77-482: Baroona Hall is a heritage-listed community hall at 15–17 Caxton Street , Petrie Terrace , City of Brisbane , Queensland , Australia. It was designed by Richard Gailey and built from 1883 to 1884 by James Stuart Martin. It is also known as Caxton Street Hall , Josephsons Clothing Factory, and United Brothers Lodge. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992. Baroona Hall
154-600: A Presbyterian minister, joined the Extension Department at the University of Wisconsin–Madison , organizing the Wisconsin Bureau of Civic and Social Development . By 1911 they organized a country-wide conference on schools as social centers. Despite concerns expressed by politicians and public officials that they might provide a focus for alternative political and social activity, the idea was successful. In 1916, with
231-618: A Spanish explorer may have sighted the Queensland coast at the tip of Cape York. In that year, he had sailed the Torres Strait , the body of water now named after him. In 1768, the French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville sailed west from the New Hebrides islands, getting to within a hundred miles of the Queensland coast. He did not reach the coast because he did not find a passage through
308-428: A governor appointed by The Crown . By this time, Western Australia was the only Australian colony without a responsible government. Ipswich and Rockhampton became towns in 1860, with Maryborough and Warwick becoming towns the following year. In 1861, rescue parties for Burke and Wills , which failed to find them, did some exploratory work of their own, in central and north-western Queensland. Notably among these
385-641: A government/church or to the local subdivision of it. In addition to these models, community centres are also run by humanitarian organizations and the national societies of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement . These centres serve as hubs for providing humanitarian aid, offering services such as psychosocial support (MHPSS), socio-economic development programs, social cohesion activities, and protection services for vulnerable populations, including refugees and migrants. These community centres are vital in crisis contexts, facilitating recovery and resilience by addressing
462-460: A hall. The sum of £ 1800 was borrowed towards the cost of construction which amounted to £ 1850. Together with furniture and regalia, the total cost was approximately £ 2400. The building was designed by Richard Gailey and constructed by James Stuart Martin, a leading member of the lodge. Construction began in 1883, and the opening was celebrated in February 1884. The design incorporated two shops in
539-479: A larger pre-contact indigenous population than any other colony in Australia, accounting for over one third, and in some estimates close to forty percent, of the entire pre-contact population of the continent. The latest and hitherto most comprehensive survey estimates that some 1,500 European settlers – and their Chinese, Aboriginal and Melanesian allies – died in frontier skirmishes with Aboriginals in Queensland during
616-570: A major part in her concept of community development and democracy seen through individuals organizing themselves into neighborhood groups, and attending to people's needs, desires and aspirations. This can also include parks. In the United Kingdom, the oldest community centre is possibly that which was established in 1901 in Thringstone , Leicestershire by the old age pensions pioneer, Charles Booth (1847-1916). Extended in 1911 and taken over by
693-515: A pearling fleet in Princess Charlotte Bay . The cyclone claimed the lives of around 400 people, making it Queensland's worst maritime disaster. During the 1890s many workers known as the Kanakas were brought to Queensland from neighbouring Pacific Island nations to work in the sugar cane fields. Some of whom had been kidnapped or coerced under a process known as blackbirding . When Australia
770-518: A series of referendums, the six Australian colonies including Queensland federated to form Australia as a nation. Certain powers previously exercised by the Queensland Government were ceded to the federal government under the Constitution of Australia . At this time Queensland had a population of half a million people. Federation was a considerable economic shock to Queensland, which had
847-490: Is a more realistic figure. The "Native Police Force" (sometimes "Native Mounted Police Force"), recruited and deployed by the Queensland government, was allegedly involved in the oppression, dispossession and murder of indigenous people during this period. The three largest massacres of whites by Aboriginals in Australian colonial history all took place in Queensland. On 27 October 1857 Martha Fraser's Hornet Bank station on
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#1733085467809924-568: Is a public location where members of a community gather for group activities, social support, public information, and other purposes. They may be open for the whole community or for a specialized subgroup within the greater community. Community centres can be religious in nature, such as Christian churches , Islamic mosques , Jewish synagogues , Hindu temples , or Buddhist temples ; though they can also be secular and in some cases government-run, such as youth clubs or Leisure centres . The community centres are usually used for: Around
1001-547: Is a two-storey brick hall constructed in 1884 to a design by Richard Gailey for the United Brothers Lodge of the Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows . The building reflects the need for larger premises as membership increases and the desire of the organisation to convey a sense of permanence and stability to its members. Oddfellows societies were established in 17th century England after
1078-473: Is also an uncommon example of a cement rendered building which is unpainted, and also of surviving 1950s style signage to the awning. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The hall demonstrates the principal characteristics of an Oddfellows Hall, including symbols of the society and the division of space into hall, gallery, stage and lodge room. The inclusion of retail premises in front of
1155-501: Is also another reason. History of Queensland The history of Queensland encompasses both a long Aboriginal Australian presence as well as the more recent periods of European colonisation and as a state of Australia . Before being charted and claimed for the Kingdom of Great Britain by Lieutenant James Cook in 1770, the coast of north-eastern Australia was explored by Dutch and French navigators. Queensland separated from
1232-476: Is also associated with Brisbane architect, Richard Gailey as an example of his work. Gailey was a prolific architect who designed many notable commercial and residential buildings. He also designed other society halls, including an Oddfellows Hall in Fortitude Valley and a Masonic Hall at Toowong. [REDACTED] This Misplaced Pages article was originally based on "The Queensland heritage register" published by
1309-453: Is estimated to have lasted for over 10,000 years. As the temperature rose, the land bridges from Southeast Asia to Tasmania were reclaimed by the sea. About 15,000 years ago, global temperatures warmed and rainfall increased along the eastern coast of Australia. The inland of Queensland, also receiving rainfall, again became habitable. Coastal lands decreased due to rising sea levels and tropical rain forests spread. The Kalkadoon people of
1386-466: Is horizontal in the centre and follows the slope of the roof line at the sides. The boarding has been covered with sound proofing materials and is obscured by air conditioning ducts and light and sound apparatus. A new stage on a number of levels is constructed over new toilets at the rear of the hall, and a bar with a mezzanine level above is located along the Cathie Street side. Stairs, possibly with
1463-453: Is liable to increase if the results of the first attempt to use extensive primary sources to calculate the Aboriginal casualties due to violence on the Queensland frontier in this period is used. A paper prepared by Raymond Evans and Robert Ørsted-Jensen for the annual AHA conference at the University of Queensland on 9 July 2014 indicated that a minimum figure of 65,000 Aboriginal casualties
1540-411: Is located to one side of the central pillar. The remaining space has been boarded up. A curved corrugated iron awning is located over the footpath, supported by three timber posts. Above the awning, the facade is symmetrically arranged, with central and end pilasters . Within the bays on either side of the central pilaster are pairs of semi circular arched windows. Above this section is a panel running
1617-403: Is uncertain. The number may have been between 200,000 and 500,000 people. Numbers may have decreased at times of epidemics like smallpox . Rough calculations of the population can be made from the knowledge that Queensland supported 34.2 per cent of the total number of tribes in Australia and from the knowledge that 35 to 39 per cent of Australian indigenous people lived in Queensland. Queensland
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#17330854678091694-571: The Brisbane River inundated the centre of town, in April, fires devastated the west side of Queen Street , which was the main shopping district and in December, another fire, which was Brisbane's worst ever, wiped out the rest of Queen Street and adjoining streets. 1865 saw the first steam trains in Queensland , travelling (from Ipswich to Bigge's Camp, which is now known as Grandchester ). Townsville
1771-531: The Brisbane River whose existence Cook had predicted and proceeded to explore the lower part of it. In September 1824, he returned with soldiers and established a temporary settlement at Redcliffe . On 2 December, the Moreton Bay penal settlement was transferred to where the Central Business District (CBD) of Brisbane now stands. The settlement was initially called Edenglassie , a portmanteau of
1848-454: The Colony of New South Wales as a self-governing Crown colony in 1859. In 1901 it became one of the six founding states of Australia . Established theories estimate that between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago, humans first arrived in Australia – although some theories suggest this figure to be much higher. They are thought to have arrived either by boat or by land bridge . The most likely route
1925-624: The Dawson River , in central Queensland took the lives of 11 Europeans. The tent camp of the embryo station of Cullin-La-Ringo near Springsure was attacked by Aboriginals on 17 October 1861, killing 19 people including the grazier Horatio Wills . Following the wreck of the brig Maria at Bramble Reef near the Whitsunday Islands , on 26 February 1872, a total of 14 European survivors were massacred by local Aboriginals. The Battle of One Tree Hill and Darkey Flat Massacre also took place in
2002-550: The Glass House Mountains , Double Island Point, Wide Bay, Hervey Bay and the Great Sandy Cape, now called Fraser Island . His second landfall in Australia was at Round Hill Head, 500 km (310 mi) north of Brisbane . Endeavour was grounded on a coral reef near Cape Tribulation, on 11 June 1770 where he was delayed for almost seven weeks while they repaired the ship. This occurred where Cooktown now lies, on
2079-595: The Great Shearers' Strike at Barcaldine lead to the formation of the Australian Labor Party . The issue in the strike was whether employers were entitled to use non-union labour. There were troops and police called in, some sheds were fired, and there were mass riots. There was a second shearers' strike in 1894. Union-sponsored candidates won sixteen seats at the Queensland elections in 1893. The 1893 Brisbane flood caused much destruction including destroying
2156-678: The Leicestershire County Council in 1950, this centre still thrives as an educational, social and recreational community resource and was the inspiration for numerous others of its kind. There are also community centres for a specific purpose, but serving the whole community, such as an arts centre . Online community centres are defined as a web-based interactive, user-submitted network for groups, organizations, or businesses. Users create their own personal profiles, blogs, groups, photos, art, calendars, music, and videos to display on their own pages. Administrators provide oversight to
2233-549: The State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014). [REDACTED] Media related to Baroona Hall at Wikimedia Commons Community hall A community centre , community center , or community hall
2310-554: The Victoria Bridge . The land where the Brisbane Cricket Ground now sits was first used as a cricket ground in 1895, with the first cricket match played there in December 1896. In 1897, Native (Aboriginal) Police force disbanded. In 1897, Queensland passed legislation to appoint the first Chief Protector of Aboriginals in the state. In 1899, the world's first Labor government, with Premier Anderson Dawson as
2387-458: The 1840s. Green: Territory of Papua (annexed by Queensland in 1883) In 1851, a public meeting was held to consider Queensland's separation from New South Wales. On 6 June 1859 Queen Victoria signed letters patent to form the colony of Queensland. A proclamation was read by George Bowen on 10 December 1859 whereupon Queensland was formally separated from New South Wales. Bowen became the first Governor of Queensland and Robert Herbert became
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2464-802: The British government). On 2 June 1883, the decision to form a rugby union association was made at the Exchange hotel in Brisbane. In 1883, Queensland's population passed the 250,000 mark. 1887, the Brisbane- Wallangarra railway line was opened, and in 1888 there was a 483-mile (777 km) line opened between Brisbane and Charleville . There were other lines that were nearly complete from Rockhampton to Longreach , and others being constructed around Maryborough, Mackay and Townsville. By 1888, there were more than 5 million cattle in Queensland. 1891 saw
2541-607: The Defence Department Stationer and a hairdresser. It was then vacant again until 1949, when one shop was let by a tailor and the remainder of the building was occupied as the Baroona Labour Hall. The building has also been utilised as a Sunday Market, and the lodge room was used by the Caxton Street Legal Services from 1976. At some stage by 1980, one of the shops was converted into the entrance to
2618-618: The Endeavour River, both places named after the incident. On 22 August Endeavour reached the northern tip of Queensland, which Cook named the Cape York Peninsula after the Duke of York . In 1799, in Norfolk , Matthew Flinders spent six weeks exploring the Queensland coast as far north as Hervey Bay. In 1802 he explored the coast again. On a later trip to England, his ship HMS Porpoise and
2695-484: The Oddfellows, including a dove and hands shaking. The elevation to Cathie Street is exposed face brick, with a series of circular and semi circular arched windows. The first three (a small semi circular arched window and two circular windows) are located above three doors with semi circular arched brick headers, of which the central one has been bricked in. Four elongated semi circular arched windows are evenly spaced along
2772-493: The Scottish towns Edinburgh and Glasgow . Major Edmund Lockyer discovered outcrops of coal along the banks of the upper Brisbane River in 1825. In 1839, transportation of convicts ceased, culminating in the closure of the Brisbane penal settlement. In 1842, a free settlement was permitted. In the same year, Andrew Petrie reported favourable grazing conditions and decent forests to the north of Brisbane, which led shortly to
2849-500: The UK many villages and towns have their own Community Centre, although nearby schools may offer their assembly or dining hall after school for Community Centre activities. For example, local schools near Ouston, County Durham may host dance or sporting activities provided by a local community centre. Parks are also considered community centers. Another pioneer of community centers was Mary Parker Follett , who saw community centers as playing
2926-465: The accompanying Cato ran aground on a coral reef off the Queensland coast. Flinders set off for Sydney in an open cutter , at a distance of 750 miles (1,210 km), where the Governor sent ships back to rescue the crew from Wreck Reef. In 1823, John Oxley sailed north from Sydney to inspect Port Curtis (now Gladstone ) and Moreton Bay as possible sites for a penal colony. At Moreton Bay, he found
3003-522: The annual output of sugar was 60,000 tons. 1871 saw George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby become the Governor of Queensland. The first record of a rugby match played in Queensland occurred in 1876. In 1877, Arthur Edward Kennedy became the Governor of Queensland. The first meat processed in the state occurred at Queensport along the Brisbane River in 1881. In 1883, Queensland Premier Sir Thomas McIlwraith annexes Papua (later repudiated by
3080-661: The arrival of settlers to Fraser Island and the Cooloola coast region. In 1847, the Port of Maryborough was opened as a wool port. The first immigrant ship to arrive in Moreton Bay was the Artemisia in 1848. In 1857, Queensland's first lighthouse was built at Cape Moreton . Fighting between Aboriginals and settlers in colonial Queensland was more bloody than in any other colonial state in Australia, perhaps partly due to Queensland having
3157-529: The community for entertainments, lectures and public and political meetings. There are three orders of Oddfellows, the largest of which is the Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows (MUIOOF). This Order was first established in 1813 in Manchester, spreading rapidly through the industrial north of England and then throughout the whole country. The first Oddfellows lodge in Australia
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3234-620: The community, including past and present members of the United Brothers Lodge, and with community groups who used the hall such as the Caxton Street Legal Service. It also has special association with the Australian Labour Party, who used the hall as their branch headquarters from the mid 1940s and are still the owners. The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history. Baroona Hall
3311-450: The content and approve membership of users. In Singapore , community centres are distinct buildings that are officially designated by the government of Singapore . They are meant to play an urban planning role especially as part of Housing Development Board projects. Enrichment and grassroots organization are their functions like most other community centres, but relieving traffic congestion concerns by placing community centres nearby
3388-474: The coral reefs, and turned back. Lieutenant James Cook wrote that he claimed the east coast for King George III of the Kingdom of Great Britain on 22 August 1770 when standing on Possession Island off the west coast of Cape York Peninsula , naming eastern Australia "New South Wales". This included the present Queensland. Cook charted the Australian east coast in his ship HM Barque Endeavour , naming Stradbroke and Morton (now Moreton Island ) islands,
3465-420: The demise of the medieval guilds left the working classes completely unprotected in the advent of illness or injury. This led to the formation of friendly societies who banded together to provide, by their own exertions and from their own slender resources, some of the medical and other essential services they lacked. Halls were often constructed by the societies, both as a venue for society meetings, and for use by
3542-417: The design of many substantial buildings, both commercial and residential, as well as other society halls including an Oddfellows Hall at Fortitude Valley and a Masonic Hall at Toowong . The hall was utilised by the lodge and the community for a number of years and the shops were continually occupied by a number of small businesses including bakers, stationers, hairdressers, bootmakers and drapers. However,
3619-507: The economic downturn of the 1890s severely overstretched the resources of the lodge, forcing the society to lease the premises to a commercial tenant. In 1918, the hall was leased to Isidor Josephson, a clothing manufacturer. Josephson entered the clothing business in Brisbane at the age of 21, and built a substantial business which eventually extended to most other states. His factory premises at Caxton Street were used as an example of bright, airy factories, fitted with machinery which enlightens
3696-471: The first Premier of Queensland . The young colony was keen to fill its treasury. Seeing the gold rushes and their effects in Victoria and New South Wales, the government of Queensland offered significant rewards to anyone discovering payable gold deposits. Queensland was the only Australian colony that commenced immediately with its own parliament ( responsible government ), instead of first spending time with
3773-616: The foundation of the National Community Center Association, the term Community Center was generally used in the US. By 1918 there were community centers in 107 US cities, and in 240 cities by 1924. By 1930 there were nearly 500 centers with more than four million people regularly attending. The first of these was Public School 63, located in the Lower East Side . Clinton Child's , one of the organizers, described it as: In
3850-421: The front and one storey at the rear. Located within a row of 19th century buildings, it has a dominant streetscape presence. The two-storey building has a rendered facade with remnants of paint in some areas and a shop and entrance to the hall at street level. The building is divided by central and end pillars, two of which have had the tiles and render removed to expose badly damaged bricks. The shop, of which
3927-467: The front of the building with a hall at the rear, which was entered from the lane at the side of the building. The hall featured a stage and a gallery, with a lodge room and ante room above the shops. Richard Gailey, the architect, was one of Queensland's most prolific architects. Born in Ireland in 1834, he emigrated to Australia in 1864. Referred to as the doyen of Brisbane's architects, he is responsible for
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#17330854678094004-522: The goldfields, by 1877 there were 17,000 Chinese in Queensland gold fields. In that year, restrictions on Chinese immigration were passed. 1862 saw Queensland's western boundary change from longitude 141° E to 138°E. In 1863, the first Chief Justice , Sir James Cockle was appointed. On 25 November 1863, the Presbyterian Church of Queensland was officially established. 1864 was a bad year for Brisbane. In March of that year, major flooding of
4081-512: The hall was also a relatively common feature of community halls. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. Baroona Hall has substantial aesthetic significance, both individually, and as part of the streetscape. This is contributed to by the high degree of design, workmanship and materials. The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. The hall has special association with many members of
4158-409: The hall. Baroona Labor Hall was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. Baroona Hall was constructed between 1883 and 1884 by the United Brothers Lodge, Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows. The lodge was established in 1873, to meet
4235-399: The hall. In the late 1980s, the hall was converted for use as a nightclub, and although it has changed hands and images a number of times, it remains in this use. Baroona Hall is located at the corner of Caxton and Cathie Streets. Constructed of face brick, with a cement rendered front facade and neo-classical detailing, it is located on a sloping site, resulting in it being two storeys at
4312-460: The inland central gulf region dug wells 10m deep to maintain their supply of freshwater. From 10,000 years until European arrival, despite the favourable warmer climate, humans were unable to develop either agriculture or animal husbandry due to the lack of domesticable cereal plants or suitable animals. When James Cook explored and charted the east coast of Australia in 1770–1772 he was able to navigate close to shore in shallow water as HMB Endeavour
4389-731: The labour (in Barton's Jubilee History of Queensland (1909)). The lodge continued to meet upstairs until 1916 when they moved to the BAFS Dispensary in George Street . The society sold the Caxton Street hall in 1928; however Josephson remained as tenant until 1936 when he moved to new premises in Roma Street. The building remained vacant until the Second World War when it was occupied by
4466-508: The leader, was elected into power only to last one week. In July 1899 Queensland offered to send a force of 250 mounted infantry to help Britain in the Second Boer War (Second Anglo-Boer War). Also in that year, gold production at Charters Towers peaked. The first natural gas find in Queensland and Australia was at Roma in 1900 as a team was drilling a water well. The Mahina Cyclone of 1899 strikes Cape York Peninsula, destroying
4543-485: The most restrictive tariff policy on the eve of the formation of Commonwealth customs union. Free trade with other states led to an influx of manufactured imports from New South Wales and Victoria, resulting in a contraction of employment within Queensland's less competitive manufacturing sector. The Trackson was an Australian automobile built in Brisbane. In 1901, the Chillagoe smelters commenced operations. Brisbane
4620-443: The needs of a large working class population without protection against injury, illness or other hardships. The construction of the hall demonstrates the pattern of Queensland's history by being representative of the considerable and necessary service supplied by Friendly Societies in the 19th and early 20th century community. The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage. The building
4697-469: The nineteenth century. The same study indicates that the number of casualties Aboriginal people suffered in these battles with settlers and native police (frequently described by contemporary political leaders and newspapers as "warfare", "a kind of warfare", "guerrilla-like warfare", and at times as a "war of extermination") is highly likely to have exceeded 30,000. (That is a tripling of the hitherto used minimum estimates for Queensland.) Yet even this figure
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#17330854678094774-422: The original timber balustrading lead to the former lodge room from the entrance area. Original doors are located at each end of the wall facing the mezzanine level, with a chimney breast centrally positioned in the same wall. The room has plastered walls and a new tongue and groove boarded ceiling. A bar is located on either side of the wall at the Cathie Street end. Original joinery details survive in most parts of
4851-425: The remainder of the elevation. These align with identical windows on the opposite elevation, which are currently boarded up. The rear of the building is one storey high. It comprises a gable end with a central door flanked by two semi-circular arched windows. The windows are boarded up and obscured by a new brick toilet block. The roof is newly sheeted in galvanised iron, with two decorative ventilators located along
4928-417: The ridge. A chimney is evident towards the front of the building. Internally, the new entrance leads to a set of stairs which access the main hall. The walls are plastered and painted, with a shadow line at dado height, which steps up around the location of the original stage. New timber floor boards have been laid over the original boards. The ceiling is of tongue and groove boarding with iron tie rods and
5005-515: The social and emotional needs of affected individuals. The community centres typically have their own origin and history. There are some examples: Early forms of community centers in the United States were based in schools providing facilities to inner city communities out of school hours. An early celebrated example of this is to be found in Rochester , New York from 1907. Edward J. Ward ,
5082-412: The tenant is a tailor, is located on the side nearest Cathie Street. It has a central recessed entrance, with steel framed display windows on either side. There appears to have been few alterations internally. Signage for the store follows the tradition of hand painted signage on the front and end elevations of the awning . The other side of the front elevation incorporates the entrance to the hall, which
5159-464: The width of the building with the words UNITED BROTHERS LODGE in relief. This is capped with a stone entablature below a parapet featuring an open circular pattern. The parapet is divided by short pedestals surmounted by substantial finials. Between these are two pediments with decorative scrollwork and the badly weathered letters MUI on one and OOF on the other. The uppermost part of the pediments have circular elements featuring symbolic elements of
5236-464: The world (and sometimes within single countries) there appear to be four common ways in which the operation of the kind of community centre are owned and organised. In the following description, " Government " may refer to the ordinary secular government or to a dominant religious organisation such as the Roman Catholic Church; and it may refer to the central, national, or international branch of
5313-412: Was Frederick Walker who originally worked for the native police. Brisbane was linked by electric telegraph to Sydney in 1861, however, the first operating telegraph line in Queensland was from Brisbane to Ipswich in the same year. Although smaller than the gold rushes of Victoria and New South Wales, Queensland had its own series of gold rushes in the later half of the nineteenth century. In 1858, gold
5390-612: Was discovered at Canoona , creating the short-lived Canoona gold rush. In 1867, gold was discovered in Gympie . James Nash 's find was invaluable to the nascent Queensland colony, saving it from bankruptcy. Richard Daintree 's explorations in North Queensland led to several goldfields being developed in the late 1860s. In 1872, William Hann discovered gold on the Palmer River , southwest of Cooktown. Chinese settlers began to arrive in
5467-641: Was established by eleven Brisbane men in 1873. The inaugural meeting was held in the Lennenberg Hotel in Queen Street , and subsequent meetings were held at the Baptist Hall. Many of the foundation members were employed at Smellies Foundry, and others included draymen, wood carvers, and coachmen. In 1878, the lodge purchased land in Caxton Street for £ 257 and due to increases in membership, decided to erect
5544-617: Was federated in 1901, the White Australia policy came into effect, whereby all foreign workers in Australia were deported under the Pacific Island Labourers Act of 1901 . At this time there were between 7,000 and 10,000 Pacific Islanders living in Queensland. Most of them had been deported by 1908, by which time there were only 1500–2500 remaining. April 1900 saw the bubonic plague enter Queensland at Rockhampton, where it persisted until 1909. On 1 January 1901, following
5621-447: Was flat-bottomed, so he and the other scientists on board had plenty of time to examine the land through telescopes whilst depths were taken every few metres for the charts, but they reported they saw no evidence of either agriculture or permanent structures, which caused them to believe the people were nomads and therefore the land was "Terra Nullius" or without owners. The peak Indigenous population in Queensland prior to European arrival
5698-833: Was formed in 1840 in Sydney by C M Crighton who was previously a brother of a lodge in Manchester. On 21 August 1847, an advertisement was placed in the Brisbane Courier to those residents who may be desirous of becoming members of the Society of Oddfellows proposed to be established in Brisbane . A lodge was subsequently formed and by 1874, there were twenty two lodges throughout Queensland. Prior to this date, Queensland lodges had been managed as branches of New South Wales lodges; however in 1874, they were granted separation. The Loyal United Brothers Lodge, Manchester Unity Independent Order of Oddfellows
5775-451: Was from Southeast Asia across the Torres Strait . During the initial ten thousand years, these people and their descendants are thought to have traveled over much of the continent. Around 25,000 years ago, the ice age began with a rapid drop in the temperature of the Earth of eight degrees. Food was difficult to find and this led to the origin of seed-grinding technology. This climate change
5852-484: Was gazetted as a town in the same year. In 1867, the Constitution of Queensland was consolidated from existing legislation under the Constitution Act 1867 . Sugar production was by then becoming a major industry. In 1867, six mills produced 168 tons of cane sugar, by 1870 there were 28 mills with a production of 2,854 tons. The production of sugar started around Brisbane but spread to Mackay and Cairns , and by 1888
5929-466: Was the most densely populated region of the continent with two of the six to seven hundred Indigenous nations and at least ninety language groups. In 1606, the Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon landed near the site of the modern-day town of Weipa on the western shore of Cape York. His arrival was the first recorded encounter between European and Australian Aboriginal people. In 1606, Luis Váez de Torres ,
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