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27-514: Beaubien was born in Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Nicolet, Quebec . His birth name was Alexis Beaubien (Sieur de Beaubien is a title, his birth surname is most likely Trotier). He studied for the priesthood, and was tonsured in 1820. When he dropped out of the priesthood he changed his name to "Charles" in 1820 and moved to the United States (probably at St. Louis, Missouri where he worked in

54-513: A ceremony conducted by Antonio José Martínez who would later become his nemesis. He started a business in Taos. In 1840 New Mexico Governor Manuel Armijo imposed a tax on non-native residents in New Mexico and Beaubien's businesses were regularly raided. Beaubien, hoping to open businesses away from direct Mexican control, enlisted Guadalupe Miranda , the secretary of the government, to petition for

81-577: A grant of 1,700,000 acres (6,900 km) on the eastern side of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains . Armijo approved the grant on January 4, 1841 with the provision that the land be settled within two years. Settlement was delayed by incursions from Texans. In 1843, Beaubien and Miranda signed away one-fourth of their grant to Charles Bent in exchange for help in establishing ranches along the Ponil, Vermejo, Cimarron and Rayado rivers. The grant area became better known as

108-608: A number of French Canadians who were making investigations in New Mexico. Beaubien went beyond the Territory controlled by the United States and moved into territory controlled by Mexico and eventually settled at Taos, New Mexico where he applied to become a citizen of Mexico. As it was the custom for administrators, notaries and scriveners to translate Christian names, his name was recorded as "Carlos" instead of "Charles," and so he often appears as Carlos Beaubien in all New Mexico records. In 1827 he married Maria Paula Lobato in Taos in

135-588: A partner of Lucien B. Maxwell who, after marrying the daughter of Carlos Beaubien , had become the owner of the million-acre Maxwell Land Grant . He at first worked in Mora, New Mexico and then at the Maxwell store in Rayado . On November 26, 1859, he married Petrita Beaubien, another daughter of Beaubien. In 1862, he acquired 20,000 acres (81 km ) of the land grant for his Abreu Ranch. A history of New Mexico described

162-481: Is a private high school located on Saint-Jean-Baptiste street. Nicolet also has École nationale de police du Québec (Québec National Police Academy) and École d'agriculture de Nicolet . Trois-Rivières , a city approximately 20 km away from Nicolet, offers access to colleges and a university. There is an ecological park, L'Anse du Port, featuring an observatory. The Saint-Jean-Baptiste Cathedral contains artwork. The Musée des Religions du Monde focuses on

189-533: Is now known as Moras Island. Rights to the territory of Nicolet were accorded in 1672 by Jean Talon , passing through several hands in the next thirty years. Significant land development began at the opening of the 18th century, with the construction of the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Jesuit mission in 1701, a chapel in 1710, a presbytery in 1722, and a second church being raised in 1740. The first Acadian settlers arrived in 1756, after their expulsion by

216-510: Is situated at the meeting of the Saint-Lawrence and Nicolet rivers, on sandy, unstable soil, making the area prone to landslides . **The main reason for the occurrence of the slide in Nicolet, Quebec is the type of soil in the area of which the slide occurred. Beneath the 8-foot thick stratified fine sand layer, was a thick stratified gray clay that extended to the depth of 35 feet and below that,

243-606: Is the county seat of Nicolet-Yamaska Regional County Municipality , Quebec , Canada . The population as of the Canada 2016 Census was 8,169. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nicolet . The residents of the town pronounce the final "t" in Nicolet, but people outside of the region do not. The town took its name from Jean Nicolet , a French explorer and clerk of the Company of One Hundred Associates , who explored

270-577: The Great Lakes region west to Wisconsin . Despite never having lived there, he explored the area during the seven years he lived in Trois-Rivières . The area was originally settled by the Abenaki tribe, who knew it as Pithigan or Pithiganek , meaning "entrance". French colonial settlement of Nicolet area began in the late 17th century, with Pierre Monet de Moras constructing a seigneurial manor on what

297-616: The Maxwell Land Grant after Beaubien's son-in-law, Lucien Maxwell . Later in 1843 Beaubien applied for a 1,000,000-acre (4,000 km) grant in the San Luis Valley east of the Rio Grande and extending to the summits of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in southern Colorado. As he already had one grant, the Sangre de Cristo Land Grant went to his 13-year-old son Narciso and a Taos business associate Stephen Louis Lee. Armijo approved

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324-722: The Revolt of 1837 (New Mexico) . After the revolt, he headed east on the Santa Fe Trail where he worked for Kansas City, Missouri founder John Calvin McCoy at Westport, Kansas City and Independence, Missouri . During the Mexican–American War in 1845, he was engaged by a sutler to be an interpreter for the United States Army . When the troops were dispatched to Santa Fe, Ceran St. Vrain dispatched Abreu in advance to buy up

351-687: The British, who had defeated the French in the Seven Years' War. During the late 18th century, the area eventually became a major centre for the Acadian diaspora. Some Acadian refugees continued south into the United States. Development continued with the construction of a third church in 1784, the first elementary school in 1801, and establishment of the Collège de Nicolet in 1803. The parish of Saint-Jean-Baptiste-de-Nicolet

378-569: The City of Nicolet, the Municipality of Nicolet-Sud and the Parish of Saint-Jean-Baptiste-de-Nicolet on December 27, 2000. Mother tongue language (2006) Sogetel , a major independent telephone company, is headquartered here. Curé-Brassard is a local elementary school. École Secondaire Jean-Nicolet is a public high school located on Monseigneur-Brunault street. Collège Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption

405-428: The city of Trois-Rivières . In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Nicolet had a population of 8,620 living in 3,752 of its 3,923 total private dwellings, a change of 5.5% from its 2016 population of 8,169 . With a land area of 96.11 km (37.11 sq mi), it had a population density of 89.7/km (232.3/sq mi) in 2021. Population trend: (+) Amalgamation of

432-450: The downtown area of Nicolet, destroying 35 commercial buildings and displacing 75 families. A plaza in the area is named place du 21 mars ("21st of March Place") to commemorate the event. Eight months later, on November 12, 1955, a Leda clay landslide carried 7 acres (28,000 m ) of earth and six buildings crashing down into the Nicolet river, killing three people, injuring six and causing $ 10 million in damages. The incident destroyed

459-593: The fur business with the Chouteau family). There are numerous stories about how he moved west. He was licensed by William Clark to enter Indian Territory in NM on December 29, 1823. From another New Mexico History we have that Charles Hipolyte Trotier, Sieur de Beaubien, left the Dominion of Canada for the United States during the War of 1812, and came to New Mexico in 1823, in company with

486-582: The goods of competing sutlers for St. Vrain so it could enjoy a monopoly with the United States. Abreu worked in a store for St. Vrain in Santa Fe, and worked as an interpreter for the United States and in the winter of 1848–49 delivered the U.S. mail between Santa Fe and Fort Leavenworth, Kansas (a process which took 40 days). During the California Gold Rush he traveled to California in 1850–51. When he returned to New Mexico, he worked for Joseph Pley,

513-528: The grant on January 12, 1844. Settlement was delayed by the Mexican–American War in 1846 which changed the political landscape. When Stephen W. Kearney set up government in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1846 and established Charles Bent as governor. Beaubien was named one of the judges on the New Mexico Territorial Supreme Court . The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the war affirmed

540-406: The historical and ethnographic context of religion. Jesus Abreu Jesus Gil Abreu (September 1, 1823 – June 30, 1900) was an American rancher and pioneer who owned a New Mexico ranch that now comprises Philmont Scout Ranch . He was born in Santa Fe, New Mexico . His father was on the staff of New Mexico Governor Albino Pérez and was killed along with the governor during

567-842: The legality of Beaubien's grant. Settlement along the Rio Culebra began in 1850. Hispanic settlers from New Mexico founded the town of San Luis in 1851. San Luis was the first permanent settlement in Colorado. Beaubien was holding court in Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico when the Taos Revolt erupted in January 1847. In the revolt, Beaubien's son Narciso (freshly arriving from school in Cape Girardeau, Missouri ), his partner Stephen Louis Lee, and Governor Bent were killed. After Sterling Price put down

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594-576: The prior existence of the Champlain Sea, which used to occupy the St. Lawrence and Ottawa valleys post-glaciation. It lies at the eastern edge of Lac Saint-Pierre , a UNESCO biosphere reserve known as a stopping point for hundreds of thousands of migrating waterfowl and a nesting area for herons . The town of Nicolet is adjacent to the city of Bécancour , and across the Saint-Lawrence River from

621-539: The rebellion, Beaubien was the judge to overseeing the trial of his son's murderers prompting Father Martinez to accuse him of "endeavoring to kill all the people of Taos." Beaubien turned to his sons-in-law Lucien Maxwell and Jesus Abreu to develop the land grant. In 1851 he semi-retired from public service. In 1863 he sold the Colorado land grant to Colorado Governor William Gilpin for approximately four cents an acre ($ 41,000). Nicolet, Quebec Nicolet ( French pronunciation: [nikɔlɛ(t)] )

648-666: The town including both cathedrals and the headquarters of the Sisters of the Assumption . Reconstruction began soon afterwards, with the new headquarters of the Sisters of the Assumption and a girls' school being inaugurated in 1908. An agricultural school was added to the Collège in 1938, and a test centre for the Canadian Armed Forces was established in 1952. On March 21, 1955, a fire gutted

675-454: The trade school (established in 1887) and the recently rebuilt cathedral. The event was later the subject of a book by author Louis Caron entitled Le Bonhomme Sept-Heures. The riverfront road where the landslide occurred was named rue du 12 novembre ("12th of November Street") in commemoration. The present cathedral was rebuilt in 1963, and the Collège de Nicolet was converted into the École nationale de police du Québec in 1968. Nicolet

702-502: Was a darker clay with black mottling with a thickness of 100 feet. The clay is marine/Leda clay that is "extra sensitive" or "quick". The natural water content of the clay was above the liquid limit in some areas and above the plastic limit in others. Due to the salt concentration within marine clays, which would have crystallized as the marine water receded historically, the salt would be removed by rainfall and meltwater after winter. Glacio-marine clays and silts are common in this area due to

729-416: Was officially opened in 1831; Nicolet's episcopal seat was established later in 1885. A fourth church was constructed in 1873, suffering the collapse of its steeple shortly thereafter. Attempts to reconstruct it failed due to the weakness of the building's structure. Construction of the second cathedral began in 1897, but a part of the building collapsed in 1899. On June 21, 1906, a fire destroyed an area of

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