Misplaced Pages

#40959

46-621: The O 2 Academy Glasgow (formerly the Carling Academy Glasgow ) is a music venue on Eglinton Street in the Gorbals ( Laurieston ) area of Glasgow . It holds 2,500 people. It was one of two Academy Music Group venues in Glasgow, until the O 2 ABC Glasgow closed due to fire damage in 2018. It was one of a group of music venues in Britain branded Carling Academy , the best known including

92-401: A textile mill is undertaken by a specially trained operator known as a weaver. Weavers are expected to uphold high industry standards and are tasked with monitoring anywhere from ten to as many as thirty separate looms at any one time. During their operating shift, weavers will first utilize a wax pencil or crayon to sign their initials onto the cloth to mark a shift change, and then walk along

138-408: A Kenworthy and Bullough's Lancashire Loom , a weaver can run four or more looms working at 220-260 picks per minute- thus giving eight (or more) times more throughput. The development of the power loom in and around Manchester was not a coincidence. Manchester had been a centre for Fustians by 1620 and acted as a hub for other Lancashire towns, so developing a communication network with them. It

184-719: A Swiss company had the exclusive rights to shuttleless looms in 1942, and licensed the American production to Warner & Swasey. Draper licensed the slower rapier loom. Today, advances in technology have produced a variety of looms designed to maximise production for specific types of material. The most common of these are Sulzer shuttleless weaving machines , rapier looms , air-jet looms and water-jet looms. Power looms reduced demand for skilled handweavers, initially causing reduced wages and unemployment. Protests followed their introduction. For example, in 1816 two thousand rioting Calton weavers tried to destroy power loom mills and stoned

230-483: A campaign to reinstate the cross fountain, aided by people attracted to the group's Facebook page, known as Old Gorbals Pictures (Heritage Group). The group have discovered that a copy of the original cross fountain was installed on the Caribbean island of St Kitts & Nevis . They are working to engage professional help to digitally scan this object to allow for the manufacture of 'Gorbals Cross, No 3', to be installed in

276-485: A new development near to where it originally stood. Since 1945, the Citizens Theatre has been based in the area at the former Royal Princess's Theatre, an historic Victorian building. The area also has a local newspaper Local News for Southsiders . The area is served by Bridge Street and West Street subway stations and numerous bus routes. One of the few buildings to survive the mid-20th century redevelopment

322-452: A new generation of housing development. In 2004, Glasgow Housing Association announced plans to demolish more of the decaying high-rise blocks, and to comprehensively refurbish and re-clad others. Two of the Area D blocks (Caledonia Road), as well as the entire Area E (Sandiefield) and Laurieston (Stirlingfauld / Norfolk Court) high-rise estates, were demolished between 2002 and 2016. In 2021, it

368-552: A range of picture-houses, dance halls and two theatres. One theatre, the Royal Princess, has survived as the Citizens Theatre today. Of the suburb's 19,000 houses, 48% were now classed as overcrowded. To remedy over-crowding and lack of modern facilities for water and sanitation within houses, local authority housing was started in the 1920s on new areas being brought in by the city's expansion of boundaries. The combination of redevelopment and loss of industrial jobs resulted in

414-466: A small steam-powered weaving factory in Manchester in 1790, but the factory burnt down. Cartwright's was not a commercially successful machine; his looms had to be stopped to dress the warp. Over the next decades, Cartwright's ideas were modified into a reliable automatic loom. These designs followed John Kay 's invention of the flying shuttle, and they passed the shuttle through the shed using levers. With

460-408: A spinning town, the towns around were weaving towns producing cloth by the putting out system. The business was dominated by a few families, who had the capital needed to invest in new mills and to buy hundreds of looms. Mills were built along the new canals, so immediately had access to their markets. Spinning developed first and, until 1830, the handloom was still more important economically than

506-661: A third time. It has included a mix of private (market rate) and social housing . Earlier phases of this recent redevelopment tended toward yellow-brick reinterpretations of traditional tenements, in a post-modern style. More recent phases, masterplanned by Piers Gough , have employed noted modern architects such as Page/Park, Elder & Cannon and CZWG, resulting in more bold and radical designs. Innovative street plans and high-quality landscaping have been added, incorporating many pieces of public art . The Gorbals Leisure Centre opened in January 2000. The number of shopping facilities in

SECTION 10

#1733084639041

552-587: Is a pub called The Brazen Head, located at the northern end of Cathcart Road. Formerly a railway pub known as the Granite City, much of its clientele is Celtic F.C. supporters . They have been associated with Irish Republicanism . Nearby is the architectural masterpiece of the Caledonia Road Church , a Category A-listed mid- Victorian structure with remaining walls and tower designed by Alexander "Greek" Thomson . A large selection of historical maps of

598-464: Is a risk of the shuttle flying out of the loom at a high-speed (200+ mph/322 kmh) and striking a worker if the moving reed encounters a thread/yarn or other mechanical jam/error. One complication for weavers, in the terms of safety, is the loud nature in which weave mills operate (115 dB +). Because of this, it is nearly impossible to hear a person calling for help when entangled. This has led OSHA to outline specific guidelines for companies to mitigate

644-645: Is first documented in the 15th and 16th centuries as Gorbaldis , and its etymology is unclear. It may be related to the Ecclesiastical Latin word garbale ('sheaf'), found in the Scottish Gaelic term garbal teind ('tenth sheaf'), a tithe of corn given to a parish rector . The taking of garbal teind was a right given to George Elphinstone in 1616 as part of his 19-year tack ('lease'). The place name would therefore mean 'the Sheaves'. The name

690-534: Is similar to a Lowland Scots word gorbal ('unfledged bird'), perhaps a reference to lepers who were allowed to beg for alms in public. Gort a' bhaile ('garden of the town') conforms with certain suggestions made by A.G. Callant in 1888, but other interpretations are also popular. The village of Gorbals, known once as Bridgend, being at the south end of the bridge over the Clyde towards Glasgow Cross, had been pastoral with some early trading and mining. Thanks to

736-457: The Brixton Academy and the O 2 Academy Birmingham . Since November 2008, the venue has been rebranded by network operator O 2 to its new name, following a new sponsorship deal with Live Nation . The venue is housed in the former New Bedford Cinema which underwent a £3 million refurbishment project to turn it into a 2,500 person music venue . The venue opened on 26 March 2003 with

782-582: The Protestant Reformation , in 1579 the church granted the land for ground rents ( feued the land) to Sir George Elphinstone, a merchant who was Provost of Glasgow (1600–1606). The barony and regality of the Gorbals was confirmed in 1606 by a charter of King James VI , which vested Elphinstone's son, also named George George , and his descendants. These powers descended to Sir Robert Douglas of Blackerstone, who in 1650 disponed (legally transferred)

828-457: The River Clyde ; it lasted until the 19th century. Lady Marjorie Stewart of Lochow was said to have had a hospital built for lepers and dedicated to St Ninian in 1350, although this year is contested by current historians' estimates dating her life and activities. The lands on which the hospital was built were named St Ninian's Croft. They were later incorporated into Hutchesontown . After

874-532: The 1930s, the wider Gorbals district (which includes the directly adjoined localities of Laurieston and Hutchesontown ) had swollen in population to an estimated 90,000 residents, giving the area a very high population density of around 40 000/km . Redevelopment after WWII has taken many turns, and the area's population is substantially smaller today. The Gorbals was home to 16 high-rise flat blocks of public housing. Only six are standing as of 2024, and two are planned for demolition around Easter in 2025. The name

920-605: The 1960s greatly improved some physical conditions but had adverse social consequences. Lack of awareness of the effects of concentrating families resulted in poor design. The low-quality construction of the concrete, 20-storey flats led to innumerable social and health problems among the residents. Many of the blocks developed mould and structural problems. Their designs prevented residents from visually controlling their internal and external spaces, adding to issues of social dysfunction. The Queen Elizabeth Square flats , designed by Sir Basil Spence , were demolished in 1993 to make way for

966-596: The Burial Ground, established in 1715 and now called the Gorbals Rose Garden). Laurie built the first house in St Ninian Street in 1794. The districts are now known as the Gorbals, Laurieston , Tradeston , Kingston and Hutchesontown. The Little Govan estate, including a small village of the same name, were replaced by the eastern parts of Hutchesontown and Oatlands . By the late 19th century, The Gorbals

SECTION 20

#1733084639041

1012-622: The Gorbals is available from the National Library of Scotland . Power loom By the year 1850, there were a total of around 260,000 power loom operations in England. Two years later came the Northrop loom which replenished the shuttle when it was empty. This replaced the Lancashire loom . The main components of the loom are the warp beam, heddles, harnesses, shuttle, reed, and takeup roll. In

1058-472: The Gorbals to Glasgow's magistrates for the benefit of the city, the Trades' House, and Hutchesons' Hospital . The magistrates from then on collected the rents and duties and divided them: one fourth to the city, one fourth to the Trades' House, and the remaining half to Hutchesons' Hospital. In 1790 the lands were divided into lots for development; the city acquired the old feus of Gorbals and Bridgend, and also

1104-552: The Kingston portion of the Barony of Gorbals. The Trades' House obtained a western section; and the remaining section lying to the east and south was allocated to Hutchesons' Hospital. The Hutcheson's Trust sub-feud a portion of their lands to an ambitious builder, James Laurie. (His grave, along with those of many other builders of Gorbals, is marked with well-carved masons' implements, indicating his Master status. The gravestones are visible at

1150-532: The Millennium Dome (now The O2 ). 55°51′02″N 4°15′33″W  /  55.85057°N 4.25912°W  / 55.85057; -4.25912 Gorbals The Gorbals is an area in the city of Glasgow , Scotland, and former burgh , on the south bank of the River Clyde . By the late 19th century, it had become densely populated; rural migrants and immigrants were attracted by the new industries and employment opportunities of Glasgow. At its peak, during

1196-490: The area but in huge, concrete, multi-storey towers. These changes broke up many intact, though poor, communities, adding to the residents' distress. The neighbouring Govanhill district to the south (whose residents observed the demolition/modernisation in nearby areas such as the Gorbals and Pollokshaws with suspicion and successfully opposed the same fate befalling their homes, although they faced other challenges to improve their living conditions) offers some reminder of how

1242-594: The area is on the rise. In 2005, fire destroyed the Catholic Church of Blessed John Duns Scotus as a result of a fallen candle. The church was restored and reopened for worship in September 2010. After much of the Hutchesontown area of the Gorbals was improved, the urban and social-regeneration program expanded into the neighbouring Laurieston area to the west. In the early 2000s, a local heritage group started

1288-502: The band Deacon Blue , Singer Bryan Ferry and girl group Sugababes after 10 years of the building being closed and in disrepair. On 6 November 2008, it was announced that Telefónica Europe (owners of the O 2 Network in the UK) had become the new sponsor of all Academy venues, in a deal with music promoter Live Nation . The deal, which lasts for five years, sees all venues rebranded "The O 2 Academy", in line with Telefónica's purchase of

1334-540: The cloth side (front) of the looms they tend, gently touching the fabric as it comes from the reed. This is done to feel for any broken "picks" or filler thread. Should broken picks be detected, the weaver will disable the machine and undertake to correct the error, typically by replacing the bobbin of filler thread in as little time as possible. They are trained that, ideally, no machine should stop working for more than one minute, with faster turnaround times being preferred. Operation of this needs more than 2 people because of

1380-490: The district used to look prior to its redevelopment. The tenement buildings faced directly onto the street, connecting the residents to the community. Since the late 1990s, some areas have been redeveloped as terraces of tenements in that style. Since the early 21st century most of the concrete tower blocks, which created poor living conditions, have been demolished. Glasgow Corporation's replacement of old, outdated and crowded housing with new high-rise towers of social housing in

1426-484: The early 20th century. Gorbals railway station opened on 1 September 1877. Changes in the area meant a decrease in business, and it closed to passengers permanently on 1 June 1928. In the 1870s, the City Improvement Trust cleared away the old Gorbals village and redeveloped the area to form the new Gorbals Cross, at the same time developing new workers' tenements around the former Oatlands Square. Much of

O2 Academy Glasgow - Misplaced Pages Continue

1472-673: The early Gorbals village was replaced by modern tenements in the street grid system being adopted in the city centre and notably in the south side, including neighbouring Tradeston, Kinning Park and Hutchesontown. Along the riverside the classical terraces of Laurieston had taken shape. By 1914 the population of Gorbals and Hutchesontown was working locally and in commerce in the city centre, factories and warehouses nearby of carpetmaking, garment making, food manufacturing, ironworks, chemical works, railways, docks, shipping, construction and engineering. The area supported some 16 schools, 15 churches, three synagogues, swimming baths and libraries, and

1518-480: The increased speed of weaving, weavers were able to use more thread than spinners could produce. A series of inventors incrementally improved all aspects of the three principal processes and the ancillary processes. There now appear a series of useful improvements that are contained in patents for useless devices At this point the loom has become automatic except for refilling weft pirns. The Cartwight loom weaver could work one loom at 120-130 picks per minute- with

1564-471: The inventions of James Watt and others, the Industrial Revolution resulted in a major expansion of Glasgow during the nineteenth century. In 1846 the city absorbed Gorbals. It then had a population of some 3,000. Many adults worked in cotton spinning and weaving factories, ironworks , and engineering. Increasingly in the 19th and 20th centuries, the area attracted numerous rural migrants from

1610-438: The loom, yarn processing includes shedding, picking, battening and taking-up operations. With each weaving operation, the newly constructed fabric must be wound on a cloth beam. This process is called taking up. At the same time, the warp yarns must be let off or released from the warp beams. To become fully automatic, a loom needs a filling stop motion which will brake the loom, if the weft thread breaks. Operation of weaving in

1656-489: The machines, to which inattentive or poorly trained weavers can fall victim. The most obvious is the moving reed, the frames which hold the heddles and the "pinch" or "sand" roll utilized to keep the cloth tight as it passes over the front of the machine and onto the doff roll. The most common injury in weaving is pinched fingers from distracted or bored workers, though this is not the only such injury found. There are numerous accounts of weavers with long hair getting it tangled in

1702-592: The population of Gorbals and Hutchesontown falling by 21% between 1921 and 1951. By 1964 there were 12,200 houses. As took place in London and other major cities, in the post-war planning of the 1950s, Glasgow Corporation joined with other authorities in deciding to demolish much sub-standard housing of inner districts including Gorbals and Huchesontown. They dispersed families to new outlying housing estates such as Castlemilk , in overspill agreements with New Towns such as East Kilbride . Other families were rehoused within

1748-452: The power loom when the roles reversed. Because of the economic growth of Manchester, a new industry of precision machine tool engineering was born and here were the skills needed to build the precision mechanisms of a loom. Draper' strategy was to standardize on a couple of Northrop Loom models which it mass-produced. The lighter E-model of 1909 was joined in the 1930 by the heavier X-model. Continuous fibre machines, say for rayon, which

1794-510: The surrounding countryside, including the Scottish Highlands , and immigrants from Ireland , Italy , Eastern and Central Europe , who found jobs to meet the needs of industrial capital. Govan parish was one of the oldest possessions of the church in the region. The merk land of "Brigend and Gorbaldis" is referred to in several sources. The village of Brigend was named after the bridge which Bishop William Rae had built in 1345 over

1840-408: The warp itself and having their scalp pulled away from the skull, or large chunks of hair pulled off. As a result of this, it has become industry standard for companies to require weavers to either keep hair up and tied, or to keep their hair short so as not to allow it to become tangled. Also, due to possible pinch points on the front of machines, loose, baggy clothing is prohibited. In addition, there

1886-459: The way it works. The first ideas for an automatic loom were developed in 1784 by M. de Gennes in Paris and by Vaucanson in 1745, but these designs were never developed and were forgotten. In 1785 Edmund Cartwright patented a power loom which used water power to speed up the weaving process, the predecessor to the modern power loom. His ideas were licensed first by Grimshaw of Manchester who built

O2 Academy Glasgow - Misplaced Pages Continue

1932-399: The workers. In the longer term, by making cloth more affordable the power loom increased demand and stimulated exports, causing a growth in industrial employment, albeit low-paid. The power loom also opened up opportunities for women mill workers. A darker side of the power loom's impact was the growth of employment of children in power loom mills. There are a number of inherent dangers in

1978-569: Was a successful industrial suburb, and attracted many Protestant and Catholic immigrants from Ireland , especially from Ulster (in particular from County Donegal ), and Italy , as well as Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire and Eastern Europe. At one time most of the Jews in Scotland resided in this area. Industrial decay and over-population overwhelmed the area, which became a centre of poverty in

2024-522: Was an established point of export using the meandering River Mersey , and by 1800 it had a thriving canal network, with links to the Ashton Canal , Rochdale Canal the Peak Forest Canal and Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal . The fustian trade gave the towns a skilled workforce that was used to the complicated Dutch looms, and was perhaps accustomed to industrial discipline. While Manchester became

2070-432: Was announced that the two remaining Area D multi storey blocks would also be condemned. The Area B or "Riverside" estate, designed by Robert Matthew , will be the only high-rise flats left in the Gorbals. New housing has been developed at lower density, with design elements to encourage residents' and public safety. Since the late 20th century, much of the area, particularly Hutchesontown, was comprehensively redeveloped for

2116-582: Was more break-prone, needed a specialist loom. This was provided by the purchase of the Stafford Loom Co. in 1932, and using their patents a third loom the XD, was added to the range. Because of their mass production techniques they were reluctant and slow to retool for new technologies such as shuttleless looms. Originally, power looms used a shuttle to throw the weft across, but in 1927 the faster and more efficient shuttleless loom came into use. Sulzer Brothers ,

#40959