved in impacted parts of Florida, search and rescue teams, first responders, and utility workers from un-impacted parts of Florida and across the country deployed to

9047-607: The region and collapsed the Sanibel Causeway and the Pine Island Causeway to Pine Island, entrapping those left on the islands for several days. Ian originated from a tropical wave producing a large amount of showers and thunderstorms moving off the west coast of Africa on September 14–15. The wave subsequently moved westward, passing south of the Cape Verde Islands with occasional bursts of convection during

9156-452: The region, with Trenton having a maximum temperature of 53 °F (12 °C) on October 4, one degree shy of the record lowest daily high for that date. Several ferries between Cape May, New Jersey and Lewes, Delaware were canceled due to the storm on October 3. Due to the storm drenching New Jersey, the state realized their tenth wettest October on record. In New York, Seastreak ferry service suspended all service on October 2 until

9265-407: The same hashtag. Others provided livestream feeds of their homes and surrounding areas during the hurricane. Many Floridians who posted about the storm to social media found humor while discussing preparing for the hurricane, the storm, and its aftermath. Some people who sheltered in place at Walt Disney World documented or livestreamed their experiences and the storm, and in some cases monetized

9374-452: The same location. Ian then made a second landfall just south of Punta Gorda near Pirate Harbor at 20:35 UTC with 145 mph (230 km/h) winds. Ian weakened to Category 3 strength by 00:00 UTC the next day. Continual land interaction resulted in the frictional displacement of the system, and that coupled with high vertical wind shear caused Ian to quickly degrade to a tropical storm by 12:00 UTC as it moved north-northeast off of

9483-414: The southern copperhead has been found to hold the protein contortrostatin that halts the growth of cancer cells in mice and also stops the migration of the tumors to other sites. However, this is an animal model , and further testing is required to verify safety and efficacy in humans. The antivenom CroFab is used to treat copperhead envenomations that demonstrate localized or systemic reactions to

9592-633: The state's cotton crop had not been harvested yet). Atlanta Motor Speedway opened their campgrounds to hurricane evacuees. The construction project to improve I-16 in Chatham County was put on hold until the storm passed as well. Governor Henry McMaster declared a state of emergency and activated the emergency operations plan for the state. The college football game between the South Carolina State Bulldogs and South Carolina Gamecocks scheduled for October 1 at 12:00 p.m.

9701-615: The storm could end up as the deadliest in Florida's history. In an interview on September 29, Marceno said that hundreds of deaths may have occurred, but he and Governor DeSantis later downplayed the remark. According to the Florida Medical Examiners Commission, as of February 3, 2023, 149 people were confirmed to have died across Florida as a direct result of Hurricane Ian. 72 of those deaths occurred in Lee County , and 9 occurred in neighboring Charlotte County . In

9810-490: The storm made landfall in Florida. This was by far their most ever daily views. Internet personality Ryan Hall, Y'all was ranked number three on YouTube during a livestream covering Ian's landfall on September 29. Photos and videos of the hurricane were posted throughout social media with a large amount seen on TikTok where videos posted under the hashtag #HurricaneIan had about 3.5 billion views by September 28, while on Instagram there were more than 65,000 posts with

9919-598: The subsidized flood insurance offered by the federal government and insurance companies. NBC News described most of the deaths as preventable, blaming a lack of communication on the government's side and care on the citizen's side. Many insurance companies went out of business and 200,000 claims could not be paid. Lee County also saw a sharp rise in infections and death from flesh-eating bacteria that live in warm brackish water . By October 18, 2022, 29 cases and four deaths had been recorded since landfall due to infection from Vibrio vulnificus , at least one of whom

10028-685: The town, while an EFU tornado touched down northeast of Aurora . There were five storm-related deaths in the state: three in Johnston County , one in Martin County , and one in Moore County . Strong winds and rain moved through the Mid-Atlantic region. 95,000 people lost power in Virginia. Wind gusts reached as high as 69 mph (111 km/h) in Cape Henry and 68 mph (109 km/h) in

10137-501: The treated snake bites in the United States. Five subspecies have been recognized in the past, but recent genetic analysis had yielded new species information. Its generic name is derived from the Greek words ankistron "hook, fishhook" and odon , variant of odous "tooth". The trivial name , or specific epithet , comes from the Latin contortus (twisted, intricate, complex), which

10246-499: The use of antivenom. Bite symptoms include extreme pain, tingling, throbbing, swelling, and severe nausea. Damage can occur to muscle and bone tissue, especially when the bite occurs in the outer extremities such as the hands and feet, areas in which a large muscle mass is not available to absorb the venom. A bite from any venomous snake should be taken very seriously and immediate medical attention sought, as an allergic reaction and secondary infection are always possible. The venom of

10355-483: The venom. As many copperhead bites can be dry (no envenomation), CroFab is not given in the absence of a reaction (such as swelling) due to the risk of complications of an allergic reaction to the treatment. The antivenom can cause an immune reaction called serum sickness . Pain management , tetanus immunization, laboratory evaluation, and medical supervision in the case of complications are additional courses of action. In 2002, an Illinois poison control center report on

10464-599: The videos which drew criticism from many. In one case a Floridian YouTuber 's video was disliked more than double the number of times it was liked on the platform. Many asked for help on social media looking for loved ones after losing contact with them or getting pleas from them for aid. While Florida authorities urged Floridians to use official emergency channels to report emergencies and to limit personal information that could be shared, many discovered informal digital structures or relied on ones from previous disasters to help provide aid or finding missing individuals. Due to

10573-781: The week. Officials at the Kennedy Space Center delayed the launch of NASA 's Artemis 1 , and the rocket was returned to the Vehicle Assembly Building . President Joe Biden approved a state of emergency declaration for Florida on September 24. Many airports and ports in Tampa , Tampa Bay , Orlando , St. Petersburg , Key West , and other places announced that they would be suspending operations. Walt Disney World and Universal Orlando said that they would be closing attractions. A number of stores and restaurants like Walmart and Waffle House were closed because of

10682-530: The winter, it hibernates in dens or limestone crevices, often together with timber rattlesnakes and black rat snakes . In the states around the Gulf of Mexico , however, this species is also found in coniferous forest . In the Chihuahuan Desert of West Texas and northern Mexico, it occurs in riparian habitats , usually near permanent or semipermanent water and sometimes in dry arroyos (brooks). This species

10791-852: The zoo includes many reptiles and amphibians. Some of the reptiles include Aldabra giant tortoise , American alligator , American crocodile , Aruba Island rattlesnake , black-breasted leaf turtle , black caiman , dusky pygmy rattlesnake , eastern green mamba , eastern coral snake , eastern diamondback rattlesnake , eastern hognose , Egyptian cobra , eyelash viper , Florida cottonmouth , Florida pine snake , Gila monster , Grand Cayman Island rock iguana , green tree python , jungle carpet python , king cobra , long-nosed viper , Madagascar tree boa , Neuwied's lancehead snake , New Caledonian giant gecko , New Guinea crocodile monitor , prehensile-tailed skink , red rat snake , red spitting cobra , scarlet kingsnake , southern copperhead , tiger viper , timber rattlesnake , and West African mamba . Within

10900-702: The zoo which include Asian elephant , black-handed spider monkey , cheetah , clouded leopard , goat , Hoffmann's two-toed sloth , llama , alpaca , lesser spot-nosed guenon , river otter , puma , red ruffed lemur , South African crested porcupine , warthog , Indian rhino , giraffe , fossa , Amur leopard . Some of the major species of birds at the zoo include African red-billed hornbill , bald eagle , black-throated magpie-jay , blue-bellied roller , green-winged macaw , guira cuckoo , kookaburra , Palawan peacock-pheasant , Panama yellow-crowned amazon , silvery-cheeked hornbill , spotted thick-knee , wreathed hornbill , violaceous turaco . The Herpetarium at

11009-458: The zoo, a splash park can be found. Giraffe feedings and rhino encounters are available for an extra cost. The Little Florida Railroad, a 16 in ( 406 mm ) gauge ridable miniature railway with a G-16 streamliner locomotive originally built in 1951, began operating at the zoo in 2003. Following an incident in November 2019 in which a derailment required guests to be hospitalized, the train

11118-434: Was "four feet, six inches" (137.2 cm), but this may have been an approximation. The maximum length for A. c. contortrix is 132.1 cm (52 in) (Conant, 1958). The body is relatively stout and the head is broad and distinct from the neck. Because the snout slopes down and back, it appears less blunt than that of the cottonmouth, A. piscivorus . Consequently, the top of the head extends further forward than

11227-451: Was a devastating tropical cyclone which, at the time, was the third costliest weather disaster on record worldwide. It was also the deadliest hurricane to strike the state of Florida since the 1935 Labor Day hurricane , and the strongest hurricane to make landfall in Florida since Michael in 2018. Ian caused widespread damage across western Cuba , Florida, and the Carolinas . Ian was

11336-507: Was also truncated for Washington D.C. , on September 30 and October 1. As Ian dissipated over the Carolinas , Amtrak modified its schedule, truncating the October 2 southbound Silver Star at Jacksonville, which would be the origin of the October 3 northbound Silver Star . Bus transportation was provided for Orlando and Tampa . Additionally, the resumption of the Silver Meteor service, which had been suspended since January 24, 2022, due to

11445-566: Was closed temporarily. In early 2023, the zoo unveiled its new train. The Zoo hosts several annual events, including ZOO Boo Bash and Hippity Hop Adventure. Brews Around the Zoo, a 21 & up only event occurs yearly in the spring. In 2019, the Inaugural Asian Lantern Festival: Into the Wild, was held at the Central Florida Zoo. In partnership with Tianyu Arts & Culture, 35 hand crafted illuminated lantern elements transformed

11554-1073: Was estimated at $ 109.5 billion. In South Carolina, over 210,000 customers had lost power from the hurricane by 3:00 pm EDT on September 30. A tidal gauge at Springmaid Pier in Myrtle Beach reached 10.77 feet (3.28 m), beating the record of 9.8 feet (3.0 m) set by Hurricane Isaias which struck two years prior. Rainfall totals reached 8.14 in (207 mm) in Charleston . As of 11:00 am EDT on October 1, an estimated 63,000 customers remained without power, primarily in Horry , Georgetown , Charleston , Florence , Williamsburg , and Berkeley Counties . In North Carolina, over 76,000 customers had lost power by 3:30 pm EDT on September 30, with 65,000 in Wake County alone. An EF0 tornado also touched down in Holden Beach , damaging multiple homes in

11663-628: Was from out of state. At least one Lee County man was infected with Mycobacterium haemophilum . Around 15% of the bees in the United States, which were found in Florida, were affected by Ian. Upwards of 150,000 bee hives were destroyed in the storm. Surviving bees were malnourished due to Brazilian peppertrees , which bloom in the autumn, being stripped. Weeks later several coast side condominiums and hotels damaged by Ian in Volusia County were deemed unsafe and evacuated as Hurricane Nicole approached on November 10. Many structures fell into

11772-550: Was moved up to September 29 at 7:00 p.m. on account of the storm. On September 29, the National Park Service announced that Congaree National Park will be closed until at least October 2. The National Forest Service , meanwhile, closed both Francis Marion National Forest and Sumter National Forest . On September 30, the Weather Prediction Center issued a moderate risk of excessive rainfall for

11881-579: Was observed in San Juan y Martínez . A 24-hour rainfall total of 4.3 in (108.3 mm) was measured on Isla de la Juventud . Significant storm surge inundation occurred along the coasts of the Gulf of Guanahacabibes and Isla de la Juventud. Ian caused a power outage in Pinar del Río, cutting power to the entire province, which had a population of 850,000. The Cuba Institute of Meteorology located in Havana reported

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