87-820: Carlos Zerpa (born 1950 in Valencia , Venezuela ), was a 20th-century Latin American painter. He moved to live in Milan in 1973 to study printmaking and photography at the Scuola Cova, and design with Bruno Munari at the Instituto Politécnico. Zerpa was a self-taught painter, by 1974 he was creating installations and performance pieces. He returned to Venezuela in 1980, but spent two years in New York: (1982 to 1984). By 1984 he ceased performing and concentrated on making objects. His work
174-537: A subtropical highland climate ( Cfb ) due to its elevated location within the Venezuelan Coastal Range (Maritime Andes) . Caracas precipitation varies between 900 and 1,300 millimeters (35 and 51 inches) (annual), in the city proper to 2,000 millimeters (79 inches) in some parts of the Mountain range. While Caracas is within the tropics, due to its altitude temperatures are cooler compared to other locations with
261-574: A barely detectable chair in the sky above the figure, appropriated from van Gogh's painting of his bedroom in Arles . Other works by the Carlos Zerpa series are, [El Dorado], [The Golden One] in the Nova series of 1987, acrylic on canvas 192x132 cm which exhibited at Caracas, Mercantil Collection. Other paintings Zerpa interprets [Acephalous, or The Headless One](1987), [This Golden Whale] (1987), [Trito, an Adam in
348-409: A distinct wet season from May to November. The dry season extends from December to April, with significantly lower precipitation. Valencia, due to its latitude and closeness to the sea, has relatively warm temperatures. The yearly average is 26 °C (79 °F), (23.3 °C (73.9 °F) in the shade, a maximum of 32.6 °C (90.7 °F) and minimum of 18.5 °C (65.3 °F)). The city
435-466: A golden shell with the red cross of Santiago; and its seal is a crown with five golden points". In the same act, the king declared Caracas as "The Most Noble and Very Loyal City of Santiago de León de Caracas". The anthem of the city is the Marcha a Caracas , written by the composer Tiero Pezzuti de Matteis with the lyrics by José Enrique Sarabia and approved in 1984. Caracas is contained entirely within
522-475: A good environment for both agricultural and arable farming, which contributed to the system of commerce but meant that the town's population was initially sparse, as it was only large enough to support a few farms. In 1577, Caracas became the capital of the Spanish Empire 's Venezuela Province under the province's new governor, Juan de Pimentel (1576–1583). In the 1580s, Caraqueños started selling food to
609-633: A mountain range called the Coastal Range ( Cordillera de la Costa ). On the eastern outskirts of the city lies Lake Valencia , Venezuela's second-largest lake. To the West and Northeastern part there are mountains. To the south is an extension of the Venezuelan grasslands, the Llanos. The elevation of the city is 520 metres (1,710 feet). Valencia has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen : Aw ). The city experiences
696-453: A mythology of its human and animal inhabitants primarily located in the Caribbean and the area now occupied by Venezuela. Zerpa after Christopher Columbus encountering "new tribes, strange animals and lush forests" Carlos capitalized these myths as well as on his grasp of Western art history, from which he appropriated liberally. Influence: Carlos Zerpa series the" India Nova's" El Dorado
783-571: A quarter of its population migrated in 1814, and the Venezuelan War of Independence continued until 24 June 1821, when Simón Bolívar defeated royalists in the Battle of Carabobo . Urban reforms only took place towards the end of the 19th century, under Antonio Guzmán Blanco : some landmarks were built, but the city remained distinctly colonial until the 1930s. Caracas grew in size, population, and economic importance during Venezuela's oil boom in
870-618: A rectangular shape. The basin is formed by the Caracas Valley, which is relatively high, narrow and long, surrounded by the high and steep Cordillera de la Costa, which runs parallel to the Litoral. Among the characteristics of the hydrographic network associated with the city of Caracas is the high degree of contamination present in the lower parts of the Guaire River due to its tributaries having been used for sewage collection since 1874, during
957-649: A state-run organization, is the largest company in Venezuela, and negotiates all the international agreements for the distribution and export of petroleum. When it existed, the airline Viasa had its headquarters in the Torre Viasa. Several international companies and embassies are located in El Rosal and Las Mercedes , in the Caracas area. The city also serves as a hub for communication and transportation infrastructure between
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#17328989256351044-570: A sudden nightly drop in temperature, until reaching 8 °C (46 °F). This peculiar weather is known by the natives of Caracas as the Pacheco . In addition, nightly temperatures at any time of the year are much (7 to 11 °C) lower than daytime highs and usually do not remain above 24 °C (75 °F) , resulting in very pleasant evening temperatures. Hailstorms appear in Caracas, although only on rare occasions. Electrical storms are much more frequent, especially between June and October, due to
1131-532: A third of its land, in poorly-planned slums that are generally dangerous to live in and access. Caracas has exceeded the administrative limits of its perimeter due to accelerated population growth, so that its most suitable demographic study territory is the Metropolitan District or AMC. According to 2011 calculations by the National Institute of Statistics, the metropolitan city had a population for
1218-410: A typical tropical savanna climate. The annual average temperature is approximately 23.4 °C (74 °F), with the average of the coldest month (January) 21.7 °C (71 °F) and the average of the warmest month (May) 24.5 °C (76 °F), which gives a small annual thermal amplitude of 2.8 °C (5.0 °F). In the months of December and January abundant fog may appear, in addition to
1305-526: A valley of the Venezuelan Central Range , and is separated from the Caribbean coast by a roughly 15-kilometer (9 mi) expanse of El Ávila National Park . The valley is relatively small and quite irregular, and the altitude varies from between 870 and 1,043 meters (2,854 and 3,422 ft) above sea level ; the historic center lies at about 900 meters (3,000 feet) above sea level. This, along with
1392-463: Is twinned with: Caracas Caracas ( / k ə ˈ r æ k ə s , - ˈ r ɑː k -/ kə- RA(H)K -əs , Spanish: [kaˈɾakas] ), officially Santiago de León de Caracas ( CCS ), is the capital and largest city of Venezuela , and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern part of
1479-526: Is also the largest city in the Valencia-Maracay metropolitan region, which with a population of about 4.5 million is the country's second largest after that of Caracas . Caracas lies some 172 kilometres (107 miles) away to the east. The area was already inhabited in the fourth millennium BC. The inhabitants were mainly hunters and gatherers who might have already developed some elementary forms of agriculture. Between AD 200 and 1000 an important settlement
1566-462: Is based upon a fixed currency-exchange-rate of 2003 and might not be completely realistic, due to the elevated inflation rates of the last several years. In 2013, the World Economic Forum evaluated countries in terms of how successful they were in advertising campaigns to attract foreign visitors. Out of the 140 countries evaluated, Venezuela came last. A major factor that has contributed to
1653-478: Is called ranchos, built improvised, without any official planning, with deficiencies and inadequate materials, marking a difference between those who live in the valley proper, 45% of the population in 25% of the urban area lives in these settlements. The city center, developed around a small historic center, represents less than a quarter of the total area of the city, which has spread along the valley and has also been connected in recent years with satellite cities in
1740-506: Is in many ways autobiographical. It recalls department store displays cases which serve as stages for his homages to the past. Zerpa also trained in design, photography and printmaking, paintings, drawings, sculptures, performances and installations, He exhibited internationally and won many awards. Carlos Zerpa trained in Italy, Germany, and United States; he blended kitsch with references to Giotto , van Gogh , Picasso , and Duchamp . His focus
1827-787: Is located 479 metres (1,572 feet) above sea level . Winds reduce the temperature in the afternoon. The Cabriales river has problems with pollution. The most important waste disposal centre of Greater Valencia and Carabobo is located southwest of Valencia proper, in the Municipio Libertador, in La Guásima. There, waste is basically burnt without any special equipment. The City of Valencia is made of five (5) municipalities: Valencia , Libertador , Los Guayos , Naguanagua , and San Diego . Venezuelan law specifies that every municipal government must have four main functions: executive, legislative, comptroller, and planning. The executive function
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#17328989256351914-477: Is managed by the mayor of each municipality, who is in charge of representing the municipality's administration. The legislative branch is represented by the Municipal Council, composed of seven councillors for each municipality, charged with the deliberation of new decrees and local laws. The comptroller tasks are managed by the municipal comptroller 's office, which oversees accountancy . Finally, planning
2001-724: Is represented by the Local Public Planning Council, which manages development projects for the municipality. The main newspapers of the region are El Carabobeño and Notitarde , with a circulation going from 75,000 to 92,000. The main TV Stations in Valencia are Ecovisión (Channel 36 UHF) and DAT TV (Channel 30 UHF) The private Digital Newspaper of Carabobo State is Agencia Carabobeña de Noticias (ACN). The main centre of higher education in Nueva Valencia del Rey
2088-918: Is the University of Carabobo , one of the most important public universities of Venezuela. The direction of the University and some administratives centres are located in the Valencia Municipality , whereas most of the buildings are currently in the Naguanagua of the same city. Other institutions of higher education are the Universidad Tecnológica del Centro (UNITEC), Universidad Arturo Michelena (UAM), Universidad José Antonio Páez (UJAP), Universidad Alejandro de Humboldt (UAH), Universidad Experimental Politécnica de las Fuerzas Armadas (UNEFA) in La Isabelica,
2175-961: Is the Manuel Feo La Cruz Public Library, located in the city centre and open daily. Other public libraries are the Public Library of the Athenaeum of Valencia and the Morita Carillo Public Library, in the San Blas civic parish. The city is well connected with the rest of the country by a network of highways and roads maintained by INVIAL. Valencia is home of the Venezuelan LVBP baseball team Navegantes del Magallanes . Other professional teams include Trotamundos de Carabobo ( LPB basketball), Carabobo FC ( FVF soccer), and Industriales de Valencia (volleyball). Valencia
2262-586: Is the largest private company in Venezuela. Caracas is also Venezuela's cultural capital, with many restaurants, theaters, museums, and shopping centers. Caracas has some of the tallest skyscrapers in Latin America, such as the Parque Central Towers . The Museum of Contemporary Art of Caracas is one of the most important in South America. Before the city was founded in 1567, the valley of Caracas
2349-754: The Brígido Iriarte Stadium , home to Atlético Venezuela, with a capacity of 12,000 spectators. In basketball, the Cocodrilos de Caracas play their games in the Gimnasio José Beracasa in the El Paraíso neighborhood. Caracas is the seat of the National Institute of Sports and of the Venezuelan Olympic Committee . The city hosted the 1983 Pan American Games . The Central University of Venezuela ( Universidad Central de Venezuela , UCV)
2436-589: The Caracas Museum of Contemporary Art ; and the Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex were built, as well as the Caracas Metro and a developed downtown area. Urban development was rapid, leading to the growth of slums on the hillsides surrounding the new city. Much of the city development also fell into disrepair come the end of the 20th century, with the 1980s oil glut and political instability like
2523-539: The Caracazo , meaning maintenance can not be sustained. The economic and social problems persist throughout the capital and country, characterized as the Crisis in Venezuela . By 2017, Caracas was the most violent city in the world. The coat of arms was adopted in 1591. Simón de Bolívar, an ancestor of Venezuelan liberator Simón Bolívar, had been named the first procurator general of the Venezuelan province in 1589. He served as
2610-607: The Dutch Empire , which Caraqueños later proved sympathetic to; by the 1670s, Caracas had a trading route through Curaçao . In 1728, the Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas was founded by the king, and the cacao business grew in importance. Caracas was made one of the three provinces of Nueva Granada , corresponding to Venezuela, in 1739. Over the next three decades the Viceroyalty was variously split, with Caracas province becoming
2697-556: The Iraq War , and in 2012 there were 13,080 murders in Venezuela, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime . By 2019, Caracas was the city with the sixth highest homicide rate in the world outside of a warzone , with a rate of around 76 murders per 100,000 people. In 2023 it was the nineteenth , with a rate of around 52 murders per 100,000 people. Most murders and other violent crimes go unsolved, with estimates of
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2784-465: The 1540s, the colony had been de facto controlled by Spaniards. Moving eastward from Coro, groups of Spanish settlers founded inland towns including Barquisimeto and Valencia before reaching the Caracas valley. On 25 July 1567, Captain Diego de Losada laid the foundations of the city of Santiago de León de Caracas . De Losada had been commissioned to capture the valley, and was successful by splitting
2871-516: The 1960s, President Rómulo Betancourt followed the same policy as the Marcos Pérez Jiménez government: promoting immigration, especially from Latin America and from other parts of the world. These policies were maintained until the late 1980s, with a notable influx of Argentines, Uruguayans, Chileans, Cubans, Peruvians, Ecuadorians, Chinese, and Arabs. Towards the beginning of the 1980s, immigration
2958-465: The 2011 census of 2,923,959 inhabitants. The Metropolitan District represents less than 1% of the national territory and is home to one-fifteenth of the total population of the country. In percentage numbers, 9.2% of the nation's total population lives in the five capital municipalities, out of the 335 municipalities that comprise the country. The region is called Greater Caracas or Metropolitan Region of Caracas (RMC) satellite cities or adjacent bedrooms:
3045-565: The Altos Mirandinos, the Central Coast of La Guaira, Guarenas, Guatire and the Valles del Tuy. This agglomeration had an estimated population of 4.3 million inhabitants in 2011. In the 20th century, an exodus of the peasantry to the capital and other cities intensified, motivated by a search for improvements in their quality of life. This led to depopulation of the rural areas of the country and
3132-829: The Capital District is a government system constituted by an executive body exercised by a Head of Government, and the legislative function will be in charge of the National Assembly. Before the creation of the Metropolitan District, the Federal District (current Capital District) had a governor appointed by the President of the Republic, while the Caracas municipalities of the State of Miranda governed with their respective mayors in isolation, without any coordinating entity. In April 2009,
3219-591: The Hotel Alba Caracas. The cost for the general maintenance of the north and south towers of the hotel is approximately 231.5 million Venezuelan bolivars. Although the Venezuelan Ministry of Tourism has taken the initiative to recognize the importance of the tourism industry, the Venezuelan government has not placed the tourism industry as an economic priority. In 2013, the budget for the Ministry of Tourism
3306-636: The Instituto Nacional de Capacitación y Educación (INCE) in Los Colorados, La Isabelica and La Quizanda. The square dates back to the colonial period, and was renamed after Bolivar in the nineteenth century. In 1887 , Antonio Guzmán Blanco the president of Venezuela, decided to remodel the square, erecting a monumental column. The project was also endorsed by General Hermógenes López , president of Carabobo State , who succeeded Guzmán Blanco as president of Venezuela. The main public library in Valencia
3393-602: The Metropolitan District of Caracas would be created and that some of the powers of the Libertador , Chacao , Baruta , Sucre , and El Hatillo municipalities would be delegated to the Alcaldía Mayor , physically located in the large Libertador municipality, in the center of the city. The Metropolitan District of Caracas was suppressed on 20 December 2017 by the Constituent National Assembly of Venezuela . In
3480-527: The Middle East, Germany, China, and other Latin American countries. The Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra is based in Caracas. Originally a youth orchestra, it is connected with the Fundación Musical Simón Bolívar (FMSB), known colloquially as El Sistema , Venezuela's social action music programme. The Guardian wrote that the orchestra represented "a message of social inclusion and
3567-689: The National Assembly reformed the Capital District Law, legalizing the constitution of a Head of Government or Governor for the Libertador municipality designated by the National Executive. Using as an argument what is established in article 156 of the constitution: Article 156. It is the competence of the National Public Power: 10. The organization and regime of the Capital District and federal dependencies. The city of Caracas occupies
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3654-578: The Spanish soldiers in Cartagena , who often docked in the coastal city when collecting products from the empire in South America. Wheat was growing increasingly expensive in the Iberian Peninsula , and the Spanish profited from buying it from Caracas farmers. This cemented the city in the empire's trade circuit. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the coast of Venezuela was frequently raided by pirates. With
3741-442: The Tropics] (1986). Zerpa had solo exhibitions at the Museo de Arte Carillo Gil in Mexico City in 1993 and at the Museo de Bellas Artes in Caracas in 1994. Valencia, Carabobo Valencia ( Spanish pronunciation: [baˈlensja] ) is the capital city of Carabobo State and the third-largest city in Venezuela . The city is an economic hub that contains Venezuela's top industries and manufacturing companies. It
3828-407: The Venezuela province. Luis de Unzaga created the Captaincy General of Venezuela in the summer of 1777, with Caracas as the capital. Venezuela then attempted to become independent, first with the 1797 Gual and España conspiracy , based in Caracas, and then the successful 1811 Venezuelan Declaration of Independence . Caracas then came under worse luck: in 1812, an earthquake destroyed Caracas ,
3915-429: The case of the Libertador Municipality of Caracas, the only member of the Capital District, the executive authority rests with the Head of Government of the Capital District, a position designated by the President of the Republic. According to Article 3 of the Capital District Law, the legislative function is exercised directly by the Republic through the National Assembly of Venezuela. Article 3. The special regime of
4002-400: The city being in a closed valley and the orographic action of Cerro El Ávila. The hydrographic network of the city of Caracas is made up of the Guaire river basin which is a sub-basin of the Tuy river. This basin crosses the valley where the city is located from West to East (Las Adjuntas – Petare ). It covers about 655 square kilometers, about 45 km. long and about 15 km. wide, has
4089-406: The city has a large number of both European Venezuelans and Asian Venezuelans who descend from the massive influx of various immigrants Venezuela received from all across Eurasia during the 20th century; in particular are descendants of Spaniards, Portuguese, Italians, Serbs , Chinese, Colombians, Germans, Syrians and Lebanese people. In 2020, the poorest 55% of the Caracas population lived on about
4176-438: The city is the Cathedral , located on Bolívar Square , though some consider the center to be Plaza Venezuela , located in the Los Caobos area. Businesses in the city include service companies, banks, and malls. Caracas has a largely service-based economy, apart from some industrial activity in its metropolitan area. The Caracas Stock Exchange and Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) are headquartered in Caracas. Empresas Polar
4263-428: The city of Caracas, as well as the municipal mayors in each of the municipalities comprising it. The Metropolitan District of Caracas was organized in a system of municipal government at two levels: the metropolitan or district and the municipalities. Caracas is Venezuela's cultural capital , with many restaurants, theaters, museums, and shopping centers. The city is home to many immigrants from Spain, Italy, Portugal,
4350-438: The city on his trip through the Americas. He reported that at the time of his visit the city had around 6000 to 7000 inhabitants. On June 24, 1821, the battle of Carabobo was fought on the outskirts of the city, sealing the independence of Venezuela from imperial Spanish rule. Valencia became the capital of Venezuela in 1830, after it separated from Gran Colombia . It ceased to be the capital soon afterward, becoming once more
4437-427: The city. The city is occasionally subject to earthquakes – notably in 1641 and 1967. Geologically, Caracas was formed in the Late Cretaceous period, with much of the rest of the Caribbean, and sits on what is mostly metamorphic rock . Deformation of the land in this period formed the region. Under the Köppen climate classification , Caracas has a tropical savanna climate ( Aw ), but also exhibits traits of
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#17328989256354524-442: The coastal mountains of the Central Range as a barrier, Caracas was relatively immune to such attacks, compared to other Caribbean coastal settlements, but in 1595 the Preston–Somers expedition landed and around 200 English Privateers , including George Somers and Amyas Preston , crossed the mountains through a little-used pass while the town's defenders were guarding the more frequently used one. Encountering little resistance,
4611-432: The communities of Charallave and Cúa de los Valles del Tuy with the subway transportation of the capital city. Some areas of the city have a grid layout, either inherited from the colony or developed during the urban projects of the 20th century. Other areas, built on the mountain slopes, do not follow this pattern, but adapt to the irregularities of the terrain. These elevated areas enjoy a temperate temperature throughout
4698-493: The country, such as Valencia, which in the same period of time multiplied its population almost 25 times. Between the 1940s and 1950s, after the Second World War, a growing wave of European immigrants began, mostly Spanish, Portuguese and Italians and in other magnitudes, communities of Germans (Colonia Tovar), French, English, Serbs and Jews were established. New developments in Caracas were populated mainly by these European immigrants, such as La Florida and Altamira . During
4785-424: The country, within the Caracas Valley of the Venezuelan coastal mountain range (Cordillera de la Costa). The valley is close to the Caribbean Sea , separated from the coast by a steep 2,200-meter-high (7,200 ft) mountain range, Cerro El Ávila ; to the south there are more hills and mountains. The Metropolitan Region of Caracas has an estimated population of almost 5 million inhabitants. The historic center of
4872-501: The demographic saturation of the centers. This saturation caused the expansion of marginal areas on the outskirts of the city; however, the lowest unemployment rates in the entire country correspond precisely to the metropolitan area of Caracas. In 1936, the total population of Venezuela had been equal to the estimated population of Greater Caracas for the year 2000: almost 4 million inhabitants. From 1936 to 1990, Caracas multiplied its population, although far less than any other major city in
4959-398: The early 20th century. In the 1950s, the metropolitan area of Gran Caracas was developed, and the city began an intensive modernization program, funding public buildings, which continued throughout the 1960s and early 1970s. Cultural landmarks, like the University City of Caracas , designed by modernist architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva and declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000;
5046-437: The entirety of the Libertador municipality of the Capital District and part of the state of Miranda, specifically the municipalities of Baruta, Chacao, El Hatillo and Sucre, which until 2011 formed the Metropolitan District of Caracas, which enjoyed legal personality and autonomy within the limits of the Constitution and the law. Until that year, the Metropolitan Mayor was the first civil, political and administrative authority of
5133-443: The farce by enhancing/ modifying a modern-day mythology for the new world. Zerpa did his own version of "El Dorado" the de Bry's 1594 print of an Indian ruler being dusted with gold before a ritual ceremony. In Zerpa's garishly colored painting, the Indian ruler stands in a classical contrapposto while the attendants sponge him with paint and blow the gold powder onto his naked body. A dark eagle hovers menacingly above. Zerpa reversed
5220-553: The figures to account for the fact that the source was a printed image. The eagle in his painting substitutes for a mountain in de Bry's print. Zerpa managed to incorporate personal genuine totaling, for example by reversing the figures seeing as it was a printed image it was easily manipulated, he also replaced the mountain on de Bry's print with an eagle. There is major diversity on both de Bry's piece with Zerpa depiction of "El Dorado", but both equally respond individual. Zerpa's transformation of "El Dorado"(1987;PL. 12.8), "The Golden One"
5307-428: The first of the Spanish colonies to become part of the slave trade . The city was successful and operated on cacao and slave trade until the 1650s, when an alhorra blight, the Mexican Inquisition of many of their Portuguese traders, and increased cacao production in Guayaquil greatly affected the market. This and the destructive 1641 earthquake put the city into decline, and they likely began illegally trading with
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#17328989256355394-460: The government of Antonio Guzmán Blanco, until today. The level of contamination is such that it does not allow the maintenance of the life of the species that once populated the basin, and it has become extinct or has been restricted to the highest areas of the basin, mainly within the boundaries of the national park. Avila. Awareness for the recovery of the basin has recently begun, however, much remains to be done before results can be observed. Among
5481-457: The invaders sacked and set fire to the town after a failed ransom negotiation. The city managed to rebuild, using wheat profits and "a lot of sacrifice". In the 1620s, farmers in Caracas discovered that Cacao beans could be sold, first selling them to native people of Mexico and quickly growing across the Caribbean . The city became important in the Viceroyalty of New Spain , as well as moving from largely native slave labor to African slaves,
5568-418: The lack of foreign visitors has been poor transport for tourists. Venezuela has limited railway systems and airlines. High crime rates and the negative attitude of the Venezuelan population towards tourism also contributed to the poor evaluation. In an attempt to attract more foreign visitors, the Venezuelan Ministry of Tourism invested in multiple hotel infrastructures. The largest hotel investment has been in
5655-425: The main rivers and streams that make up the basin are in its northern slope: San Pedro River, Macarao River, Quebrada Caroata, Catuche River, Anauco River, Chacaito River, Tocome River, Caurimare River; on its southern slope we find that among the main tributaries are: El Valle river, Quebrada Baruta and Quebrada La Guairita. In the upper part of the basin there are two reservoirs with the purpose of supplying water to
5742-420: The manifest power of music to bring communities together". Professional sports teams in the city include the football clubs Caracas Fútbol Club , Deportivo Petare , Atlético Venezuela , SD Centro Italo Venezolano , Estrella Roja FC and Deportivo La Guaira . Deportivo Petare has reached the semi-finals of international tournaments, such as the Copa Libertadores , while the Caracas Fútbol Club has reached
5829-439: The metropolitan area and the rest of the country. Important industries in Caracas include chemicals, textiles, leather, food , iron, and wood products. There are also rubber and cement factories. Its nominal GDP is US$ 70 billion and the GDP (PPP) per capita is US$ 24,000. A 2009 United Nations survey reported that the cost of living in Caracas was 89% of that of the survey's baseline city, New York. However, this statistic
5916-423: The natives into different groups to work with, then fighting and defeating each of them. The town was the closest to the coast of these new settlements, and the colonists retained a native workforce, which allowed a trade network to develop between Caracas, the interior, and Margarita; the towns further inland produced ample cotton products and beeswax, and Margarita was a rich source of pearls. The Caracas valley had
6003-501: The number of unresolved crimes as high as 98%. The U.S. Department of State and British Foreign and Commonwealth Office have issued travel warnings for Venezuela due to high rates of crime. Businesses that are located in Caracas include service companies, banks, and malls, among others. It has a largely service-based economy, apart from some industrial activity in its metropolitan area. The Caracas Stock Exchange and Petróleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) are headquartered here. PDVSA,
6090-407: The place to live in Venezuela. The first direct election of local governments (including those of the mayor and of the state's government) took place in 1988. Valencia was one of the places where Hugo Chávez's proposal for the constitutional reform was rejected with the highest proportion of votes: around 59.21% of the population rejected it. Valencia is located in a central valley, surrounded by
6177-400: The quarterfinals. Baseball team Leones del Caracas plays at the Monumental Stadium with a capacity of 40,000 spectators, while the Tiburones de La Guaira plays at University Stadium , with a capacity of nearly 26,000 spectators. The football stadiums in the city include the Olympic Stadium , home to Caracas Fútbol Club and Deportivo La Guaira, with a capacity of 30,000 spectators, and
6264-710: The rapid population growth, has profoundly influenced the urban development of the city. The most elevated point of the Capital District, wherein the city is located, is the Pico El Ávila , which rises to 2,159 meters (7,083 feet). The main body of water in Caracas is the Guaire River , which flows across the city and empties into the Tuy River , which is also fed by the El Valle and San Pedro rivers, in addition to numerous streams which descend from El Ávila. The La Mariposa and Camatagua [ es ] reservoirs provide water to
6351-470: The region led by Terepaima and Guaicaipuro . Fajardo's 1560 settlement was known as Hato de San Francisco, and another attempt in 1561 by Juan Rodríguez de Suárez was called Villa de San Francisco, and was also destroyed by the same native people. The eventual settlers of Caracas came from Coro , the German capital of their Klein-Venedig colony around the present-day coastal Colombia–Venezuela border ; from
6438-454: The region under the control of the Spanish settlers. They started to displace the native population from the most fertile land, but they also started intermarrying with them. Spanish conquistador Lope de Aguirre entered the city in 1561. In 1677 it was raided by French pirates, who burnt down its City Hall, thus destroying many very important documents about the early settlement of Venezuela. The German scientist Alexander von Humboldt visited
6525-518: The representative of Venezuela to the Spanish Crown, and vice versa. In 1591, de Bolívar introduced a petition to King Philip II for a coat of arms, which he granted by Royal Cedula on 4 September that year in San Lorenzo. The coat of arms represents the city's name with the red Santiago (St. James') cross . It originally depicted "a brown bear rampant on a field of silver, holding between its paws
6612-616: The seat of the national government in 1858 after the Monagas was toppled and the March Revolution took place. On November 15, 1892, the University of Valencia, future University of Carabobo, was founded. When dictator Juan Vicente Gómez died in 1935, Nueva Valencia del Rey was a small city. The oil revenues and industrialization that came along lead to a population explosion. Many immigrants, firstly from Europe and increasingly then from other Latin American countries, chose Nueva Valencia del Rey as
6699-561: The states of Miranda and La Guaira, creating a major metropolitan area known as Gran Caracas. The city's rapid population growth has resulted in increasing traffic congestion . To this end, the subway transportation system (Metro de Caracas) has been progressively expanded and is currently linked to the Los Teques Metro and, in the future, to the Guarenas-Guatire Metro system. The "Ezequiel Zamora" Central Railway System also links
6786-547: The western part of the city; These are the Macarao Dam and the La Mariposa Reservoir. Caracas shares commonalities with many Latin American cities: densely populated and with limited space because it is surrounded by mountains. Because of this, the city has grown vertically. A very striking aspect is the number of people living in substandard housing built on the mountain slopes surrounding the city. This type of housing
6873-444: The year. According to the population census of 2011 the Caracas proper (Distrito Capital) is over 1.9 million inhabitants, while that of the Metropolitan District of Caracas is estimated at 2.9 million as of 2011 . The majority of the population is mixed-race , typically with varying degrees of European , Indigenous , African and occasional Asian ancestry. There is a noteworthy Afro-Venezuelan community. Additionally,
6960-425: Was a very stylistic approach with vibrant neon colors lavishing from the ground up. The totality of the golden one deems modern, pop art capturing historical events from time in an original method. Another work by Zerpa "Acefalo A cephalous , or (The Headless one 1987), he parodies accounts of a headless tribe with an arrow-bearing figure whose face is on his chest. In one of his typical anachronisms , Zerpa includes
7047-722: Was formed close to Lake Valencia. Around the year 1000, waves of migration started to come from the Orinoco river area, probably arriving along the Pao river. The fusion of previous settlements with these new populations gave rise to the Vacencioide culture. People in the area belonged mostly to Arawak groups. They were hunters and gatherers who also fished and grew maize and cotton. Their houses were built on artificial mounds in valleys that were often flooded by water from Lake Valencia. Archaeologists have found mostly pottery from that time. Valencia
7134-527: Was founded by Captain Alonso Díaz Moreno on March 25, 1555 – as the locals are proud of reminding visitors, eight years before Caracas . It was the first Spanish settlement in north-central Venezuela and its official name was Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Nueva Valencia del Rey . It was named after Valencia de Don Juan , Province of León , Spain . The encomiendas put the Indians living in
7221-533: Was greatly influenced by Theodor de Bry , a Flemish designer, engraver , and printmaker . Zerpa valued de Bry's work that his most recognized series was his interpretation on acrylic painting series called "El Dorado" which was based on the fanciful chronicles and records of European explorers and visually on prints by the Belgium artist. Zerpa deliberately created a secondhand visual account of an already distorted Eurocentric one by borrowing from de Bry; he perpetuated
7308-400: Was marked by a strong exodus of Colombians. The multiethnic, cultural and racial mix has marked the city throughout history. Its ethnic composition is very diverse. Venezuela and its capital, Caracas, have been reported to both have among the highest per capita murder rates in the world. In 2010 Caracas had the highest murder rate in the world, having more deaths than Baghdad during
7395-537: Was only 173.8 million bolivars, while the Ministry of the Youth received approximately 724.6 million bolivars. The tourism industry in Venezuela contributes approximately 3.8 percent of the country GDP. The World Economic Forum predicts Venezuela's GDP to rise to 4.2 percent by 2022. On 8 March 2000, the year after a new constitution was introduced in Venezuela, it was decreed in Gaceta Official N° 36,906 that
7482-412: Was populated by indigenous peoples. Francisco Fajardo , the son of a Spanish captain and a Guaiqueri cacica , who came from Margarita , began establishing settlements in the area of La Guaira and the Caracas valley between 1555 and 1560. Fajardo attempted to establish a plantation in the valley in 1562 after these unsuccessful coastal towns, but it did not last long: it was destroyed by natives of
7569-423: Was towards historical themes in terms of spatial and temporal shifts was addressed to several Venezuelan artist one of them being Carlos Zerpa. The preoccupation with time seems especially relevant in a country whose historical development does not go back much before the eighteenth century. Carlos Zerpa and Miguel von Dangel chose as their referent the period of the discovery of the new world and just prior, through
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