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56-467: Cemre may refer to: In Turkish folklore , three embers sent by a genie fall from the heavens at the end of the winter, and in turn, warm up the air, the water and the earth, one by one. The first cemre falls on the air on/around the 20th of February (i.e. first the air warms up); the second cemre falls on the water a week later (i.e. the water warms up next, melting snow and ice); and finally, another week later,

112-646: A three-year siege that concluded in 1331. Orhan captured Nicomedia in 1337 . Orhan gave the command of Nicomedia to his eldest son, Suleyman Pasha, who had directed the operations of the siege. In 1338, Orhan captured Scutari; most of northwest Anatolia was in Ottoman hands. The Byzantines still controlled the coastal strip from Şile on the Black Sea to Scutari and the city of Amastris (now Amasra ) in Paphlagonia, but these were so scattered and isolated as to be no threat to

168-473: A vine into three pieces, which are then planted in the ground. If they sprout, this means the marriage will be successful. In the Eastern Black Sea Region ( Giresun , Trabzon , Rize , Artvin ), it is believed that there is an invisible lace between the feet of those children who have trouble walking when they're young. A lace is tied (usually of cotton) between the feet of the child and the lace

224-542: A monk. Each of these two contestants for power was continually soliciting Orhan's aid against the other, and Orhan supported whichever side would benefit the Ottomans. Orhan was the longest living and one of the longest reigning of the future Ottoman Sultans. In his last years he had left most of the powers of state in the hands of his second son Murad and lived a secluded life in Bursa. In 1356 Orhan and Theodora 's son, Halil ,

280-453: A poetic device had been handed down orally to him and his contemporaries. This strictly oral tradition continued for a long while. As Islamic mystic literature thrived in Anatolia, Yunus Emre became one of its most distinguished poets. The poetry of Yunus Emre — despite being fairly simple on the surface — evidences his skill in describing quite abstruse mystical concepts in a clear way. He remains

336-468: A popular figure in a number of countries, stretching from Azerbaijan to the Balkans , with seven different and widely dispersed localities disputing the privilege of having his tomb within their boundaries. The Epic of Köroglu is a part of Turkish Folk Literature . The legend typically describes a hero who seeks to avenge a wrong. It was often put to music and played at sporting events as an inspiration to

392-577: A series of such raids, the Byzantines had to use superior forces to deal with them. Ibn Battuta gave the following account of Orhan during his reign: The greatest of the kings of the Turcomans and the richest in wealth, lands and military forces. Of fortresses he possesses nearly a hundred, and for most of his time he is continually engaged in making a round of them, staying in each fortress for some days to put it in good order and examine its condition. It

448-422: A severe earthquake and was therefore evacuated by its inhabitants. Suleyman refused various financial inducements offered by John VI to empty the castle and the city. The emperor pleaded with his son-in-law Orhan to meet personally and discuss the matter, but the request was either rejected or could not be carried out due to Orhan's age and ill-health. This military situation remained unresolved, in part because of

504-408: A special wisdom all his own: One day, Nasreddin's neighbor asked him, "Teacher, do you have any forty-year-old vinegar?" —"Yes, I do," answered Nasreddin.—"Can I have some?" asked the neighbor. "I need some to make an ointment with."—"No, you can't have any," answered Nasreddin. "If I gave my forty-year-old vinegar to whoever wanted some, I wouldn't have had it for forty years, would I?" Similar to

560-460: A tree” and a story from 19th century show us that this love comes from very old days. A hunter from Mersin village cut a tree called kragen which was idol of Akcaabat society (since 1940). Then the peasants called the police and said that the hunter cut the Evliya Turkish and Arabic Evliya “Saint”). This event can only be explained with the “paganist” beliefs comes from “ Caucasia ”. At first

616-573: Is believed that oak trees do not worship God because their leaves do not move in the wind as much as those of other trees. Şakir Şevket says that Akçaabat society believed in an idol and worshipped a tree called platana , and that is how the city was given this name. Although the platana ( Platanus orientalis in Latin ) was a plane tree he had confused this tree with the poplar . The words of Lermioglu “today peasants love trees as their children. There were several events which people kill someone for

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672-541: Is cut by the elder child of family. It is believed that once the invisible lace has been cut, the child will walk. In Turkish folklore, ( Trabzon region, Akçaabat town), childless women, cows that don't get pregnant, and children wetting their beds are supposedly cured by passing under a blackberry bush known as "Avat" (west Trabzon). “Avat is believed to be a charm herb of paradise.” In Trabzon and Rize region folklore (Pontic coast of Anatolia ). Desperate patients with incurable diseases are said to have been shown to

728-551: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Turkish folklore#End of Winter Cemre Perhaps the most popular figure in the tradition is Nasreddin, (known as Nasreddin Hoca , or "teacher Nasreddin", in Turkish), who is the central character of thousands of jokes. He generally appears as a person who, though seeming somewhat stupid to those who must deal with him, actually proves to have

784-670: Is elaborately described by Byzantine writers. In the following year, Orhan and Theodora visited his imperial father-in-law at Üsküdar , (then Chrysopolis) the suburb of Constantinople on the Asiatic side of the Bosporus where there was a display of festive splendor. However, this close relationship soured when Byzantines suffered from marauding migrant Turcoman bands that had crossed the Marmara Sea and Dardanelles and pillaged several towns in Thrace. After

840-463: Is said that he has never stayed for a whole month in any one town. He also fights with the infidels continually and keeps them under siege. During Orhan's reign as the Ottoman emir, the Byzantine Empire declined – partly due to the ambitions of Italian maritime states and to the aggression of the Turcomans and other city Turks, but also due to civil wars within the empire. During these years

896-485: Is very common among the Caucasian Abkhaz , Svans and Mingrelians ABS 18. In Black Sea coast of Turkey 's folklore ( Trabzon , Rize , Giresun , Ordu , Artvin , Samsun ) 1. v. To ensure a bridegroom is bewitched and impotent so as to be unable to have sexual intercourse with bride. There are several ways of being tied: A person who wants to impede this marriage, blows into a knot, knots it and puts it on

952-469: The Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357 , Kantakouzenos used Ottoman forces against John V , granting them the use of a European fortress at Çimpe around 1352. A major earthquake devastated Gallipoli (modern Gelibolu ) two years later, after which Orhan's son, Süleyman Pasha , occupied the town , giving the Ottomans a strong bridgehead into mainland Europe. According to Muslim scholar Ibn Battuta , Orhan

1008-594: The Anatolian side of the Dardanelles Straits . With the conquest of Karesi, nearly the whole of northwestern Anatolia was included in the Ottoman Beylik, and the four cities of Bursa, Nicomedia, Nicaea, and Pergamum had become strongholds of its power. At this stage of his conquests, Orhan's Ottoman Principality had four provinces: A twenty-year period of peace followed the acquisition of Karesi. During this time,

1064-537: The Byzantine Empire became so weak that commercial supremacy in the surrounding seas around it became a bone of contention for the Italian maritime commercial city states. The Republic of Genoa possessed Galata , a separate Genoese city across the Golden Horn from Constantinople itself. The Genoese had fought the Byzantines earlier in 1348 when the Byzantines had decreased their customs tariffs in order to attract trade to

1120-567: The Byzantine Empire). In 1329, Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III led a mercenary army to relieve Nicaea and regain Kocaeli. In the ensuing battle of Pelekanon (near Nicomedia, Bithynia. Present day: Maltepe, Turkey), on 10 or 15 June, Orhan's disciplined troops routed the Byzantines. Thereafter Andronikos abandoned the idea of getting Kocaeli back and never again conducted a field battle against Ottoman forces. Nicaea surrendered to Orhan after

1176-621: The Byzantine side of the Golden Horn. In 1352 the rivalry for trade led to a war between Genoa and Venice . The Genoese, in resisting a Venetian fleet attacking their ships in the Golden Horn, bombarded the sea walls of Constantinople and pushed the Byzantines to ally with the Venetians. The Venetians assembled a large naval force, including hired fleets from Peter IV of Aragon and from the Byzantine Empire of John VI Cantacuzene . The sea battle between

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1232-698: The Genoese. In the midst of the distress and confusion that the Byzantine Empire now suffered, Orhan's eldest son, Suleyman Pasha, captured the Castle of Tzympe (Cinbi) in a bold move which gave the Turks a permanent foothold on the European side of the Dardanelles Straits. He also started to settle migrant Turcomans and town-dwelling Turks in the strategic city and castle of Gelibolu ( Gallipoli ), which had been devastated by

1288-478: The Moon on a wooden shovel “If that continues I will put you on a shovel and show you to the moon”(İkizdere town. In Çarşıbaşı district of Trabzon province, weak and scrawny babies have been shown to the Moon on a shovel and said: “moon! moon! Take him!, or cure him”. In this tradition, which is a sequel to the paganist beliefs before the monotheist religions, the Moon cures the patient or takes his/her life. Moon worship

1344-553: The Nasreddin jokes, and arising from a similar religious milieu, are the Bektashi jokes, in which the members of the Bektashi religious order —represented through a character simply named Bektaşi —are depicted as having an unusual and unorthodox wisdom, one that often challenges the values of Islam and of society. Another popular element of Turkish folklore is the shadow theater centered on

1400-528: The Ottoman dynasty. He organised for the Ottoman Beylik a standing army of regularly paid and disciplined infantry and horses, a full century before Charles VII of France established his fifteen permanent companies of men-at-arms, which are generally regarded as the first modern standing army. Orhan's predecessors, Ertuğrul and Osman I , had made war at the head of the armed vassals and volunteers. This army rode on horseback to their prince's banner when summoned for each expedition, and were disbanded as soon as

1456-492: The Ottoman forces permanently to his interests, and hoped to achieve this by giving his second daughter, Theodora , in marriage to their ruler, despite differences of creed and the disparity of age. However, in Byzantine and in Western European history, dynastic marriages were quite usual and there are many examples which were much more strange. The splendour of the wedding between Orhan and Theodora at Selymbria ( Silivri )

1512-508: The Ottoman power experienced a twenty-year period of general repose. However, as the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 dissipated the last resources of the Byzantine Empire, the auxiliary armies of the Emirs of Turkish principalities were frequently called over and employed in Europe. In 1346, Emperor John VI Cantacuzene recognised Orhan as the most powerful sovereign of the Turks. He aspired to attach

1568-504: The Ottoman sovereign was actively occupied in perfecting the civil and military institutions which his brother had introduced, in securing internal order, in founding and endowing mosques and schools, and in the construction of vast public edifices, many of which still stand. Orhan did not continue with any other conquests in Anatolia except taking over Ankara from the commercial-religious fraternity guild of Ahis. The general diffusion of Turkish populations over Anatolia, before Osman's time,

1624-411: The Ottomans. In 1345, there was a change of strategy. Instead of aiming to gain land from non-Muslims, Orhan took over a Turkish principality, Karesi (present Balıkesir and surroundings). According to Islamic philosophy of war, the areas under Islamic rule were to be abodes of peace and the other areas abodes of war . Conducting a war in abodes of war was considered a good deed. Karesi principality

1680-690: The Sea of Marmara. Then, he captured Bursa by persuading its Byzantine commander to defect. As Evrenos Bey , he became a commander of light cavalry, and he and his sons and grandsons led Ottoman troops in the Balkans. Once Bursa was captured, Orhan sent cavalry towards the Bosphorus, capturing Byzantine towns on the Marmara coast. There were even sightings of Ottoman light cavalry along the Bosphorus coast, and Ottoman forces laid siege to Nicaea (second only to Constantinople in

1736-495: The Venetian fleet under the command of Niccolo Pisani and the Genoese fleet under Paganino Doria led to defeat of Venetians and their Byzantine allies. Orhan opposed the Venetians, whose fleets and piratical raids were disrupting his seaward provinces, and who had met his diplomatic overtures with contempt. The Venetians were allies of John VI, so Orhan sent an auxiliary force across the straits to Galata, which there co-operated with

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1792-456: The agreement, John V with a Byzantine naval fleet went to Phocaea, paid the ransom demanded of 100,000 hyperpyra , and brought Halil back to Ottoman territory. In 1357 Orhan's eldest and most experienced son and likely heir, Suleyman Pasha, died after injuries sustained from a fall from a horse near Bolayir on the coast of the sea of Marmara. The horse that Suleyman fell from was buried alongside him and their tombs can still be seen today. Orhan

1848-457: The branches are praying”. Cemre are three fireballs that come from the heavens to warm earth at the end of each winter. Each cemre warms one aspect of the nature. The first cemre falls to air between February 19–20. The second cemre falls to water between February 26–27. The third cemre falls to ground between 5–6 March. Orhan I Orhan Ghazi ( Ottoman Turkish : اورخان غازی ; Turkish : Orhan Gazi , also spelled Orkhan ; died 1362)

1904-446: The bride or uses other sorceries. However, it is also deemed a way of being tied if the bride nails, knots or locks a door with a key before the marriage. “While going to the house of the bridegroom, way is always changed and the unlooked-for ways are followed to be saved from tie sorceries that could have been buried in the way” 2. n. To tie the animals such as wolves and bears that harm the flock and named monster, and swine that damages

1960-521: The campaign was over. Alaeddin determined to ensure any future success by forming a corps of paid infantry, which was to be kept in constant readiness for service. These troops were called Yaya , or piyade. They were divided into tens, hundreds, and thousands with their commanders. Their pay was high, and their pride soon caused their sovereign some anxiety. Orhan wished to provide a check to them, and he took counsel for this purpose with his brother Alaeddin and Kara Khalil Çandarlı (of House of Candar), who

2016-448: The competing athletes. Köroglu is the main hero of epic that tells about the life and heroic deeds of Köroglu as a hero of the people who struggled against unjust rulers. The epic combines the occasional romance with Robin Hood -like chivalry. In Çarşıbaşı town, near Trabzon , there is a way of testing whether a marriage is propitious: when the new bride enters the house, she is asked to break

2072-425: The conquered would induce other people to enlist: their friends and relations, who would come as volunteers to join the Ottoman ranks. Acting on this advice, Orhan selected a thousand of the finest boys from conquered Christian families. The recruits were trained according to their individual abilities, and employed in posts ranging from professional soldier to Grand Vizier . This practice continued for centuries, until

2128-478: The crop. Generally, an amulet is prepared by a hodja and buried in the places where the flock grazes or in the corner of sown field. 3. n. To increase the amount and quality of meadow before the hay-making time, water is brought to the meadows in the plateaus in thin directions from rivers by the arcs. This process is called as to connect water. According to the folklore of Trabzon , the swinging of tree branches and fluttering of their leaves symbolise worship. It

2184-587: The early 14th century CE. The two workers supposedly spent much of their time entertaining the other workers, and were so funny and popular that they interfered with work on the palace, and were subsequently put to death. Yunus Emre was a Turkish folk poet and Sufi mystic who influenced Turkish culture. Like the Oghuz Book of Dede Korkut , an older and anonymous Central Asian epic, the Turkish folklore that inspired Yunus Emre in his occasional use of tekerlemeler as

2240-518: The empire should not be divided. He only accepted as his share the revenues of a single village near Bursa . According to some authorities, it was in Alaeddin's time, and by his advice, that the Ottomans ceased acting like vassals to the Seljuk ruler: they no longer stamped money with his image or used his name in public prayers. These changes are attributed by others to Osman himself, but the vast majority of

2296-462: The eruption of hostilities between John VI and his co-emperor and son-in-law John V Palaeologus. John V was dismissed from his imperial post and exiled to Tenedos ; Cantacuzene's son Matthew was crowned as the co-emperor. But very soon John V returned from exile with Venetian help and conducted a coup, taking over the government of Constantinople. Although the two men came to an agreement to share power, John VI resigned from his imperial post and became

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2352-538: The lands of the Karasids of Balıkesir and the Ahis of Ankara . A series of civil wars surrounding the ascension of the nine-year-old Byzantine emperor John V Palaiologos greatly benefited Orhan. In the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 , the regent John VI Kantakouzenos married his daughter Theodora to Orhan and employed Ottoman warriors against the rival forces of the empress dowager , allowing them to loot Thrace . In

2408-518: The oriental writers concur in attributing to Alaeddin the introduction of laws respecting the costume of the various subjects of the empire, and the creation and funding of a standing army of regular troops. It was by his advice and that of a contemporary Turkish statesman that the celebrated corps of Janissaries was formed, an institution which European writers erroneously fix at a later date, and ascribe to Murad I . Alaeddin, by his military legislation, may be truly said to have organized victory for

2464-628: The police understood that the hunter killed a man called Evliya (Saint) but later they saw that the “saint” was a tree so they let the hunter go. It was an example of Colchis culture that can be seen today which was mixed with Islam in Trabzon under the name of saint and common before one God religions that people used to believe in nature. It is possible to see same things in Hemsheen region of Rize “the branches are praying three days before and during bairam , so we do not cut live branches during bairam,

2520-461: The reign of Sultan Mehmed IV . Orhan invaded Byzantine territories in northwest Anatolia. First, in 1321, Orhan captured Mudanya , the port linking the city of Bursa to the Sea of Marmara coast. He then sent a column under Konur Alp towards the west Black Sea coast; another column under Akça Koca to capture Kocaeli , and finally a column under Abdurrahman Ghazi to capture the southeast coast of

2576-486: The responsibility of the conqueror, who is the lawful ruler of them, of their lands, of their goods, of their wives, and of their children. We have a right to do, same as what we do with our own; and the treatment which I propose is not only lawful, but benevolent. By enforcing the enrolling them in the ranks of the army, we consult both their temporal and eternal interests, as they will be educated and given better life conditions. He also claimed that incorporating children of

2632-524: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Cemre . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cemre&oldid=1166808669 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Turkish feminine given names Feminine given names Hidden categories: Short description

2688-484: The third and last cemre falls on the earth (the frozen soil melts). A popular Turkish girl's name. Cemre, Kaş : A village in southern Turkey . People [ edit ] Cemre Baysel (born 1999), Turkish actress Cemre Erol (born 1992), Turkish volleyball player Cemre Fere (born 1994), Turkish badminton player Cemre Kendirci (born 2004), Turkish artistic gymnast Betül Cemre Yıldız (born 1989), Turkish chess player Topics referred to by

2744-456: The two characters of Karagöz and Hacivat, who both represent stock characters : Karagöz—who hails from a small village—is something of a country bumpkin, while Hacivat is a more sophisticated city-dweller. Popular legend has it that the two characters are actually based on two real persons who worked for Orhan I —the son of founder of the Ottoman dynasty —in the construction of a mosque at Bursa in

2800-466: Was "the greatest of the Turcoman kings and the richest in wealth, lands, and military forces". Osman Gazi died in either 1323 or 1324, and Orhan succeeded him. According to Ottoman tradition, when Orhan succeeded his father, he proposed to his brother, Alaeddin , that they should share the emerging empire. The latter refused on the grounds that their father had designated Orhan as sole successor, and that

2856-436: Was a state governed by a Turkish emir and its main inhabitants were Turkish so it was an abode of peace . The Ottomans had to have special justification for conquering fellow Muslim Turkish principalities. In the case of Karesi, the ruler had died and had left two sons whose claims to the post of emir were equally valid. So there was a fight between the armed supporters of the two claimant princes. Orhan's pretext for invasion

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2912-507: Was abducted somewhere on the Bay of Izmit. A Genoese commercial boat captain, which was conducting acts of piracy alongside commercial activity, was able to capture the young prince and take him over to Phocaea on the Aegean Sea, which was under Genoese rule. Orhan was very much upset by this kidnapping and conducted talks with his brother-in-law and now sole Byzantine Emperor John V Palaeologos. As to

2968-515: Was connected with the royal house by marriage. Çandarlı laid before his master and the vizier a project. Out of this arose the renowned corps of Janissaries, which was considered the scourge of the Balkans and Central Europe for a long time, until it was abolished by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826. Çandarlı proposed to Orhan to create the Janissary corps, an army entirely composed of the children of conquered places. Çandarlı argued that: The conquered are

3024-750: Was in main part a push from the Mongol conquest of Central Asia, Iran and then East Anatolia. Turkish peoples had founded a number of principalities after the demise of the Anatolian Sultanate of Rum , after its defeat by the Ilkhanate Mongols. Although they were all of Turkish stock, they were all rivals for dominant status in Anatolia. After the Byzantine defeat of the Battle of Pelekanon , Orhan developed friendly relations with Andronicus III Palaeologus , and maintained them with some of his successors. Therefore,

3080-417: Was that he was acting as a bringer of peace. In the end of the invasion by Ottoman troops the two brothers were pushed to the castle of their capital city of Pergamum (now Bergama ). One was killed and the other was captured. The territories around Pergamum and Palaeocastro ( Balıkesir ) were annexed to Orhan's domains. This conquest was particularly important since it brought Orhan's territories to Çanakkale ,

3136-596: Was the second sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1323/4 to 1362. He was born in Söğüt , as the son of Osman I . In the early stages of his reign, Orhan focused his energies on conquering most of northwestern Anatolia . The majority of these areas were under Byzantine rule and he won his first battle at Pelekanon against the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos . Orhan also occupied

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