47-556: Carlow–Kildare was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann , the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1937 to 1948. The constituency elected 4 deputies ( Teachtaí Dála , commonly known as TDs) to the Dáil, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). The constituency was created for the 1937 general election under
94-571: A Dáil term may last no longer than five years; however, the house can be dissolved by the president at any time at the request of the Taoiseach (head of government). Dáil elections use the electoral system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote . The Dáil has 160 members. The Seanad is not directly elected but consists of a mixture of members selected in a number of different ways. There are 60 senators: 43 are elected by councillors and parliamentarians, 11 are appointed by
141-645: A common building complex. The Houses of the Oireachtas Commission was established by statute in 2003 to provide a formal structure for this, which was previously done by a joint committee. Non-political support staff, such as ushers and the English–Irish translation staff, are employed by this Commission and treated as part of the Civil Service of the State . The Commission's chairperson and chief executive are
188-566: A different colour background to the preceding cell and denotes an incumbent who defected or won a re-election for another party. Independent Unionist Sinn Féin Ulster Unionist Cumann na nGaedheal Independent Fianna Fáil Ceann Comhairle Independent Fianna Fáil Labour Fine Gael Human Dignity Alliance King James VI of Scotland , on ascending
235-506: A pilot service on UPC Ireland . On 22 September 2014, the Houses launched the dedicated television channel Oireachtas TV, bringing unfiltered access to the parliamentary process to over one million households nationwide. The service is available free of charge on UPC Channel 207 and Sky Channel 574. In 2012, the Oireachtas launched its first e-consultation. On 28 June 2008, the first Houses of
282-533: A single constituency with two seats, as Combined English Universities . They were Birmingham , Bristol , Durham , Leeds , Liverpool , Manchester , and Sheffield . Reading was added in August 1928. The University of Wales also received one seat in 1918. 1918 also saw the introduction of the Single Transferable Vote for university constituencies. The Labour government in 1930 attempted to abolish
329-452: Is a constituency , used in elections to a legislature, that represents the members of one or more universities rather than residents of a geographical area. These may or may not involve plural voting , in which voters are eligible to vote in or as part of this entity and their home area's geographical constituency. When James VI inherited the English throne in 1603, the system was adopted by
376-608: Is defined geographically rather than by university; graduates of any approved Indian university may choose to register in the graduates' constituency of their place of residence instead of registering in the ordinary constituency. There are two university constituencies in Seanad Éireann , with graduates of the Dublin University and National University of Ireland entitled to elect three Senators each. Only graduates who are Irish citizens are entitled to vote in these elections. There
423-626: Is no residency requirement so those qualifying who are resident outside the State may vote. Elections are conducted under the single transferable vote and by postal ballot. The Parliament of Ireland that existed until 1801 included the university constituency of Dublin University . This was continued in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom , and in 1918, the National University of Ireland
470-504: Is the bicameral parliament of Ireland . The Oireachtas consists of the president of Ireland and the two houses of the Oireachtas ( Irish : Tithe an Oireachtais ): a house of representatives called Dáil Éireann and a senate called Seanad Éireann . The houses of the Oireachtas sit in Leinster House in Dublin , an eighteenth-century ducal palace . The directly elected Dáil
517-717: Is the more powerful of the houses of the Oireachtas. The word oireachtas comes from the Irish word airecht / oireacht ("deliberative assembly of freemen; assembled freemen; assembly, gathering; patrimony, territory"), ultimately from the word airig ("freeman"). Its first recorded use as the name of a legislative body was within the Irish Free State . Dáil Éireann is directly elected under universal suffrage of all Irish citizens who are residents and at least eighteen years old; non-Irish citizens may be enfranchised by law, which currently extends to British citizens. By law,
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#1733085256836564-652: The Ceann Comhairle and clerk of the Dáil respectively; other members are the Cathaoirleach of the Seanad, one appointed by the Minister for Finance , four by the Dáil, and three by the Seanad. The Commission, through the translation department, is responsible for periodic updates to An Caighdeán Oifigiúil , the official standard form of the Irish language . University constituencies A university constituency
611-532: The Electoral (Revision of Constituencies) Act 1935 , replacing the old Carlow–Kilkenny and Kildare constituencies. Under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1947 , the constituency was abolished, and the Carlow–Kilkenny and Kildare constituencies were re-created for the 1948 general election . The constituency covered all of County Kildare , and most of County Carlow . Carlow–Kildare's boundaries were defined by
658-574: The English throne , brought to the English Parliament a practice which endured in the Scottish Parliament of allowing the universities to elect members. The king believed that the universities were often affected by the decisions of Parliament, and ought therefore to have representation in it. James gave the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford two seats each from 1603. On
705-914: The Free State Senate was abolished in May 1936 and the role of the monarch was removed in December 1936. The modern Oireachtas came into being in December 1937, on the adoption of the Constitution of Ireland . The first Oireachtas radio and television broadcasts were of ceremonial addresses from dignitaries , beginning with that of John F. Kennedy during his 1963 state visit. Regular radio broadcasting of edited Oireachtas proceedings began in October 1986, although budget statements had already been broadcast live. Television coverage of Dáil, Seanad, and committee proceedings began in 1990, 1991, and 1993 respectively. Since 2005
752-782: The Parliament of England . The system was continued in the Parliament of Great Britain (from 1707 to 1800) and the United Kingdom Parliament , until 1950. It was also used in the Parliament of Ireland , in the Kingdom of Ireland , from 1613 to 1800, and in the Irish Free State from 1922 to 1936. Such constituencies have also existed in Japan and in some countries of the British Empire such as India . At present there are four instances in two countries of university constituencies: two in
799-511: The Parliament of Ireland since 1613, was allowed one member from 1801 and two from 1832. In 1868, three new one-member seats were created: University of London ; Glasgow and Aberdeen universities combined; and St Andrews and Edinburgh universities combined. In 1918, the Queen's University of Belfast and the National University of Ireland each received seats. Both these, as well as
846-468: The Parliament of Northern Ireland until it was abolished in 1968 (with effect from the dissolution of Parliament in 1969) by the Electoral Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1968 (c. 20 (N.I.)). This was one of several measures by the then Northern Ireland Prime Minister Terence O'Neill to reform elements of the election franchise and deal with many long-standing civil rights grievances. The members for
893-673: The Seanad Éireann (the upper—and in general less powerful—house of the legislature of the Republic of Ireland ) and two in the Senate of Rwanda . As shown, at Westminster (in the English then successor British parliaments) 4 seats were incepted in 1603 and the final total, 12, were abolished in 1950. The Northern Irish body was the last in the UK to abolish such seats: it abolished its four for Queens, Belfast in 1969. Six such seats continue in Seanad Éireann ,
940-755: The 1935 Act as: The Act defines the parts of Carlow in the Wicklow constituency as: The parts of Carlow in the Wexford constituency are defined as: Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election. Oireachtas Opposition (75) Vacant Opposition (16) Vacant The Oireachtas ( / ˈ ɛr ə k t ə s / EH -rək-təs , Irish: [ˈɛɾʲaxt̪ˠəsˠ] ), sometimes referred to as Oireachtas Éireann ,
987-573: The Constitution (Amendment No. 23) Act 1936 and the Electoral (University Constituencies) Act 1936, which took effect on the dissolution of the Dáil in 1937. These two constituencies were recreated in Seanad Éireann under the Constitution of Ireland adopted in 1937, with the first Seanad election in 1938. In 1979, the Seventh Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland permitted a redistribution of
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#17330852568361034-646: The English, and later British, Parliament . This Parliament consisted of the King of Ireland , who was the same person as the King of England, a House of Lords and a House of Commons . In 1800 the Irish Parliament approved its own abolition when it enacted the Act of Union , which came into effect from 1 January 1801. The next legislature to exist in Ireland came into being in 1919. This
1081-507: The King, the House of Commons of Southern Ireland and the Senate of Southern Ireland . The Parliament of Southern Ireland was formally abolished in 1922, with the establishment of the Oireachtas under the Constitution of the Irish Free State . The Oireachtas of the Irish Free State consisted of the King (represented by a Governor-General ) and two houses: Dáil Éireann (described as a "Chamber of Deputies") and Seanad Éireann. However,
1128-494: The Oireachtas as follows:—". The Oireachtas has exclusive power to: The Oireachtas has a number of joint committees that include members of both houses. There are currently fifteen of these: Oireachtas has been the title of two parliaments in Irish history : the current Oireachtas of Ireland, since 1937, and, immediately before that, the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State of 1922 to 1937. The earliest parliament in Ireland
1175-429: The Oireachtas family day was held. This initiative by the Ceann Comhairle of Dáil Éireann , John O'Donoghue and the Cathaoirleach of Seanad Éireann , Pat Moylan aimed to increase public awareness in the work of the Houses of the Oireachtas. It included tours of both chambers of the Oireachtas, lectures on the history of Oireachtas, historic political speeches recited by actors and a hot air balloon – commemorating
1222-476: The Seanad (although the Dáil can override a Seanad refusal to pass a bill), and then signed into law by the president. Bills to amend the Constitution must also be approved by the people in a referendum prior to being presented to the President. In most circumstances, the president is in effect obliged to sign all laws approved by the Houses of the Oireachtas, although the president has the power to refer most bills to
1269-463: The Supreme Court for a ruling on constitutionality. The powers of the Seanad are in effect limited to delay rather than veto. It is the Dáil, therefore, that is the supreme tier of the Irish legislature. The general enacting formula for Acts of the Oireachtas is: "Be it enacted by the Oireachtas as follows:—", for an act with a preamble this enacting formula is, instead, "Be it therefore enacted by
1316-681: The Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern , proposed that Northern Ireland MPs should be able to address a committee of the whole Dáil. However, Fine Gael , the Labour Party , and Ahern's coalition partners, the Progressive Democrats , all opposed the idea, as did the Green Party , the Socialist Party and some Oireachtas members from Fianna Fáil . Only Sinn Féin, the party that stood to gain most from
1363-404: The Taoiseach, and six are elected by two university constituencies . The president is directly elected once every seven years, and may serve a maximum of two terms; where there is only one candidate for president, no ballot will be taken, and the candidate will be deemed elected at the close of nominations. To become law, a bill must first be approved by both the Dáil and in most circumstances
1410-556: The University of Dublin, also received four seats in the devolved Stormont parliament and the Southern Ireland parliament respectively that were established in 1920 and first used in elections in 1921. Also in 1918, the Scottish universities switched to all electing three members jointly (see Combined Scottish Universities ). In 1918, all the other English universities (i.e. except for Cambridge, Oxford and London) were enfranchised as
1457-593: The adoption of the modern Constitution of India . Nevertheless, today the President of India has the authority to appoint not more than twelve scientists, artists, or other persons who have special knowledge in similar fields, to the Rajya Sabha , the upper house in the Parliament of India . Currently, the upper houses of the state legislatures in the six states that have them have graduates' constituencies, that elect one-twelfth of their members. Each graduates' constituency
Carlow–Kildare (Dáil constituency) - Misplaced Pages Continue
1504-408: The balloon flight which took place in 1785 from Leinster Lawn. The Oireachtas family day took place again in 2009, but it has not been held since then. Although, as adopted in 1937, Article 3 of the constitution asserted the "right of the parliament and government established by this constitution to exercise jurisdiction" over the whole of Ireland, it also provided that pending the "re-integration of
1551-461: The formal Union (1707), Scottish universities lost their representatives as none were appointed to the Parliament of Great Britain (at Westminster ). The voters were the graduates of the university, whether they were resident or not; they could vote for the university seats in addition to any other vote that they might have . After the Act of Union 1800 with Ireland , the University of Dublin ( Trinity College ), which had elected two MPs to
1598-413: The grounds that this would amount to representation "without taxation or responsibility". Beginning with Seamus Mallon in 1982, one or more from Northern Ireland have been included among the eleven Senators nominated by the Taoiseach after most elections. Sinn Féin has advocated that Northern Ireland MLAs , MPs , and MEPs should have the right to participate in Dáil debates, if not vote. In 2005
1645-463: The national territory" Acts of the Oireachtas would not apply to Northern Ireland. Therefore, no serious attempts have been made for the representation of Northern Ireland in the Dáil. As Taoiseach, Éamon de Valera , while a staunch opponent of partition, and who had been elected to represent a Northern constituency in the First Dáil , did not pursue the idea of seats in the Dáil for Northern Ireland, on
1692-861: The preceding cell and denotes an incumbent who defected or won a re-election for another party. Conservative Irish Unionist Liberal Liberal Unionist Some of these seats were filled through STV. Christian Pacifist Coalition Liberal (1918–22) / National Liberal (1922–23) Conservative Independent Independent Conservative Independent Liberal Independent Progressive Independent Unionist Labour Liberal National Government National Labour National Liberal (1931–68) Sinn Féin Ulster Unionist A cell marked → has
1739-619: The proceedings of both houses have been made available over the internet by HEAnet and the eDemocracy Unit of the Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas. Houses of the Oireachtas Channel (publicly known as Oireachtas TV) is a digital television channel in Ireland. It broadcasts Committee and Houses and other parliament proceedings following its establishment under the Broadcasting Act 2009 . On 15 November 2011, it began broadcasting
1786-466: The proposal, supported it, while the more moderate Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) described it as a step forward. The proposal was also criticised widely in the media, with an editorial in The Irish Times , declaring that: "The overwhelming democratic imperative is that the institutions of this State should represent and serve the people of the State." From 2011, Northern Ireland MEPs had
1833-527: The same automatic right as MEPs from the Republic to participate in meetings of the Seanad's European committee, whereas other MEPs require an invitation. This ended in 2020 when the United Kingdom left the EU, which consequently meant all UK MEPs left office. While each house is empowered to organise its own business, they have always co-operated in practical matters arising from the fact that they share Leinster House as
1880-523: The seats whilst Labour prime minister and many now felt the seats were being used to provide a failed politician with a seat he could not find elsewhere. The humorist and law reform activist A. P. Herbert sat as an independent member for Oxford University from 1935 to 1950. He described the counting of the votes at the 1935 election in a chapter entitled ' P.R.': Or, Standing for Oxford in his 1936 book Mild and Bitter . India had university constituencies before independence, but these were abolished with
1927-401: The six university seats between graduates of these named universities and any other institutes of higher education in the state. This was in anticipation of a possible dissolution of the National University of Ireland , but this did not in fact occur, and no change was made to the electorate of these constituencies. Some politicians have called for university representation to be abolished, on
Carlow–Kildare (Dáil constituency) - Misplaced Pages Continue
1974-628: The university constituencies but was defeated in the House of Commons . Although the members for the university constituencies were usually Conservatives , in the later years independent candidates began to win many of the seats. The Labour government finally abolished the university constituencies via the Representation of the People Act 1948 , with effect from the dissolution of Parliament in 1950, along with all other examples of plural voting . The Queen's University, Belfast constituency survived in
2021-527: The university constituencies include many notable statesmen: William Pitt the Younger and Lord Palmerston both served as MPs for Cambridge University, and Robert Peel and William Ewart Gladstone each served as MP for Oxford University for portions of their careers. In his last years Ramsay MacDonald was MP for Combined Scottish Universities after losing his previous seat in the 1935 general election . Many criticised this, as he had previously sought to abolish
2068-399: The upper chamber of the Oireachtas (legislature of the Republic of Ireland ). They are the sole directly elected members of the Seanad, with the remainder of the seats being elected by a combination of members of Oireachtas, incoming TDs and outgoing Senators, and local councillors, along with 11 members appointed by the Taoiseach . A cell marked → has a different colour background to
2115-454: Was a unicameral parliament established by Irish republicans , known simply as Dáil Éireann . This revolutionary Dáil was notionally a legislature for the whole island of Ireland. In 1920, in parallel to the Dáil, the British government created a home rule legislature called the Parliament of Southern Ireland . However, this parliament was boycotted by most Irish politicians. It was made up of
2162-528: Was also given representation there. When the Irish Free State seceded from the UK in 1922, its new lower house of parliament, the Free State Dáil , had three seats each for the two university constituencies. However, under the Electoral Act 1923 voters registered in a university constituency were not permitted to also vote in a geographical one. Both university constituencies were ultimately abolished by
2209-509: Was the Parliament of Ireland , which was founded in the thirteenth century as the supreme legislative body of the lordship of Ireland and was in existence until 1801. This parliament governed the English-dominated part of Ireland, which at first was limited to Dublin and surrounding cities, but later grew to include the entire island. The Irish Parliament was, from the passage of Poynings' Law in 1494 until its repeal in 1782, subordinate to
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