Carl Milles ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈkɑːɭ ˈmɪ̂lːɛs] ; 23 June 1875 – 19 September 1955) was a Swedish sculptor . He was married to artist Olga Milles (née Granner) and brother to Ruth Milles and half-brother to the architect Evert Milles . Carl Milles sculpted the Gustaf Vasa statue at the Stockholm Nordic Museum , the Poseidon statue in Gothenburg , the Orpheus group outside the Stockholm Concert Hall , and the Fountain of Faith in Falls Church, Virginia . His home near Stockholm, Millesgården , became his resting place and is now a museum .
30-576: He was born as Carl Wilhelm Emil Andersson , son of lieutenant August Emil Sebastian "Mille" Andersson (1843–1910) and his wife Walborg Alfhild Maria Tisell (1846–1879), at Lagga outside Uppsala in 1875. In 1897 he made what he thought would be a temporary stop in Paris on his way to Chile , where he was due to manage a school of gymnastics. However, he remained in Paris, where he studied art, working in Auguste Rodin 's studio and slowly gaining recognition as
60-401: A large proportion of local services, including schools, emergency services and physical planning. The Local Government Act of 1991 specifies several responsibilities for the municipalities, and provides outlines for local government, such as the process for electing the municipal assembly . It also regulates a process ( laglighetsprövning , "legality trial") through which any citizen can appeal
90-838: A monograph on Milles, are now held in the Carl Milles Photograph Collection, c. 1938–1939, in the Ryerson & Burnham Libraries at the Art Institute of Chicago . Milles and his wife returned to Sweden in 1951, and lived in Millesgården every summer until Milles' death in 1955. They spent winters in Rome, where the American Academy had supplied them with a studio. Milles and his wife, Olga, who died in 1967 in Graz, Austria , are buried in
120-540: A practice adopted by the largest and most urban municipalities Stockholm , Gothenburg and Malmö . Thirteen municipalities altogether, some of them including considerable rural areas, have made this choice, which is unofficial and has no effect on the administrative status of the municipality. The practice can, however, create some confusion as the term stad nowadays normally refers to a larger built-up area and not to an administrative entity. The municipalities in Sweden cover
150-616: A reaction to the Swedish journalism, which mostly took a negative stance towards the growing Nazi Germany. Milles believed that the Swedish press risked dragging Sweden into the war and argued: "The press's ignorant writers, who have fantasized their small brains to disgusting mockery of a great people striving for independence from hunger and communism...". Milles had a complex attitude towards Nazi Germany. Many letters are ambiguous, and there are also examples where he opposed German methods. But when he visited Germany, which he did annually throughout
180-642: A sculptor. In 1904 he and Olga moved to Munich . Two years later they settled in Sweden, buying property on Herserud Cliff on Lidingö , a large island near Stockholm. Millesgården was built there between 1906 and 1908 as the sculptor's private residence and workspace. It was turned into a foundation and donated to the Swedish people in 1936. In 1931, American publisher George Gough Booth brought Milles to Cranbrook Educational Community , in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan , to serve as his sculptor in residence. Part of Booth's arrangement with his principal artists
210-399: A small stone chapel, designed by Milles, at Millesgården. Because Swedish law requires burial on sacred ground, it took the assistance of the then reigning Gustaf VI Adolf to allow this resting place. Carl Milles expressed admiration for Nazi Germany and Adolf Hitler during the 1920s and 1930s, as well as for Benito Mussolini and Francisco Franco. Carl Milles feared the growing communism and
240-445: Is a demographic table based on Knivsta Municipality's electoral districts in the 2022 Swedish general election sourced from SVT 's election platform, in turn taken from SCB official statistics. In total there were 19,795 residents, including 13,626 Swedish citizens of voting age. 43.7% voted for the left coalition and 54.7% for the right coalition. Indicators are in percentage points except population totals and income. These are
270-416: The 1943 års kommunindelningskommitté ("Municipal subdivision commission of 1943") proposed that the number of rural municipalities should be drastically reduced. After years of preparations the first of the two nationwide municipal reforms of the 20th century was implemented in 1952. The number of rural municipalities was reduced from 2,281 to 816. The cities (by then 133) were not affected. Rather soon it
300-572: The Altamira in Northern Brazil (159,533 km ) are larger. (By comparison, the total area of the state of Lebanon is 10,452 km .) At any rate, several northern municipalities are larger than many counties in the more densely populated southern part of the country. The municipalities were earlier also divided into parishes , or församlingar . As these were subdivisions of the Church of Sweden ,
330-474: The Stockholm municipality is partially based on its own, separate municipal government law. The first local government acts were implemented on 1 January 1863. There were two acts, one for the cities and one for the countryside. The total number of municipalities was about 2,500. The rural municipalities were based on the country-side civil parishes or administrative parishes ( socknar ), often formed in
SECTION 10
#1733085208076360-470: The 1930s, the criticism often subsided, and he was swept away by the general pro-Nazi "fighting spirit". Knivsta Municipality Knivsta Municipality ( Knivsta kommun ) is a municipality in Uppsala County in east central Sweden . Its seat is located in the town of Knivsta , with some 7,100 inhabitants. It is known for being one of the safest municipalities in Sweden, consistently ranking among
390-532: The Middle Ages around a church. The municipality acts of 1862 formally separated the civil municipalities from the parishes, establishing the municipality assembly as the decision-making body of rural municipalities and the church assembly as the decision-making body of parishes. The then 89 cities/towns ( städer ) (the same word is used for both city and town in Swedish) were based on the old chartered cities. There
420-402: The amalgamation process too slow, and decided to speed it up by ending the voluntary aspect. In 1971 the unitary municipality ( kommun ) was introduced and the number of entities went down to 464; three years later it was 278. In one case ( Svedala Municipality ) the process was not accomplished until 1977. Most of the municipalities were soon consolidated, but in some cases the antagonism within
450-448: The blocks should ultimately lead to amalgamations. The target year was 1971, when all municipalities should be of uniform type and all the remaining formal differences in government and privileges between cities and rural municipalities should be abolished. The amalgamations within the "blocks" started in 1965 and more were accomplished in 1967 and 1969, when the number of municipalities dropped from 1006 to 848. The Riksdag, however, found
480-626: The colonists arrived in 1638. In America he is best known for his fountains. Milles' fountain group The Wedding of the Waters in St. Louis symbolizes the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers merging just upstream. Commissioned in 1936 and unveiled in May 1940 to a crowd of about 3000 people, the fountain caused a local uproar because of its playful, irreverent, naked, and nearly cartoonish figures, and because Milles had conceived
510-407: The decisions of a local government to a county court . Municipal government in Sweden is similar to city commission government and cabinet-style council government . A legislative municipal assembly ( kommunfullmäktige ) of between 31 and 101 members (always an odd number) is elected from party-list proportional representation at municipal elections, held every four years in conjunction with
540-716: The election results since the refounding of the municipality from the 2002 election. Blocs This lists the relative strength of the socialist and centre-right blocs since 1973, but parties not elected to the Riksdag are inserted as "other", including the Sweden Democrats results from 2002 to 2006. The coalition or government mandate marked in bold formed the government after the election. Municipalities of Sweden The municipalities of Sweden ( Swedish : Sveriges kommuner ) are its lower-level local government entities . There are 290 municipalities which are responsible for
570-598: The entire territory of the nation. Unlike the United States or Canada, there are no unincorporated areas . The municipalities in the north cover large areas of sparsely populated land. Kiruna , at 19,446 km , is sometimes held to be the world's largest "city" by area, although places like La Tuque, Quebec (28,421 km , official style Ville ), the City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder in Western Australia (95,575.1 km and
600-443: The group as a wedding party. Local officials insisted that the name be changed to The Meeting of the Waters . Outside Detroit 's Frank Murphy Hall of Justice is a Carl Milles statue, The Hand of God , which was sculpted in honor of Frank Murphy , Detroit Mayor, Michigan Governor , and United States Supreme Court Associate Justice . The statue was placed on a pedestal with the help of sculptor Marshall Fredericks . The statue
630-435: The national general elections. The assembly in turn appoints a municipal executive committee ( kommunstyrelse ) from its members. The executive committee is headed by its chairman, ( Swedish : kommunstyrelsens ordförande ). Swedish municipalities generally employ one or more politicians as Municipal Commissioners, ( Swedish : kommunalråd ) one of which is usually the chairman of the executive committee. The government of
SECTION 20
#1733085208076660-422: The new unities was so strong that it led to "divorces". The total number of municipalities has today risen to 290. The question of whether a new municipality will be created is at the discretion of the central Swedish government . It is recommended that the lower limit of a new municipality shall be 5,000 inhabitants. Some municipalities still use the term "City" (Swedish: stad ) when referring to themselves,
690-479: The separation of church and state along with a shift in responsibility for the population registration in Sweden transferring to the Swedish Tax Agency led to a new formal subdivision called district. Districts have been in force since 2016. These districts correspond by and large to the previous parishes as they existed on 31 December 1999, without later amalgamations. Many of the districts still correspond to
720-670: The top 5 safest (out of 290) for more than a decade. Until 1971 Knivsta was a municipality in Stockholm County , when it was merged into Uppsala Municipality and subsequently belonged to Uppsala County. On January 1, 2003 Knivsta was separated from Uppsala to once again form a separate municipality, located in Uppsala County. The coat of arms symbolises the Stones of Mora where the Swedish Kings were elected in ancient times. This
750-429: Was also a third type, köping or market town. The status of these was somewhere between the rural municipalities and the cities. There were only eight of them in 1863, rising to a peak of 96 in 1959. Up until 1930, when the total number of municipalities reached its peak (2,532 entities), there were more partitions than amalgamations. In 1943 more than 500 of Sweden's municipalities had fewer than 500 inhabitants, and
780-507: Was commissioned by the United Automobile Workers , and paid for by individual donations from UAW members. The Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research , an annual award for research on entrepreneurship , consists of a replica statuette of The Hand of God and a prize of 100,000 euros. Milles' sculptures sometimes offended American sensibilities, and he had a 'fig leaf' maker on retainer. Photographs of his sculptures, taken for
810-531: Was established that the reform of 1952 was not radical enough. A new commission, 1959 års indelningssakkunniga ("Subdivision experts of 1959") concluded that the next municipal reform should create new larger mixed rural/urban municipalities. The Riksdag decided in 1962 that the new reform should be implemented on a voluntary basis. The process started in January 1964, when all municipalities were grouped in 282 kommunblock ("municipal blocks"). The co-operation within
840-516: Was hesitant about the methods "to clean up." In 1938, he wrote to his sister Ruth: "... but no matter how skillful he (Hitler) is in managing Germany, he rattles too much, but maybe it's the only way to make others understand...". Like many intellectuals in Sweden at that time, Milles was also involved in the appeal to the National Association Sweden-Germany. The association was formed in 1937 to show its support for Germany and as
870-513: Was impressed by the rhetoric of Hitler, Mussolini, and Franco. To his friend Frances Rich, he exclaimed, "I love people who clean up their homes and have Sunday finesse. I don't care what they're called, but I hate disorder...". To Olga Milles, who remained in Graz for a while after the annexation (Anschluss) of Austria to the German Reich, Carl enthusiastically sent "Heil Hitler" greetings. However, Milles
900-579: Was that they were expected to create major commissions outside the Cranbrook environment. In 1938, for the 300th anniversary of the founding of New Sweden , the country commissioned a sculpture by Milles featuring a replica of the Kalmar Nyckel , the ship which originally brought the Swedish colonists to America. The sculpture is located at Fort Christina in Wilmington, Delaware , near the landing site where
#75924