124-458: The following is a list and description of the primary characters from the classic American television series The Brady Bunch , that was broadcast from September 1969 to March 1974. The characters also appeared in all subsequent reunions, remakes, and theatrical/TV films. Michael Paul " Mike " Brady (bottom center in picture above), portrayed by Robert Reed in the TV show and Gary Cole in films,
248-496: A commercial if it means saying that an inferior product is the best) coupled with a strong sense of ethics. Mike enjoyed fishing and camping. The writers imply that Mike Brady is a very highly qualified and well-respected architect. His "failures" tended to be successes. For instance, in A Very Brady Christmas , contractor Ted Roberts (who is looking to save money on his building project) fires Mike when he refuses to cut corners and take out important safety provisions. Mike, however,
372-491: A nurse , have a son named Kevin. Greg is the only one of the children to appear in every episode of the original series. Marcia Brady – née Marcia Martin , later Marcia Brady-Logan (top left), portrayed by Maureen McCormick in the original TV show, The Brady Girls Get Married , The Brady Brides and A Very Brady Christmas , Leah Ayres in The Bradys , Christine Taylor in theatrical films and Autumn Reeser in
496-474: A Canadian show's season normally runs to a maximum of 13 episodes rather than 20 or more, although an exceptionally popular series such as Corner Gas or Murdoch Mysteries might receive 20-episode orders in later seasons. Canadian shows do not normally receive "back nine" extensions within the same season, however; even a popular series simply ends for the year when the original production order has finished airing, and an expanded order of more than 13 episodes
620-671: A concluding episode, which sometimes is a big series finale . On rare occasions, a series that has not attracted particularly high ratings and has been canceled can be given a reprieve if home video viewership has been particularly strong. This has happened in the cases of Family Guy in the US and Peep Show in the UK. In the United States, if the show is popular or lucrative, and a minimum number of episodes ( usually 100 ) have been made, it can go into broadcast syndication , where rights to broadcast
744-434: A death or divorce) is not mentioned. Creator and executive producer Sherwood Schwartz had originally intended for Carol to be a divorcee, but ABC refused to allow the fate of her first marriage to be revealed on the show. Sherwood Schwartz later wished to use her divorce to his advantage, and wanted to use Carol's previous husband as a mechanism to replace Robert Reed on the show should the show enter its sixth season. The show
868-426: A fashion designer, and marries Wally Logan. However, by the time A Very Brady Christmas aired, she was a stay-at-home mother (raising two children, daughter Jessica and son Michael "Mickey"). She was still unemployed at the beginning of The Bradys , and at this point her ego began to take such a beating she briefly turned to alcohol for solace. By the end of the series, Marcia and her husband, Wally (a toy salesman who
992-483: A female householder with no spouse, and 10.3% were a male householder with no spouse. Of all households, 18.2% were made up of individuals, and 10.9% were individuals over the age of 65 living alone. In town, the population was spread out, with 5.4% under 5 years, 20.5% under 18, 55.5% between the ages of 18 and 64, and 18.6% 65 years and over. The median age of residents was 45 years. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.2 males. The median household income
1116-440: A former restaurant, is threatened with demolition for new development. The town was first settled as the eastern part (Ward One) of Lynn , and was set off and officially incorporated in 1852. In 1867, a piece of the far western end of Salem , then known as the "Salem Finger", became part of Swampscott. A beach town north of Boston, measuring 3 square miles (7.8 km ) and abutting Salem , Marblehead and Lynn, Swampscott
1240-438: A later time or date—but the vast majority or programming is produced ahead of time. Originally, viewers had no practical way to record a show for later viewing; this changed with the advent of home video , first in the form of videotape recorded on VCRs and later in the form of digital video recorders . Cable television providers began offering certain programming "pay-per-view" or video on demand on-demand, with viewers paying
1364-411: A license fee to the studio for the right to air the show. This license fee does not cover the show's production costs, leading to the deficit. Although the studio does not make its money back in the original airing of the show, it retains ownership of the show. This allows the studio to make its money back and earn a profit through syndication and sales of DVDs and Blu-rays . This system places most of
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#17330850714271488-478: A lower profile than those aired during the main season and can also include limited series events. Reality and game shows have also been fixtures of the schedule. In Canada, the commercial networks air most US programming in tandem with the US television season, but their original Canadian shows follow a model closer to British than US television production. Due to the smaller production budgets available in Canada,
1612-452: A one-time fee to watch a program at a time of their own choosing. Modern streaming television allows viewers to watch programming at any time with a subscription to the service. The first television shows were experimental, sporadic broadcasts viewable only within a very short range from the broadcast tower starting in the 1930s. Televised events such as the 1936 Summer Olympics in Germany,
1736-454: A person or company decides to create new content for television broadcast, they develop the show's elements, consisting of the concept , the characters , the crew , and the cast. Then they often "pitch" it to the various networks in an attempt to find one interested enough to order a prototype for the first episode of the series, known as a pilot . Eric Coleman , an animation executive at Disney , told an interviewer, "One misconception
1860-452: A pivotal role in helping Bobby meet boyhood idol Joe Namath by signing Bobby's name to a letter stating he is "really, really sick". On The Bradys , Cindy became a disc jockey (much like Susan Olsen herself did). At the radio station, she becomes romantically involved with her boss ( Ken Michelman ), a Jewish widower who is more than 15 years her senior and has two children. The relationship did not have time to develop before The Bradys
1984-443: A pop singer under the stage name "Johnny Bravo"; however, he walked away from a potentially lucrative deal when he found out his recordings were being electronically "sweetened" and that the producers were more interested in the visual product than substance. "They didn't want me; they wanted a robot", he said about the incident. Greg eventually became an obstetrician (as mentioned in A Very Brady Christmas ). He and his wife Nora,
2108-401: A precocious four-year-old neighbor named Ricky ( Rick Segall ) was added for its final season (the same year as the final season of The Brady Bunch ). This technique of adding younger children to sitcoms was also used extensively in the 1980s, such as Diff'rent Strokes , which added Danny Cooksey in its last two seasons to replace Gary Coleman (who was then a teenager) as the "cute kid" of
2232-465: A professional race car driver, which led to a crash and Bobby's paralysis on The Bradys . Bobby is going through rehabilitative therapy when he marries his girlfriend, Tracy ( Martha Quinn ). Bobby—who had dropped out of business school to pursue his dream of racing cars—resumes his originally intended career path, joining Peter in a business venture. Cynthia " Cindy " Brady – née Cynthia " Cindy " Martin (bottom left), portrayed by Susan Olsen in
2356-453: A pronounced lisp . She frequently liked to snoop and share secrets she had found out. In one episode, the family had to help her correct her habit of tattling. Cindy Brady also had various failed attempts at fame, such as attempting to break a world record for teeter-tottering , appearing on a game show (on which she suffered from stage fright and had a catatonic attack), and trying to become "the new Shirley Temple ". However, she does play
2480-440: A script is approved. A director is chosen to plan the episode's final look. Pre-production tasks include storyboarding; construction of sets, props, and costumes; casting guest stars; budgeting; acquiring resources like lighting, special effects, stunts, etc. Once the show is planned, it must then be scheduled: scenes are often filmed out of sequence, and guest actors or even regulars may only be available at certain times. Sometimes
2604-466: A show. A regularly recurring show is called a television series, and an individual broadcast of such a series is called an episode. Epidodes are usually broadcast in annual sets, which are called seasons in North America and series in other regions. A one-off television show may be called a television special , while a short series of episodes is a miniseries . A television film , or telefilm ,
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#17330850714272728-469: A small, close-knit production team. These are "pitched" in the traditional way, but since the creators handle all the writing requirements, there is a run of six or seven episodes per series once approval has been given. Many of the most popular British comedies have been made this way, including Monty Python's Flying Circus (albeit with an exclusive team of six writer-performers), Fawlty Towers , Blackadder and The Office . The production company
2852-461: A special "Brady" reunion charity episode of the game show The Weakest Link . Introducing himself, he joked: "I hope I don't kill this show too!" Rist ended up being the first "weakest link" of the episode, eliminated by the other contestants. Tiger is the Brady family's dog, who appeared in many of the early episodes. The original dog used was run over by an automobile and died of his injuries before
2976-482: A swollen nose from a stray football thrown by Peter and thereby acquiring the catchphrase "Oh, my nose!" She has a fragile ego that sometimes goes amok, as shown in "Juliet is the Sun", when after being cast in the lead female role in her school's production of Romeo and Juliet she becomes so hard to get along with that she is dismissed from the role. In The Brady Girls Get Married , Marcia had graduated from college, became
3100-542: A variety of terms. In the United Kingdom and other countries, these sets of episodes are referred to as a "series". In Australia, the broadcasting may be different from North American usage. The terms series and season are both used and are the same. For example, Battlestar Galactica has an original series as well as a remake, both are considered a different series, each with their own number of individual seasons. Australian television does not follow "seasons" in
3224-590: A young teen, Jan had a striking resemblance to her great-aunt Jenny (played by Imogene Coca ) in her younger days. Jan is also occasionally absent-minded , once losing the tube containing her father's architectural plans while visiting Kings Island amusement park. In her later high school years, Jan found she had a talent for painting (as does Eve Plumb), which likely led to her career choice as an architect, following in her adopted father's footsteps (as shown in later reunion films). In The Brady Girls Get Married , Jan marries Phillip Covington. The two met in college; he
3348-576: Is Martin from her first marriage, during which she had had three daughters. She gains three stepsons when she marries Mike Brady. Carol enjoys singing in the church choir, and with her daughter Marcia in the high school Family Frolic Talent Show. In the episode "A Fistful of Reasons", in which Cindy is bullied because of her lisp, Carol confesses that she too overcame a lisp while growing up in Swampscott, Massachusetts . Her parents, Henry and Mrs Tyler ( J. Pat O'Malley and Joan Tompkins ), are depicted only in
3472-412: Is a feature film created for broadcasting on television. Television shows are most often scheduled for broadcast well ahead of time and appear on electronic guides or other TV listings , though the rise of streaming services has made television schedules less relevant than in earlier decades. Some programming may be aired live —that is, events are broadcast at the time they happen rather than at
3596-669: Is a town in Essex County, Massachusetts , United States, located 15 miles (24 km) up the coast from Boston in an area known as the North Shore . The population was 15,111 as of the 2020 United States Census . A former summer resort on Massachusetts Bay , Swampscott is today a fairly affluent residential community and includes the village of Beach Bluff, as well as part of the neighborhood of Clifton . The area in and around Swampscott, Massachusetts has been inhabited by indigenous people for 12,000 years. Prior to European colonization,
3720-412: Is applied to the next season's renewal order rather than an extension of the current season. Only the public CBC Television normally schedules Canadian-produced programming throughout the year; the commercial networks typically now avoid scheduling Canadian productions to air in the fall, as such shows commonly get lost amid the publicity onslaught of the US fall season. Instead, Canadian-produced shows on
3844-478: Is by far the largest beach in town, Eisman's and Whales, Fisherman's, and a part of King's Beach, which extends into Lynn. There are several small parks, along with the small Harold King Forest in the northwest corner of town and the Tedesco Country Club which bisects part of the town. The town also has two small ponds, Foster Pond and Palmer Pond. Swampscott is mostly suburban, with most of the clear land in
List of The Brady Bunch characters - Misplaced Pages Continue
3968-462: Is complete, producers coordinate tasks to begin the video editing . Visual and digital video effects are added to the film; this is often outsourced to companies specializing in these areas. Often music is performed with the conductor using the film as a time reference (other musical elements may be previously recorded). An editor cuts the various pieces of film together, adds the musical score and effects, determines scene transitions, and assembles
4092-464: Is done to increase profits, as seen with shows such as The Witcher . Since at least the 2000s, new broadcast television series are often ordered (funded) for just the first 10 to 13 episodes, to gauge audience interest. If a series is popular, the network places a "back nine order" and the season is completed to the regular 20 to 26 episodes. An established series that is already popular, however, will typically receive an immediate full-season order at
4216-468: Is later proven right when the structure begins to crumble (trapping two security guards, and later Mike, inside). In the episode "How to Succeed in Business?" Mike acknowledges that he has lost jobs. This is to reassure his son Peter that failure and getting fired are a part of life. Mike was one of the staff architects with the firm where he worked; its name was never mentioned in the series. Mr. Ed Phillips
4340-628: Is often separate from the broadcaster. The executive producer , often the show's creator, is in charge of running the show. They pick the crew and help cast the actors, approve and sometimes write series plots—some even write or direct major episodes—while various other producers help to ensure that the show runs smoothly. Very occasionally, the executive producer will cast themselves in the show. As with filmmaking or other electronic media production, producing of an individual episode can be divided into three parts: pre-production , principal photography , and post-production . Pre-production begins when
4464-404: Is that it's very difficult to get in and pitch your show, when the truth is that development executives at networks want very much to hear ideas. They want very much to get the word out on what types of shows they're looking for." To create the pilot, the structure and team of the whole series must be put together. If audiences respond well to the pilot, the network will pick up the show to air it
4588-639: Is the male head of the Brady household. In episode #4 of The Bradys , "Hat in the Ring", when Mike is sworn in as City Councilman, his full name is given as Michael Thomas Brady . Mike, a widowed architect , brought three sons to his marriage with Carol Martin and became the stepfather to her three daughters. He was named "Father of the Year" by a local newspaper after his stepdaughter Marcia submitted an essay in his honor. The character's parents were sometimes mentioned but never seen (unless depicted without identification at
4712-423: Is the oldest Brady son. Greg is a Westdale High School student who plays football, plays guitar, surfs, and aspires to be a singer. Greg is portrayed as self-confident and brassy at times, and generally acts as leader and spokesman for the other kids. Being the oldest of the Brady children, Greg is usually the one who devises their plans. As the series went on, Greg became somewhat of a "ladies' man" at school. Also as
4836-568: The BBC . Half-hour programs are around 22 minutes on commercial channels and around 28 minutes on the BBC. The longer duration on the BBC is due to the lack of advertising breaks. In France, most television shows (whether dramas, game shows or documentaries) have a duration of 52 minutes. This is the same on nearly all French networks (TF1, France 2, France 5, M6, Canal+, etc.). Swampscott, Massachusetts Swampscott ( / ˈ s w ɒ m p s k ə t / )
4960-572: The Swampscott station on its Newburyport/Rockport Line , as well as several bus lines . An abandoned 4-mile branch of the Boston & Maine Railroad originating in Swampscott serves as the Marblehead Rail Trail . Swampscott is located along Massachusetts Route 1A and Route 129 . Both routes enter from Lynn, with Route 1A passing north of the town center towards Salem, and Route 129 following
5084-545: The United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 6.7 square miles (17.4 km ), of which 3.0 square miles (7.9 km ) is land and 3.7 square miles (9.6 km ), or 54.83%, is water. Located beside Massachusetts Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, Swampscott lies along a mostly rocky shoreline, though there is enough clear shore for five beaches; Phillips which stretches into Preston and
List of The Brady Bunch characters - Misplaced Pages Continue
5208-410: The 1937 coronation of King George VI in the United Kingdom, and David Sarnoff's famous introduction at the 1939 New York World's Fair in the United States spurred growth in the medium, but World War II put a halt to development until after the war. The 1947 World Series inspired many Americans to buy their first television set, and then in 1948, the popular radio show Texaco Star Theater made
5332-487: The 1980s, shows (except for soap opera -type serials ) typically remained static without story arcs , and the main characters and premise changed little. If some change happened to the characters' lives during the episode , it was usually undone by the end. Due to this, the episodes could be broadcast in any order. Since the 1980s, many series feature progressive change in the plot, the characters, or both. For instance, Hill Street Blues and St. Elsewhere were two of
5456-408: The 1990s parody movies, Alice was played by actress Henriette Mantel . In the first film, Davis makes a cameo as a truck driver whose CB handle is "Schultzy". Davis first became popular in the 1950s, playing a character named Schultzy on The Bob Cummings Show . The role of Alice was originally to have been played by Monty Margetts, but at the last minute the role was recast because producers of
5580-631: The Boston skyline, average home prices increase to as much as $ 1,038,569 and average household incomes can range upwards of $ 150,000. Larger oceanfront properties have recently been assessed at values greater than $ 5 million and in some cases upwards of $ 10 million. Swampscott was home to White Court, Calvin Coolidge 's Summer White House , and later Marian Court College until the college's closure in 2015, and demolition in 2018-2019. The MBTA provides passenger rail service from Boston's North Station with
5704-460: The DVD and Blu-ray releases. In the UK and Ireland, most programs are referred to as 'series' while 'season' is starting to be used for some US and international releases. The 1980s and 1990s was the golden age of television miniseries attracting millions of Egyptians. For example, The Family of Mr Shalash miniseries, starring Salah Zulfikar and Laila Taher , was the highest rated at the time. In
5828-553: The Martin girls. Fluffy only appeared in "The Honeymoon" episode from season one, and it was never seen again. Television series A television show , TV program ( British English : programme ), or simply a TV show , is the general reference to any content produced for viewing on a television set that is traditionally broadcast via over-the-air, satellite , or cable . This generally excludes breaking news or advertisements that are aired between shows or between segments of
5952-405: The Swampscott area subsisted on seasonally determined activities, including hunting, fishing, collecting wild plants and shellfish , and horticulture . They hunted deer , marine mammals , upland game birds , and ducks , and cultivated crops like corn , beans , pumpkin , squash , and tobacco . Swampscott was first colonized by Europeans in 1629 when Francis Ingalls settled there and built
6076-555: The TV movie, is the eldest Brady daughter. Marcia is portrayed as a beautiful, mature, and popular girl at Westdale High School and acts as Greg's second-in-command for the other children. Her popularity is an ongoing source of contempt for her younger sister Jan. She is a great fan of TV-star idols Desi Arnaz Jr. and Davy Jones (both actors, portraying themselves, appeared in their own episode). Despite Marcia's reputation, she has her share of problems, such as unrequited crushes, insecurity over having braces , and insecurity over receiving
6200-405: The TV show, The Brady Bunch Hour , The Brady Girls Get Married and The Bradys , Jennifer Runyon in A Very Brady Christmas , Olivia Hack in the theatrical films and Sofia Vassilieva in the 2002 TV movie, is the youngest Brady daughter. She was portrayed as a naive, but occasionally precocious little girl, who was most often seen wearing her hair in corkscrew curls or braids and had
6324-489: The TV show, Jesse Soffer (credited as Jesse Lee) in the theatrical films, and Max Morrow in the TV movie, is the youngest Brady son. The clever and often overlooked youngest boy, Bobby was often portrayed as a whimsical dreamer, fantasizing about having various adventurous lifestyles, such as being a race car driver , a cowboy , and an astronaut . On one occasion, one of his fantasies came true when he got to play football with Joe Namath . On another occasion, Bobby became
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#17330850714276448-537: The UK. In Australia, many locally produced shows are termed differently on home video releases. For example, a set of the television drama series Packed to the Rafters or Wentworth is referred to as "season" ("The Complete First Season", etc.), whereas drama series such as Tangle are known as a "series" ("Series 1", etc.). British-produced shows such as Mrs. Brown's Boys are referred to as "season" in Australia for
6572-553: The United States, dramas produced for hour-long time slots typically are 37–42 minutes in length (excluding advertisements), while sitcoms produced for 30-minute time slots typically are 18–21 minutes long. There are exceptions: subscription-based TV channels, such as HBO , Starz, Cinemax, and Showtime, have episodes that are 45–48 minutes long, similar to the UK. Audience opinions of length have varied due to factors such as content overload . In Britain, dramas typically run from 46–48 minutes on commercial channels, and 57–59 minutes on
6696-720: The approximate height of a 30-story building, on the property of the Swampscott Middle School, but ultimately rejected the project. In a special election on October 19, 2021, voters approved a new $ 98 million elementary school to be built on the site of the Stanley School. This new school replaced all former schools and opened to students in September 2024. Swampscott is located at 42°28′27″N 70°54′21″W / 42.47417°N 70.90583°W / 42.47417; -70.90583 (42.474409, −70.905883). According to
6820-407: The bunch, he sometimes gets overexcited and acts before thinking. Nevertheless, he is a fun-loving boy whom girls adored later in the original series. He has a non-related lookalike named Arthur Owens (also played by Christopher Knight ), who is shown in the episode "Two Petes in a Pod". Peter is also the only one in the family with brown eyes—all the others had blue or green eyes. Peter later joined
6944-441: The case of a local newscast and some made-for-television films), or historical (as in the case of many documentaries and fictional series). They could be primarily instructional , educational , or entertaining, as is the case in situation comedy and game shows . A drama program usually features a set of actors playing characters in a historical or contemporary setting. The program follows their lives and adventures. Before
7068-510: The cast flew to Hawaii did they discover its curliness, due to the humidity of the tropical climate there. Mike Brady became associated with a perm in all other iterations of the Brady family in the decades since. As Gary Cole's hair was not as naturally curly (as seen in his other roles such as Bill Lumbergh in Office Space ), he wore a wig when portraying Mike. Mike had a firm personal integrity (for example, he refuses to participate in
7192-436: The character got older, Greg often attempted to disassociate himself from the younger siblings, eventually getting his own room in the attic . Despite this, Greg always sticks up for his younger siblings and helps them out whenever he can. He also frequently shows an ample sense of fair play, as when he refused to go along with a classmate's plan to spread a false rumor about Marcia at school. However, he has been known to cross
7316-465: The commercial networks typically air either in the winter as mid-season replacements for canceled US shows or in the summer (which may also improve their chances of being picked up by a US network for a summer run). While network orders for 13- or 22-episode seasons are still pervasive in the television industry, several shows have deviated from this traditional trend. Written to be closed-ended and of shorter length than other shows, they are marketed with
7440-448: The completed show. Most television networks throughout the world are 'commercial', dependent on selling advertising time or acquiring sponsors . Broadcasting executives' main concern over their programming is audience size. In the past, the number of 'free to air' stations was restricted by the availability of channel frequencies, but cable TV (outside the United States, satellite television ) technology has allowed an expansion in
7564-452: The episode. Director, actors, and crew gather at a television studio or on location for filming or videoing a scene. A scene is further divided into shots, which should be planned during pre-production. Depending on scheduling, a scene may be shot in non-sequential order of the story. Conversations may be filmed twice from different camera angles , often using stand-ins, so one actor might perform all their lines in one set of shots, and then
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#17330850714277688-402: The era and subject covered, these trucks were normally crewed by up to 15 skilled operators and production personnel. In the UK for most of the 20th century, the BBC was the preeminent provider of outside broadcast coverage. BBC crews worked on almost every major event, including Royal weddings and funerals, major political and sporting events, and even drama programs. Once principal photography
7812-501: The family, or make a name for herself at school. In the episode "Her Sister's Shadow", in exasperation at constantly being overshadowed by her older sister Marcia, she utters the now famous catch phrase , "Marcia, Marcia, Marcia!". This line would later be parodied in both The Brady Bunch Movie and used in a recurring Saturday Night Live sketch , as well as in the title of the Fanboy & Chum Chum episode "Marcia, Marcia, Marcia". As
7936-554: The financial risk on the studios; however, a hit show in the syndication and home video markets can more than make up for the misses. Although deficit financing places minimal financial risk on the networks, they lose out on the future profits of big hits since they are only licensing the shows. Costs are recouped mainly by advertising revenues for broadcast networks and some cable channels, while other cable channels depend on subscriptions. In general, advertisers, and consequently networks that depend on advertising, are more interested in
8060-542: The first Massachusetts Bay Colony tannery. Ingalls observed that the town's indigenous population lived in wigwams extending from Black Will's Cliff along the entire north shore. Swampscott has an important Revolutionary War site: the final home of General John Glover in Vinnin Square. During the War, the property was seized from Loyalist William Browne; Glover bought the land in 1781. The 1750s era Glover farmhouse, embedded in
8184-747: The first US prime time drama television series to have this kind of dramatic structure, while the later series Babylon 5 further exemplifies such structure in that it had a predetermined story running over its intended five-season run. In 2012, it was reported that television was growing into a larger component of major media companies' revenues than film. Some also noted the increase in quality of some television programs. In 2012, Academy Award-winning film director Steven Soderbergh , commenting on ambiguity and complexity of character and narrative, stated: "I think those qualities are now being seen on television, and that people who want to see stories that have those kinds of qualities are watching television." When
8308-452: The fourth episode, but a replacement look-alike was found. This version stayed on until partway through the second season, when he was quietly dropped from the series. This paralleled the Bradys' Friday night companion show, The Partridge Family , whose dog Simone also disappeared that year without an explanation. Tiger appeared in a total of ten episodes. Fluffy is the cat owned by Carol and
8432-432: The indigenous people living in the area, and it's estimated that fewer than 50 individuals remained by the late 17th century. Wood's New England Prospect lists "Swampscott" as a noted habitation in 1633 before extensive European settlement . According to an early twentieth century source, the name "Swampscott" is variously said to mean "at the red rock", "broken waters", or "pleasant water place". Indigenous people in
8556-452: The last half of the episodes are sometimes referred to with the letter B as in "The last nine episodes (of The Sopranos ) will be part of what is being called either 'Season 6, Part 2' or 'Season 6B ' ", or " Futurama is splitting its seasons similar to how South Park does, doing half a season at a time, so this is season 6B for them." Since the 1990s, these shorter seasons also have been referred to as "split" or "half" seasons, which
8680-437: The lines when he believes the situation warrants it (specifically, when he created a phony playbook to thwart a cheating quarterback from a rival high school). He has also been known to use the line, "Something suddenly came up", to break off a date (without giving a further explanation) so he can go out with a more desirable girl. Greg's dream of becoming a singer almost comes true when he was handpicked by record producers to be
8804-522: The meat"). Cousin Oliver stays with the Brady family during the last six episodes of the fifth and final season of The Brady Bunch . As explained in the episode "Welcome Aboard" from season five, Carol's brother Jack Tyler and his wife Pauline are traveling to an archaeological dig in South America , and because their son Oliver is unable to accompany them, he is sent to live with the Bradys. Cousin Oliver
8928-467: The middle child. In addition, Jan is also insecure about having freckles and wearing glasses , embarrassed about the fact she does not have a boyfriend (later in the series she invents a fictional boyfriend named "George Glass" in an effort to save her reputation), and concerned about her future appearance. In January 2015, this became the subject of an internet meme . A typical plot line surrounding Jan would feature her attempting to carve out her niche in
9052-538: The military for career guidance, as seen in The Brady Girls Get Married . In later sequels, he is an administrative assistant (at one point, working under his fiancée, Valerie; they later end their engagement), and still later, a business partner with Bobby. Peter was the only Brady child to not have a spouse or significant other when The Bradys was cancelled. Janet " Jan " Brady — née Janet " Jan " Martin , later Jan Brady-Covington (left center) —
9176-546: The move and became the first weekly televised variety show , earning host Milton Berle the name "Mr. Television", and demonstrating that the medium was a stable, modern form of entertainment that could attract advertisers . The first national live television broadcast in the US took place on September 4, 1951, when President Harry Truman 's speech at the Japanese Peace Treaty Conference in San Francisco
9300-483: The nearest point in New Hampshire , in the town of Salem . Swampscott is bordered by Marblehead to the northeast, Salem to the northwest, and Lynn to the southwest. The water rights of the town extend into Massachusetts Bay, bordered by those of Marblehead and Lynn. As of the census of 2020, there were 15,111 people, with 6,093 households and 2.45 persons per household, residing in the town. The population density
9424-417: The networks; it could originate from an independent production company (sometimes a product of both). For instance, the BBC 's long-running soap opera EastEnders is wholly a BBC production, whereas its popular drama Life on Mars was developed by Kudos in association with the broadcaster. There are still a significant number of programs (usually sitcoms ) that are built by just one or two writers and
9548-421: The next quarter to induce consumers to renew at least one more quarter. A standard television season in the United States runs predominantly during autumn . During the summer months of June through roughly mid-September, network schedules typically feature reruns of their flagship programs, first-run series with lower rating expectations, and other specials. First-run scripted series are typically shorter and of
9672-445: The next season. Sometimes they save it for mid-season or request rewrites and additional review. Other times, they pass entirely, forcing the show's creator to "shop it around" to other networks. Many shows never make it past the pilot stage. The method of "team writing" is employed on some longer dramatic series (usually running up to a maximum of around 13 episodes). The idea for such a program may be generated "in-house" by one of
9796-425: The northwest corner of town. There are three villages within town, Beach Bluff to the east, Phillips Point to the south, and Phillips Beach inland between the two. The town is centered around Monument Square, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted; which is 4 miles (6 km) south of Salem , 12 miles (19 km) northeast of Boston , and 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Cape Ann . The town is 23 miles (37 km) to
9920-503: The number of channels available to viewers (sometimes at premium rates) in a much more competitive environment. In the United States, the average broadcast network drama costs $ 3 million an episode to produce, while cable dramas cost $ 2 million on average. The pilot episode may be more expensive than a regular episode. In 2004, Lost 's two-hour pilot cost $ 10 to $ 14 million, in 2008, Fringe 's two-hour pilot cost $ 10 million, and in 2010, Boardwalk Empire
10044-427: The number of episodes would decrease. Australian situation comedy series' seasons are approximately 13 episodes long and premiere any time between February and November. British shows have tended toward shorter series in recent years. For example, the first series of long-running science fiction show Doctor Who in 1963 featured forty-two 25‑minute episodes, and continued with a similar number each year until it
10168-533: The number of viewers within the 18–49 age range than in the total number of viewers. Advertisers are willing to pay more to advertise on shows successful with young adults because they watch less television and are harder to reach. According to Advertising Age , during the 2007–08 season, Grey's Anatomy was able to charge $ 419,000 per commercial, compared to only $ 248,000 for a commercial during CSI , despite CSI having almost five million more viewers on average. Due to its strength with younger viewers, Friends
10292-533: The other side of the conversation is filmed from the opposite perspective. To complete a production on time, a second unit may be filming a different scene on another set or location at the same time, using a different set of actors, an assistant director, and a second unit crew. A director of photography supervises the lighting of each shot to ensure consistency. Live events are usually covered by Outside Broadcast crews using mobile television studios, known as scanners or OB trucks. Although varying greatly depending on
10416-454: The outset of the season. A midseason replacement is a less-expensive short-run show of generally 10 to 13 episodes designed to take the place of an original series that failed to garner an audience and has not been picked up. A "series finale" is the last show of the series before the show is no longer produced. (In the UK, it means the end of a season, what is known in the United States as a " season finale".) Streaming services time finales to
10540-501: The pilot "The Honeymoon", and her maternal grandmother, Connie Hutchins (Florence Henderson), appears in "You're Never Too Old". She has an unseen brother, Jack, and sister-in-law, Pauline (the parents of Cousin Oliver). During the original Brady Bunch series, Carol is a stay-at-home mother. In the sequels, she becomes a real estate agent, converting the boys' old room into her home office . How Carol's previous marriage ended (i.e., due to
10664-420: The principal photography of different episodes must be done at the same time, complicating the schedule (a guest star might shoot scenes from two episodes on the same afternoon). Complex scenes are translated from storyboard to animatics to further clarify the action. Scripts are adjusted to meet altering requirements. Some shows have a small stable of directors, but also usually rely on outside directors. Given
10788-409: The program are then resold for cash or put into a barter exchange (offered to an outlet for free in exchange for airing additional commercials elsewhere in the station's broadcast day). The terminology used to define a set of episodes produced by a television series varies from country to country. In North American television, a series is a connected set of television program episodes that run under
10912-484: The rest of the Brady clan), which were almost invariably met with "Oh, Alice!" responses. Alice was also known for her sky-blue housekeeping uniform, which she almost always wore. She also joined in the children's games (including playing basketball ), and went along with the family on vacations. Physical activity would sometimes cause Alice to throw her back out, making her immobile for a short period of time. Alice had an identical cousin, Emma (also played by Davis), who
11036-575: The roles of the three daughters. Cox said in a 2015 interview that one of the reasons she auditioned for The Brady Bunch Movie was that she was a fan of the original series, and that she used method acting during the film. Film critic Roger Ebert praised the character in The Brady Bunch Movie , saying that "a lot of the humor in the movie comes from the burning jealousy Jan feels for her popular older sister, Marcia". Robert " Bobby " Brady (bottom right), portrayed by Mike Lookinland in
11160-492: The same number of episodes per year as a drama. This is a reduction from the 1950s, in which many US shows (e.g. Gunsmoke ) had between 29 and 39 episodes per season. Actual storytelling time within a commercial television hour has also gradually reduced over the years, from 50 minutes out of every 60 to the current 44 (and even less on some networks), beginning in the early 21st century. The usage of "season" and "series" differ for DVD and Blu-ray releases in both Australia and
11284-413: The same title, possibly spanning many seasons. During the 1950s, it was common for television seasons to consist of more than 30 episodes—however, the average length has been declining since. Until the 1980s, most new programs for the US broadcast networks debuted in the "fall season", which ran from September through March and nominally contained 24 to 26 episodes. These episodes were rebroadcast during
11408-462: The schedule. In recent years, a new season would begin in early February, and the season finale would broadcast in early December. Since Home and Away ' s inception, it normally receives 230 episodes per season. Some seasons have seen between 205 and 235 episodes commissioned. During the Olympics , Home and Away would often go on hiatus, which was referred to as an "Olympic cliffhanger". Therefore,
11532-457: The seasons. In the made-for-television film The Brady Girls Get Married , Sam had been married to Alice for three and a half years. Sam was portrayed by Allan Melvin . Lewis Arquette portrayed Sam in A Very Brady Christmas , wearing a Santa Claus beard. The character is mentioned by the Beastie Boys in the lyrics to their 1989 song " Shake Your Rump " ("Like Sam the butcher bringing Alice
11656-414: The series started), and their three boys. Alice stayed on, to be the housekeeper for not only his boys, but for his new wife Carol and her three daughters. Alice was generally impartial toward the children, although she presented Jan with a locket at one point, "from one middle sister to another". Alice was best known for telling jokes (often self-deprecating , and usually interspersed with drier humor than
11780-563: The series, Alice dated Sam Franklin ( Allan Melvin ), who ran the local butcher shop. In the final season, Alice and Sam were engaged. Alice and Sam have won awards in Charleston dancing and bowling , which was parodied in The Brady Bunch Movie , in which Sam gave Alice a new bowling ball instead of an engagement ring. They were married some time after The Brady Bunch left the air in 1974 and before The Brady Girls Get Married . In
11904-413: The series, as well as Growing Pains which added a baby (who then becomes four years old a few episodes later) in order to boost ratings. The addition of younger children to sitcoms that seem to have run their course, in an attempt to improve declining ratings, became a television trend popularly known as the " Cousin Oliver syndrome ". Years later, Rist appeared with members of The Brady Bunch cast on
12028-458: The show changed their mind about casting Joyce Bulifant , who was originally cast as Carol Brady, and instead replaced her with Florence Henderson. The producers felt a more comedic, zany housekeeper would balance Henderson's soft-spoken, calm presence. Sam Franklin is Alice's boyfriend, who owns the local butcher shop. While he is frequently mentioned in dialogue, Sam actually appears in only eight episodes, although his appearances span all of
12152-529: The specified broadcast programming time slot. If the Nielsen ratings are good, the show is kept alive as long as possible. If not, the show is usually canceled . The show's creators are then left to shop around for remaining episodes, and the possibility of future episodes, on other networks. On especially successful series, the producers sometimes call a halt to a series on their own like Seinfeld , The Cosby Show , Corner Gas , and M*A*S*H and end it with
12276-509: The spring (or summer) season, from April through August. Because of cable television and the Nielsen sweeps , the "fall" season now normally extends to May. Thus, a "full season" on a broadcast network now usually runs from September through May for at least 22 episodes. A full season is sometimes split into two separate units with a hiatus around the end of the calendar year, such as the first season of Jericho on CBS. When this split occurs,
12400-418: The time constraints of broadcasting, a single show might have two or three episodes in pre-production, one or two episodes in principal photography, and a few more in various stages of post-production. The task of directing is complex enough that a single director can usually not work on more than one episode or show at a time, hence the need for multiple directors. Principal photography is the actual filming of
12524-580: The town was inhabited by members of the Naumkeag , Pennacook , and Pawtucket groups and Massachusett tribe. They spoke an Eastern Algonquin language , and the Pawtucket migrated seasonally throughout the eastern coasts of Massachusetts and Rhode Island . It's estimated that 50-100 indigenous individuals resided in the Swampscott area at the time of European colonization. A series of epidemics following European settlement, including smallpox , killed many of
12648-493: The way that US television does; for example, there is no " fall season" or "fall schedule". For many years, popular night-time dramas in Australia would run for much of the year, and would only go into recess during the summer period (December to February, as Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere), when ratings are not taken. Therefore, popular dramas would usually run from February through November each year. This schedule
12772-472: The wedding in the pilot), but his paternal grandfather, Judge Hank Brady (Robert Reed in a dual role), appears in one episode. Shortly into the fourth season, Mike Brady grew his hair into a longer, curly style. While men getting a perm or growing an Afro was in style at the time, Mike's perm happened by accident: as revealed by Florence Henderson decades later, Robert Reed had naturally curly hair and had been using chemicals to keep it straightened. Only when
12896-532: Was $ 114,086, and the median income for a family was $ 143,320. Married-couple families had a median income of $ 156,341 and non-family households had a median income of $ 60,880. The per capita income for the town was $ 63,585. The town is ranked 54th on the List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income . About 5% of Swampscott residents were below the poverty line, including 4% of those under 18 years, 4.2% of those 18-64, and 9.1% 65 years and older. The homeownership rate
13020-404: Was $ 18 million for the first episode. In 2011, Game of Thrones was $ 5 to $ 10 million, Pan Am cost an estimated $ 10 million, while Terra Nova 's two-hour pilot was between $ 10 and $ 20 million. Many scripted network television shows in the United States are financed through deficit financing: a studio finances the production cost of a show and a network pays
13144-491: Was 5,000.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,930.6/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 91.5% White , 1.2% Black or African American , 0.2% American Indian or Alaska Native , 2.6% Asian , 0.0% Pacific Islander , and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.6% of the population. There were a total of 6,093 households, out of which 30% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 57% of households were married couples living together, 26.6% were
13268-463: Was 73.4%, and the median value of owner-occupied housing units was $ 560,500. The median home sale price for the town in 2007 was $ 565,894. Home values typically range from around $ 400,000 to upwards of $ 5 million for ocean front homes. These prices are comparable to other wealthy North Shore towns such as Marblehead and Manchester-by-the-Sea which are located nearby. In upper class oceanfront neighborhoods and neighborhoods with ocean views or views of
13392-531: Was a retired master sergeant in the Women's Army Corps . Emma once filled in for Alice when Alice traveled out of town. Alice quit her job at one point when she felt the children no longer trusted her, becoming a waitress at a local restaurant. Her replacement Kay ( Mary Treen ), who did her work faithfully, but never tried to become close with the Bradys, told the kids where to find her ("The Golden Spoon at Fourth and Oak"), and they begged Alice to come back. For most of
13516-495: Was able to charge almost three times as much for a commercial as Murder, She Wrote , even though the two series had similar total viewer numbers at that time. Glee and The Office drew fewer total viewers than NCIS during the 2009–10 season, but earned an average of $ 272,694 and $ 213,617 respectively, compared to $ 150,708 for NCIS. After production, the show is handed over to the television network , which sends it out to its affiliate stations , which broadcast it in
13640-684: Was an important destination for the wealthy at the beginning of the 20th century. While Revere Beach , which lies just several miles down the road, has the honor of technically being America's first public beach, Swampscott was the de facto first resort town . Lynn was the divider between the poor beach and the rich resort town. The community lies within the Swampscott School District . Swampscott's public school system includes one elementary school, Swampscott Elementary School; one middle school, Swampscott Middle School; and one high school, Swampscott High School. The Machon elementary school
13764-618: Was announced for the fall of 1965, during which over half of all network prime-time programming would be broadcast in color. The first all-color prime-time season came just one year later. In 1972, the last holdout among daytime network shows converted to color, resulting in the first completely all-color network season. Television shows are more varied than most other forms of media due to the wide variety of formats and genres that can be presented. A show may be fictional (as in comedies and dramas ), or non-fictional (as in documentary , news , and reality television ). It may be topical (as in
13888-502: Was canceled before Schwartz could execute his plan. In 2009, Carol was included in Yahoo! 's Top 10 TV Moms from Six Decades of Television for the time period 1969–1974. She was also listed in the Top 5 Classic TV Moms by Film.com . Gregory " Greg " Brady (top right), portrayed by Barry Williams in the TV show, Christopher Daniel Barnes in theatrical films, and Chad Doreck in the TV movie,
14012-422: Was cancelled. Alice Nelson (center), (no relation to the Bradys.) best known to television viewers as simply Alice , is the housekeeper to the Brady family. She was portrayed by Ann B. Davis . Alice grew up in the same neighborhood as the Bradys, graduating from Westdale High School, the school Greg and Marcia attended in the series. Alice was the housekeeper to Mike Brady, his previous wife (who died before
14136-546: Was cancelled. The revival of Doctor Who from 2005 has comprised thirteen 45‑minute installments. There are some series in the UK that have a larger number of episodes, for example Waterloo Road started with 8 to 12 episodes, but from series three onward it increased to twenty episodes and series seven will contain 30 episodes. Recently, US non-cable networks have also begun to experiment with shorter series for some programs, particularly reality shows, such as Survivor . They often air two series per year, resulting in roughly
14260-447: Was frequently out of work, due to either layoffs or getting fired) join their sisters-in-law (Nora and Tracy) to open a catering business. Peter Brady (right center), portrayed by Christopher Knight in the TV show, Paul Sutera in theatrical films, and Blake Foster in the TV movie, is the middle Brady son. Peter often thinks badly of himself, such as believing he has no personality in the episode "The Personality Kid". The clumsiest of
14384-497: Was her professor. The Covingtons briefly separate in A Very Brady Christmas , but they reconcile. However, they are unable to conceive their own children and in The Bradys adopt a Korean girl named Patty. Child actress Debi Storm (who later appeared on The Brady Bunch episode "My Fair Opponent" as Molly) was producer Sherwood Schwartz's original choice to play Jan Brady in the original series, until he decided to cast all blondes for
14508-464: Was his boss until the final episodes of the series, when it was Harry Matthews. By the time A Very Brady Christmas and The Bradys aired, Mike was the senior partner at the firm. Both Gene Hackman and Jeffrey Hunter were considered for the role of Mike Brady. Hackman was Sherwood Schwartz's first choice, but he was rejected by Paramount for not having enough experience. Jeffrey Hunter approached Schwartz to play Mike Brady, but Schwartz felt Hunter
14632-491: Was played by actor Robbie Rist . Cousin Oliver was eight years old (Rist was actually nine) and very young in contrast to the other kids, all of whom were twelve or older—an apparent attempt to restore some of the appeal the series had enjoyed when the other children were younger. Some fans would later call the addition of Cousin Oliver the moment when the series " jumped the shark ". Similarly, in The Partridge Family
14756-546: Was portrayed by Eve Plumb in the TV series as well as The Brady Girls Get Married , The Brady Brides , A Very Brady Christmas and The Bradys . Plumb was unable to return for The Brady Bunch Hour variety show, so she was replaced with Geri Reischl . Jennifer Elise Cox portrayed the character in the two theatrical films, and Ashley Drane in the TV movie. Jan is the middle Brady daughter, and many of her storylines often involve Jan being jealous of her more popular older sister, Marcia, or Jan's awkward position as
14880-399: Was reduced to twenty-five for 1970 to accommodate changes in production and significantly reducing the actors' workload) and continued to 1984. For 1985 fewer but longer episodes were shown, but even after a return to shorter episodes in 1986, lack of support within the BBC meant fewer episodes were commissioned leading to only fourteen 25‑minute episodes up to those in 1989 after which it
15004-468: Was shut down in 2007, and is now a mixed-income senior community. After construction of Swampscott Elementary School was completed in 2024, the Hadley Elementary School was shut down. Stanley Elementary School and Clarke Elementary School are also located in Swampscott. A new building was completed in 2007 for Swampscott High School. In 2011, Swampscott considered installing a wind turbine, with
15128-422: Was too attractive to play a down-to-earth architect. In 2004, TV Guide ranked Mike Brady number 14 on its 50 Greatest TV Dads of All Time list. Caroline Ann " Carol " Brady – f/k/a Caroline Ann " Carol " Martin , née Caroline Ann Tyler (top center), portrayed by Florence Henderson in the TV series and Shelley Long in movies, is the wife of Mike Brady. At the beginning of the pilot, her last name
15252-402: Was transmitted over AT&T 's transcontinental cable and microwave radio relay system to broadcast stations in local markets. The first national color broadcast (the 1954 Tournament of Roses Parade ) in the US occurred on January 1, 1954. During the following ten years, most network broadcasts, and nearly all local programming, continued to be in black-and-white. The color transition
15376-459: Was used in the 1970s for popular dramas, including Number 96 . Many drama series, such as McLeod's Daughters , have received between 22 and 32 episodes per season. Typically, soap operas , which have always run in season format in Australia, such as Home and Away , would usually begin a new season in late January, while the season finale would air in late November, as the show is off air for two months, or sometimes longer, depending on
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