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89-550: Deneuve made her screen debut in 1957 at age 13, in a film shot the previous year when she was only 12. A major figure of the New Wave , she became, like Brigitte Bardot and Alain Delon , one of the best-known French artists in the world. In a career spanning nearly 70 years, she has played more than a hundred roles and is recognized in France and internationally for being one of the key faces of

178-509: A quality " and in December 1962 published a list of 162 film directors who had made their feature film debut since 1959. Many of these directors, such as Edmond Agabra and Henri Zaphiratos, were not as successful or enduring as the well-known members of the New Wave and today would not be considered part of it. Shortly after Truffaut's published list appeared, Godard publicly declared that the New Wave

267-1115: A car accident a few months after the movie opened. That same year she starred in Luis Buñuel 's psychological erotic drama Belle de Jour (1967). Deneuve stars as a young woman who spends her midweek afternoons as a high-class prostitute , while her husband is at work. For her performance, she received a nomination for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . Melissa Anderson writing for Criterion declared, "Deneuve's performance in Belle de jour turned out to be one of her most iconic". In 1969, Deneuve starred in Stuart Rosenberg 's American romantic comedy film The April Fools , starring opposite Jack Lemmon . That same year she acted in François Truffaut 's romantic crime drama Mississippi Mermaid acting alongside Jean-Paul Belmondo . The New York Times film critic Vincent Canby praised

356-472: A commercial release until 2008. Truffaut, with The 400 Blows (1959), and Godard, with Breathless (1960) had unexpected international successes, both critical and financial, that turned the world's attention to the activities of the New Wave and enabled the movement to flourish. Part of their technique was to portray characters not readily labeled as protagonists in the classic sense of audience identification. The auteurs of this era owe their popularity to

445-491: A dictatorial plot-line . They were especially against the French "cinema of quality", the type of high-minded, literary period films held in esteem at French film festivals, often regarded as "untouchable" by criticism. New Wave critics and directors studied the work of Western classics and applied new avant-garde stylistic direction. The low-budget approach helped filmmakers get at the essential art form and find what was, to them,

534-411: A documentary style. The films exhibited direct sounds on film stock that required less light. Filming techniques included fragmented, discontinuous editing, and long takes. The combination of realism, subjectivity, and authorial commentary created a narrative ambiguity in the sense that questions that arise in a film are not answered in the end. Although naturally associated with Francophone countries,

623-526: A female friend they say: we've always known that." Reports from 2000 said her beau was a 25-year-old technician she had met on a recent film, but no writer could identify him. In 2006, Deneuve told The Daily Telegraph that she was in a relationship, though she did not disclose his name. A 2020 biography of Johnny Hallyday by Gilles Lhote says the singer maintained a carefully hidden, 56-year affair with Deneuve that started when they were teenagers in 1961 and continued until Hallyday's death in 2017. Deneuve

712-521: A fresh look to the cinema with improvised dialogue, rapid changes of scene, and shots that broke the common 180° axis of camera movement . In many films of the French New Wave, the camera was used not to mesmerize the audience with elaborate narrative and illusory images, but rather to play with audience expectations. Godard was arguably the movement's most influential figure; his method of filmmaking, often used to shock and awe audiences out of passivity,

801-534: A look of loathing, while others in the photo smile for the camera. The film is unusual for featuring a female killer. It explores the repulsion Carol feels about sexuality in general and her suitors' pursuit of her in particular. It has been suggested that the film hints that her father may have sexually abused her as a child, which is the basis of her neuroses and breakdown. Other critics have observed Carol's repeated usage of items related to her sister's boyfriend Michael, and his presence greatly provoking Carol at

890-462: A man breaks into her room and rapes her. She is awakened in the hallway by a phone call from Colin, but she hangs up. After returning to the salon, Carol cuts the finger of a client while giving a manicure, and is told to go home early. A concerned coworker finds the uncooked rabbit's head in Carol's purse. At the apartment, Carol stares at an old family photo and the wall behind the photograph shatters like

979-499: A maternal half-sister, Danièle, whom their mother had out of wedlock in 1936 with Aimé Clariond . Deneuve used her mother's maiden name, which she chose for her stage name, in order to differentiate herself from her sisters. Deneuve attended Catholic schools. Deneuve made her film debut with a small role in André Hunebelle 's Les Collégiennes (1957) with her younger sister Sylvie Dorléac who, like their older half-sister Daniele,

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1068-399: A mirror. Colin subsequently arrives at the apartment, but Carol refuses to open the door so he breaks in. He declares his love for her, and she responds by bludgeoning him to death with a candlestick. She cleans the blood, barricades the front door, and places Colin's corpse in the bathtub. In bed, she experiences the same rape hallucination. She wakes up the next morning, naked on the floor. In

1157-400: A much more comfortable and contemporary form of production. Charlie Chaplin , Alfred Hitchcock, Orson Welles, Howard Hawks , John Ford, Sam Fuller and Don Siegel were held up in admiration. French New Wave is influenced by Italian Neorealism and classical Hollywood cinema . In a 1961 interview, Truffaut said that "the 'New Wave' is neither a movement, nor a school, nor a group, it's

1246-522: A new means of expression on the same level as painting and the novel ... a form in which and by which an artist can express his thoughts, however abstract they may be, or translate his obsessions exactly as he does in the contemporary essay or novel. This is why I would like to call this new age of cinema the age of the caméra-stylo. " Some of the most prominent pioneers among the group, including François Truffaut , Jean-Luc Godard , Éric Rohmer , Claude Chabrol , and Jacques Rivette , began as critics for

1335-467: A number of writers for Cahiers du cinéma became leading New Wave filmmakers, including Jean-Luc Godard , Éric Rohmer , Jacques Rivette , and Claude Chabrol . The associated Left Bank film community included directors such as Alain Resnais , Agnès Varda , Jacques Demy and Chris Marker . Using portable equipment and requiring little or no set up time, the New Wave way of filmmaking often presented

1424-406: A plausible schizophrenic episode." Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 95% of 64 film critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 8.87/10. The website's critics consensus states, "Roman Polanski's first English film follows a schizophrenic woman's descent into madness, and makes the audience feel as claustrophobic as the character." As of June 2019, the film

1513-449: A post-World War II France, filmmakers sought low-budget alternatives to the usual production methods, and were inspired by the generation of Italian Neorealists before them. Half necessity and half vision, New Wave directors used all that they had available to channel their artistic visions directly to the theatre. Finally, the French New Wave, as the European modern Cinema , is focused on

1602-719: A public relationship since her breakup with Lescure in 1991, with whom she remains friends; Deneuve's two children consider him their stepfather. According to Gala , in late 2019 Deneuve relied on Lescure while she recuperated from a stroke. In 2020, she told Paris Match that the two still talk to each other every day. Throughout her 20s and 30s, Deneuve reportedly dated actors Sami Frey , Clint Eastwood , Franco Nero , Burt Reynolds and John Travolta as well as directors Roman Polanski , Jerry Schatzberg , François Truffaut and Milos Forman , talent agent Bertrand de Labbey  [ fr ] , singer Serge Gainsbourg , though she denies an intimate relationship with Gainsbourg. She

1691-485: A shy Belgian manicurist , lives in London with her older sister Helen. Carol is remarkably detached and struggles in her daily interactions. A suitor, Colin, is enamoured of her and makes fervent attempts to court her, but Carol seems uninterested. Carol is troubled by Helen's relationship with a married man named Michael, whom Carol seems to dislike. She is bothered by his habit of leaving his razor and toothbrush in her glass in

1780-437: A spirit of iconoclasm . New Wave filmmakers explored new approaches to editing , visual style, and narrative, as well as engagement with the social and political upheavals of the era, often making use of irony or exploring existential themes. The New Wave is often considered one of the most influential movements in the history of cinema . The term was first used by a group of French film critics and cinephiles associated with

1869-494: A story written by Polanski and Gérard Brach , the plot follows Carol, a withdrawn, disturbed young woman who, when left alone in the apartment she shares with her sister, is subject to a number of nightmarish experiences. The film focuses on the point of view of Carol and her vivid hallucinations and nightmares as she comes into contact with men and their desires for her. Ian Hendry , John Fraser , Patrick Wymark , and Yvonne Furneaux appear in supporting roles. Shot in London, it

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1958-408: A subsequent scene, she walks down the dark hallway of her apartment where hands appear out of the walls and grab her. Later, the angry wife of Michael calls looking for Helen, causing Carol to cut the wire of the telephone. The landlord arrives to collect Carol and Helen's rent. After he is unable to get in due to the barricade, he breaks into the apartment and sees Carol. She pays him the rent, but he

2047-550: A total of nearly 99 million spectators in theaters, making her the working actress with the most admissions in France. In 1985, she succeeded Mireille Mathieu as the official face of Marianne , France's national symbol of liberty. She has received numerous accolades over her career including two César Awards and the Venice Film Festival 's Volpi Cup for Best Actress as well as nominations for an Academy Award and BAFTA Award . She has received honorary awards, including

2136-411: A winsome-looking type that other directors have forced to act, here is allowed to be herself. She etches a fine portrait of a 16-year-old in love." The same year she acted in several films including the anthology film The World's Most Beautiful Swindlers in a segment directed by Claude Chabrol and the comedy Male Hunt directed by Édouard Molinaro . In her English-language debut, Deneuve played

2225-509: Is Polanski's first English-language film and second feature-length production, following Knife in the Water (1962). The film debuted at the 1965 Cannes Film Festival before receiving theatrical releases internationally. Upon its release, Repulsion received considerable critical acclaim and currently is considered one of Polanski's greatest works. The film was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Gilbert Taylor 's cinematography. Carol Ledoux,

2314-443: Is also rumoured to have had a brief relationship with TV host Carlos Lozano  [ es ] . In recent decades, Deneuve's highly private life has prompted speculation about her sexual orientation, which she acknowledged in a 2002 interview with Knack magazine: "Now that people know nothing about my private life, they start guessing: is there still a man in her life and who is he then? When they see me two or three times with

2403-461: Is considered the muse of designer Yves Saint Laurent ; he dressed her in the films Belle de Jour , La Chamade , La sirène du Mississipi , Un flic , Liza , and The Hunger . In 1992, she became a model for his skincare line. In 2001, she was chosen as the new face of L'Oréal Paris . In 2006, Deneuve became the third inspiration for the M•A•C Beauty Icon series and collaborated on

2492-412: Is disgusted by the state of the apartment. He sees the uncooked rabbit, still sitting out, rotting. He propositions Carol, offering to forget about the rent if she "takes care of him", and tries to rape her when she doesn't respond. She pushes him off and then hacks him to death with Michael's straight razor. She then sinks deeper into hallucination. When Helen and Michael arrive home, Helen is dismayed at

2581-610: Is number 52 on Rotten Tomatoes' list of best rated films. Metacritic , which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, gives the film a score of 91 based on 8 reviews. At the 15th Berlin International Film Festival in 1965, Repulsion won both the FIPRESCI Prize and the Silver Berlin Bear-Extraordinary Jury Prize . The film was also nominated for

2670-638: The Chicago Tribune awarded a full four stars out of four and wrote that "violence takes a back seat to character development and storytelling techniques that are classical. Hustle is the kind of picture you don't want to see end. It's going to be a cult favorite." That same year, she acted in Jean-Paul Rappeneau 's adventure film Le Sauvage (1975) with Yves Montand . The following year, she acted in Claude Lelouch 's Second Chance (1976). In

2759-551: The Cinémathèque Française , were the dual father figures of the movement. These men of cinema valued the expression of the director's personal vision in both the film's style and script. Truffaut also credits the American film Little Fugitive (1953) by Ruth Orkin , Ray Ashley and Morris Engel with helping to start the French New Wave, when he said: "Our New Wave would never have come into being, if it hadn't been for

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2848-687: The 6th arrondissement of Paris . From 1989 to 2014, she also owned Château de Primard, a mansion in Guainville . Deneuve has been married once: to photographer David Bailey from 1965 to 1972, though they separated in 1967. She has lived with director Roger Vadim , actor Marcello Mastroianni , cinematographer Hugh Johnson , and Canal+ tycoon Pierre Lescure . Deneuve has two children: actor Christian Vadim (born 18 June 1963), from her relationship with Roger Vadim, and actress Chiara Mastroianni (born 28 May 1972), from her relationship with Marcello Mastroianni. She has five grandchildren. Deneuve has not had

2937-453: The Agnes Varda fantasy film Les Créatures and Jean-Paul Rappeneau 's A Matter of Resistance . The following year, she reunited with Demy for another musical The Young Girls of Rochefort (1967) acting alongside George Chakiris and Gene Kelly . She played a twin to her real-life older sister, Françoise Dorléac (as Solange), in what would be their only film together, Dorléac died in

3026-714: The Berlin International Film Festival 's Golden Bear in 1998 and the Venice Film Festival 's Golden Lion in 2022. In 2000, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California , Walk of Stars was dedicated to her. In 2013, she was honored for her lifetime achievement at the 26th European Film Awards . In 2015, she received the Lifetime Achievement Golden Orange Award from International Antalya Film Festival , Turkey. In 2020, The New York Times ranked her number 21 in its list of

3115-553: The Berlin International Film Festival 's Golden Bear in 1998, the Cannes Film Festival 's Honorary Palme d'Or in 2005, and the Venice Film Festival 's Golden Lion in 2022. Deneuve was born Catherine Fabienne Dorléac in Paris, the daughter of French stage actors Maurice Dorléac and Renée Simonot . Deneuve had two sisters, Françoise Dorléac (21 March 1942 – 26 June 1967) and Sylvie Dorléac (born 14 December 1946), as well as

3204-513: The David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actress, and Régis Wargnier 's Indochine (1992). She received nominations for an Academy Award for Best Actress for Indochine and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for Belle de Jour (1968). She received the Venice Film Festival 's Volpi Cup for Best Actress for her role in Place Vendôme (1998). She also received numerous honorary accolades including

3293-544: The Volpi Cup at the Venice Film Festival for her performance in Place Vendôme . In the late 1990s, Deneuve continued to appear in a large number of films such as 1999's five films Est-Ouest , Le temps retrouvé , Pola X , Belle maman , and Le Vent de la nuit . Deneuve's part in Lars von Trier 's musical drama Dancer in the Dark (2000), alongside Icelandic singer Björk

3382-473: The musical film genre with appearances in The Umbrellas of Cherbourg , The Young Girls of Rochefort , Donkey Skin , 8 Women and The Beloved . Early in her career, she gained acclaim for her portrayals of aloof and mysterious beauties while working for well-known directors such as Luis Buñuel , François Truffaut , Jacques Demy , Roman Polanski , and Agnès Varda . She played in films attracting

3471-468: The " new sincerity " subculture within the U.S. that involve deliberately defying certain critical expectations in filmmaking. Alexandre Astruc 's manifesto "The Birth of a New Avant-Garde: The Camera-Stylo", published in L'Écran on 30 March 1948, outlined some of the ideas that were later expanded upon by François Truffaut and the Cahiers du cinéma . It argues that "cinema was in the process of becoming

3560-539: The 1980s, Deneuve's films included François Truffaut 's Le Dernier métro (1980) with Gérard Depardieu for which she won the César Award for Best Actress and the David di Donatello Award for Best Actress . She gained acclaim for her role in Tony Scott 's The Hunger (1983) as a bisexual vampire, co-starring with David Bowie and Susan Sarandon , a role which brought her a significant lesbian following, mostly among

3649-458: The 21st century. The movies featured unprecedented methods of expression, such as long tracking shots (like the famous traffic jam sequence in Godard's 1967 film Weekend ). Also, these movies featured existential themes, often stressing the individual and the acceptance of the absurdity of human existence. Filled with irony and sarcasm, the films also tend to reference other films. Many of

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3738-473: The 25 Greatest Actors of the 21st Century. Notes Citations French New Wave The New Wave ( French : Nouvelle Vague , French pronunciation: [nuvɛl vaɡ] ), also called the French New Wave , is a French art film movement that emerged in the late 1950s. The movement was characterized by its rejection of traditional filmmaking conventions in favor of experimentation and

3827-525: The French New Wave films were produced on tight budgets, often shot in a friend's apartment or yard, using the director's friends as the cast and crew. Directors were also forced to improvise with equipment (for example, using a shopping cart for tracking shots. ) The cost of film was also a major concern; thus, efforts to save film turned into stylistic innovations. For example, in Jean-Luc Godard 's Breathless ( À bout de souffle ), after being told

3916-644: The Left Bank filmmakers). Roud described a distinctive "fondness for a kind of Bohemian life and an impatience with the conformity of the Right Bank, a high degree of involvement in literature and the plastic arts , and a consequent interest in experimental filmmaking ", as well as an identification with the political left . The filmmakers tended to collaborate with one another. Jean-Pierre Melville , Alain Robbe-Grillet , and Marguerite Duras are also associated with

4005-406: The New Wave directors in that they practiced cinematic modernism . Their emergence also came in the 1950s and they also benefited from the youthful audience. The two groups, however, were not in opposition; Cahiers du cinéma advocated for Left Bank cinema. Left Bank directors include Chris Marker , Alain Resnais , and Agnès Varda (Varda's husband, Jacques Demy , is sometimes grouped with

4094-469: The New Wave was to some extent an exercise by the Cahiers writers in applying this philosophy to the world by directing movies themselves. Apart from the role that films by Jean Rouch have played in the movement, Chabrol's Le Beau Serge (1958) is traditionally (but debatably) credited as the first New Wave feature. Agnès Varda 's La Pointe Courte (1955) was chronologically the first, but did not have

4183-500: The apartment, including an unwashed shirt whose odour makes her vomit. After trying on one of her sister's dresses, Carol sees a dark figure in the mirror. That night, she hears footsteps outside her bedroom. Carol's isolation begins to take its toll on her, and she misses three days of work. One morning, she runs a bath and walks away, causing it to overflow. As she turns on a light, the wall cracks open. She locks herself in her room and again hears footsteps. This time, she hallucinates that

4272-431: The audience directly , were radically innovative at the time. Classic French cinema adhered to the principles of strong narrative, creating what Godard described as an oppressive and deterministic aesthetic of plot. In contrast, New Wave filmmakers made no attempts to suspend the viewer's disbelief; in fact, they took steps to constantly remind the viewer that a film is just a sequence of moving images, no matter how clever

4361-423: The bathroom trash bin. At the salon, Carol becomes increasingly distant, barely talking to her coworkers and customers, so much so that her boss decides to send her home for the day. That night, Helen and Michael depart for Italy on holiday, leaving Carol alone in the apartment. Carol takes a rabbit out of the fridge for dinner. Instead of cooking it, she is distracted by a number of Michael's possessions left around

4450-481: The bathroom, and at night struggles to sleep, bothered by the sounds of her sister and Michael having sex. When Carol walks home from work one day, she is bothered by a crack in the pavement. Colin happens upon her and she struggles to converse with him. He drives her home and tries to kiss her several times, but she pulls away, running upstairs and vigorously brushing her teeth before weeping. That night, Helen questions Carol for dumping Michael's toothbrush and shaver in

4539-620: The beginning of the film. The film also approaches the theme of boundary breaking, with Tamar McDonald stating that she saw Carol as refusing to conform to the expected "path of femininity". It increasingly adopts the perspective of its protagonist. The dream sequences are particularly intense. Repulsion was considered the first instalment in Polanski's "Apartment Trilogy", followed by Rosemary's Baby (1968) and The Tenant (1976), both of which are horror films that also take place primarily inside apartment buildings. The story for Repulsion

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4628-562: The brand's Tambour Horizon smartwatch, which also featured celebrities, including Jennifer Connelly , Bae Doona , Jaden Smith and Miranda Kerr . In 1986, Deneuve introduced her own perfume, Deneuve . She is also a designer of glasses, shoes, jewelry and greeting cards. In 2005, she launched a limited-edition makeup collection for MAC Cosmetics . For the Catherine Deneuve eyewear line, she has had licensing agreements with Viva International (from 1989) and Marcolin  (2014–2019) for

4717-468: The budgeted £65,000. Tensions flared between Polanski and some of the cast during the shoot, including Yvonne Furneaux, whom Polanski treated harshly. Klinger recounted that, after remonstrating with Polanski for his treatment of Furneaux, he responded: "I know she's a nice girl. She's too bloody nice. She's supposed to be playing a bitch. Every day I have to make her into a bitch." Additionally, Ian Hendry, who portrayed Michael, would frequently return to

4806-619: The cold but erotic persona, for which she would be nicknamed the "ice maiden", in Roman Polanski 's psychological horror thriller Repulsion (1965). For her performance she was nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress . Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian wrote, "Catherine Deneuve's glassy stare of anxiety dominates the movie" comparing her to Janet Leigh in Psycho (1960). In 1966 she starred in

4895-549: The colour collection that became available at M•A•C locations worldwide in February that year. Deneuve began appearing in the new Louis Vuitton luggage advertisements in 2007. Deneuve was listed as one of the fifty best-dressed over 50s by the Guardian in March 2013. In July 2017, Deneuve appeared in a video campaign for Louis Vuitton entitled Connected Journeys , celebrating the launch of

4984-466: The design, production and distribution of sunglasses and optical frames. Besides her native French, Deneuve speaks fluent Italian and English, and has some knowledge of Spanish. Her hobbies and passions include gardening, drawing, photography, reading, music, cinema, fashion, antiques and decoration. According to a 1996 The New York Times article, she is a practising Roman Catholic . For decades, Deneuve has had an apartment on Place Saint-Sulpice in

5073-450: The early 1990s, Deneuve's more significant roles included 1992's Indochine opposite Vincent Perez , for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress and won a second César Award for Best Actress; and André Téchiné 's two films, Ma saison préférée (1993) and Les Voleurs (1996). In 1997, Deneuve was the protagonist in the music video for the song N'Oubliez Jamais sung by Joe Cocker . In 1998, she won acclaim and

5162-495: The famous film magazine Cahiers du cinéma . Cahiers co-founder and theorist André Bazin was a prominent source of influence for the movement. By means of criticism and editorialization, they laid the groundwork for a set of concepts, revolutionary at the time, which the American film critic Andrew Sarris called auteur theory . (The original French La politique des auteurs , translated literally as "The policy of authors".) Bazin and Henri Langlois , founder and curator of

5251-486: The film a positive review stating, "An absolute knockout of a movie in the psychological horror line has been accomplished by Roman Polanski in his first English-language film." Jim Emerson, filling in for Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times , included the film in his list entitled "102 Movies You Must See Before...". Upon the film's release to DVD, Dave Kehr reviewed the film for The New York Times praising

5340-436: The film to numerous English studios, including British Lion Films and Paramount Pictures , but each passed on the project. They eventually proposed the project to Compton Films, a small English-based studio known for making exploitation films and softcore pornography . The two leading executives at Compton Films, Michael Klinger and Tony Tenser , were impressed by the screenplay, and agreed to help produce and distribute

5429-409: The film was too long and he must cut it down to one hour and a half he decided (on the suggestion of Jean-Pierre Melville ) to remove several scenes from the feature using jump cuts , as they were filmed in one long take. Parts that did not work were simply cut from the middle of the take, a practical decision, and also a purposeful stylistic one. The cinematic stylings of the French New Wave brought

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5518-455: The film writing, "As in all of Truffaut's films, love leads only to an uncertain future that, at best, may contain some joy along with the inevitable misery. Truffaut's special talent, however, is for communicating a sense of the value of that joy." She reunited with Buñel for the drama Tristana (1970) acting alongside Fernando Rey and Franco Nero . Her work for Buñuel would be her best known. That same year, she reunited with Jacques Demy for

5607-492: The film's art director, Seamus Flannery, and the cinematographer, Gilbert Taylor , photographed the interiors of a number of real local flats shared by young women in a seedy section of South Kensington. Commenting on the appearance of the flat, Polanski biographer Christopher Sandford notes: "Unlike the usual heavy-handed representation of a London pad, the detail and observations of the place are exactly right; you can believe that two foreign girls would end up there." Filming

5696-405: The film's techniques and themes, saying, "Mr. Polanski uses slow camera movements, a soundtrack carefully composed of distracting, repetitive noises (clocks ticking, bells ringing, hearts thumping) and, once Carol barricades herself in the cramped, dark apartment, explicitly expressionistic effects (cracks suddenly ripping through walls, rough hands reaching out of the darkness to grope her) to depict

5785-506: The film-maker passes "the essay attitude, thinking – in a novelist way – on his own way to do essays." The corresponding "right bank" group is constituted of the more famous and financially successful New Wave directors associated with Cahiers du cinéma ( Claude Chabrol , François Truffaut , and Jean-Luc Godard ). Unlike the Cahiers group, Left Bank directors were older and less movie-crazed. They tended to see cinema akin to other arts, such as literature. However, they were similar to

5874-566: The film. Deneuve, who had just finished a starring role in Umbrellas of Cherbourg the year before, was cast in the lead role of Carol. According to Polanski, the film was shot on a modest budget of £65,000. The film's exterior sequences were shot in the South Kensington district of London, while interiors of Carol and Helen's mansion flat were constructed on a small lot at Twickenham Studios . In order to capture an authentic appearance

5963-569: The films Indochine and Dancer in the Dark . She also provided the voice role of Marjane Satrapi 's mother in Satrapi's animated autobiographical film Persepolis (2007), based on the graphic novel of the same name . Her 100th film appearance was in Un conte de Noël released in 2008. Deneuve's later work includes Potiche (2010) with frequent co-star Depardieu, Beloved (2011), alongside former co-stars Ludivine Sagnier and Chiara Mastroianni ,

6052-485: The gothic subculture. During this time, she received César Award for Best Actress nominations for her roles in André Téchiné 's romantic drama Hotel America (1981), Jean-Pierre Mocky 's French drama film Agent trouble (1987), and François Dupeyron 's drama Drôle d'endroit pour une rencontre (1988). The later of which she also served as a producer, and starred alongside frequent co-star Gérard Depardieu . In

6141-492: The group. The nouveau roman movement in literature was also a strong element of the Left Bank style, with authors contributing to many of the films. Left Bank films include La Pointe Courte , Hiroshima mon amour , La jetée , Last Year at Marienbad , and Trans-Europ-Express . Source: Repulsion (film) Repulsion is a 1965 British psychological horror thriller film directed by Roman Polanski , and starring Catherine Deneuve . Based on

6230-526: The magazine Cahiers du cinéma in the late 1950s and 1960s. These critics rejected the Tradition de qualité ("Tradition of Quality") of mainstream French cinema, which emphasized craft over innovation and old works over experimentation. This was apparent in a manifesto-like 1954 essay by François Truffaut , Une certaine tendance du cinéma français , where he denounced the adaptation of safe literary works into unimaginative films. Along with Truffaut,

6319-468: The movement has had a continual influence within various other cinephile cultures over the past several decades inside of many other nations. The United Kingdom and the United States , both of them being primarily English-speaking , are of note. " Kitchen sink realism " as an artistic approach intellectually challenging social conventions and traditions in the U.K. is an example, as are some elements of

6408-421: The movement. Politically and financially drained, France tended to fall back on the old popular pre-war traditions. One such tradition was straight narrative cinema, specifically classical French film. The movement has its roots in rebellion against the reliance on past forms (often adapted from traditional novelistic structures), criticizing, in particular, the way these forms could force the audience to submit to

6497-909: The musical fantasy Donkey Skin (1970) based on the 1965 fairy tale of the same name by Charles Perrault . Roger Ebert praised the film writing, "It provides a visual feast and fanciful imaginations, and Deneuve was then, as she was before and since, a great beauty with the confidence such beauty requires." In 1971, Deneuve starred in Nadine Trintignant 's It Only Happens to Others opposite Marcello Mastroianni . She also starred in Marco Ferreri 's Italian drama Liza (1972), Jean-Pierre Melville 's French crime film Un flic (1972), and Jacques Demy 's French comedy A Slightly Pregnant Man (1973). She starred in Robert Aldrich 's crime film Hustle (1975) with Burt Reynolds . Gene Siskel of

6586-720: The popular French adventure comedy Asterix and Obelix: God Save Britannia (2012) with Gérard Depardieu and Valérie Lemercier , screenwriter and director Emmanuelle Bercot 's On My Way (2013), Palme d'Or winning writer/director Pierre Salvadori 's comedy drama In the Courtyard (2014), and André Téchiné 's drama In the Name of My Daughter (2014). She co-starred alongside Catherine Frot , in writer/director Martin Provost 's French drama The Midwife (2017). Deneuve appeared nude in two Playboy pictorials in 1963 and 1965. Her image

6675-665: The set after lunch intoxicated, making him difficult to direct. The film was scored by Chico Hamilton . The official "soundtrack" was issued on CD in 2008 by British label Harkit, which specialised in British soundtracks from the 60's. Some songs on the soundtrack, are not even heard in the film, such as "Seduction in the Dark" and "Repulsion Nocturne." The main track from the film is called "Carol's Walk". The song also features on Hamilton's album Chic Chic Chico . Repulsion had its theatrical debut in London on 10 June 1965. Film critic Bosley Crowther of The New York Times gave

6764-399: The state of the place. Michael happens on Helen hyperventilating and finds Colin's dead body in the bath. Helen finds Carol under her bed in a catatonic state. Her neighbours flood in as Michael picks her up and carries her out, smiling. In the living room, a family photo—the one Carol pondered earlier—shows Carol as a child, possibly staring at an older male family member in the photograph with

6853-474: The support they received from their youthful audience. Most of these directors were born in the 1930s and grew up in Paris, relating to how their viewers might be experiencing life. With a high concentration on fashion, urban professional life, and all-night parties, the life of France's youth was exquisitely captured. The French New Wave was popular roughly between 1958 and 1962. The socio-economic forces at play shortly after World War II strongly influenced

6942-412: The technique as style itself. A French New Wave film-maker is first of all an author who shows in its film their own eye on the world. On the other hand, the film as the object of knowledge challenges the usual transitivity on which all the other cinema was based, "undoing its cornerstones: space and time continuity, narrative and grammatical logics, the self-evidence of the represented worlds." In this way

7031-429: The use of light and shadow. The result is a set of oddly disjointed scenes without an attempt at unity; or an actor whose character changes from one scene to the next; or sets in which onlookers accidentally make their way onto camera along with extras, who in fact were hired to do just the same. At the heart of New Wave technique is the issue of money and production value. In the context of social and economic troubles of

7120-485: The young American Morris Engel who showed us the way to independent production with [this] fine movie." The auteur theory holds that the director is the "author" of their movies, with a personal signature visible from film to film. They praised movies by Jean Renoir and Jean Vigo , and made then-radical cases for the artistic distinction and greatness of Hollywood studio directors such as Orson Welles , John Ford , Alfred Hitchcock and Nicholas Ray . The beginning of

7209-419: Was a close friend of the artist Nall , and owns some of his works. On 6 November 2019, BBC News reported that Deneuve suffered a mild stroke and was recuperating in a Paris hospital. Despite the health scare, there was no damage to her motor functions. Five weeks later, she was released from hospital, and spent the remainder of 2019 recuperating at her Paris home. Deneuve began smoking in 1960 at age 16, and

7298-407: Was abnormally bold and direct. Godard's stylistic approach can be seen as a desperate struggle against the mainstream cinema of the time, or a degrading attack on the viewer's supposed naivety. Either way, the challenging awareness represented by this movement remains in cinema today. Effects that now seem either trite or commonplace, such as a character stepping out of their role in order to address

7387-550: Was an occasional child actress. She subsequently appeared in several films for director Roger Vadim as well as in L'Homme à femmes (1960), which caught the eye of Jacques Demy , who cast Deneuve as Geneviève Emery in his romantic film musical The Umbrellas of Cherbourg (1964), the film that brought her to stardom. The film received critical acclaim winning the Palme d'Or at the 1964 Cannes Film Festival . Variety praised her performance describing her writing, "Catherine Deneuve,

7476-491: Was challenging for Polanski as he was unfamiliar with the London shooting locations, and both he and star Deneuve were not fluent in English. Additionally, Polanski was meticulous about shots: Michael Klinger recalled witnessing Polanski shoot a simple frame of Deneuve's hand twenty-seven times. The production eventually went over-budget, partly due to Polanski's perfectionistic tendencies, totaling approximately £95,000 as opposed to

7565-496: Was conceived by Roman Polanski and Gérard Brach , who wrote an outline of the script in Paris. Polanski, who had recently relocated from his native Poland to the United Kingdom, decided to set the film in London. According to Polanski, the inspiration for the screenplay was derived from a woman of whom he and Brach were mutual acquaintances, and who Polanski later learned suffered from schizophrenia . Polanski and Brach pitched

7654-653: Was known to smoke up to three packs a day. She quit in 1985 with the aid of hypnotherapy , but started again in 1996. In 2020, French actress and recent co-star Juliette Binoche told Vanity Fair that Deneuve stopped smoking after suffering a stroke. Deneuve has received numerous accolades including two César Award for Best Actress for her performances in The Last Metro (1980), and Indochine (1992). A 14-time César Award nominee, she won for her performances in Truffaut's The Last Metro (1980), for which she also won

7743-427: Was more exclusive and included only Truffaut, Chabrol, Rivette, Rohmer, and himself, stating that " Cahiers was the nucleus" of the movement. Godard also acknowledged filmmakers such as Resnais, Astruc, Varda, and Demy as esteemed contemporaries, but said that they represented "their own fund of culture" and were separate from the New Wave. Many of the directors associated with the New Wave continued to make films into

7832-776: Was subject to considerable critical scrutiny. The film was selected for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. She made another foray into Hollywood the following year, starring in The Musketeer (2001) for Peter Hyams . In 2002, she shared the Silver Bear Award for Best Ensemble Cast at the Berlin International Film Festival for her performance in 8 Women . In 2005, Deneuve published her diary A l'ombre de moi-meme ("In My Own Shadow", published in English as Close Up and Personal: The Private Diaries of Catherine Deneuve ); in it she writes about her experiences shooting

7921-645: Was used to represent Marianne , the national symbol of France, from 1985 to 1989. As the face of Chanel No. 5 in the late 1970s, she caused sales of the perfume to soar in the United States ;– so much so that the American press, captivated by her charm, nominated her as the world's most elegant woman. In 1983, American Home Products retained her to represent their cosmetics line and hired world-renowned photographer Richard Avedon to promote its line of Youth Garde cosmetics, for which she famously proclaimed, "Look closely. Next year, I will be 40." She

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