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38-612: Carabayllo ( Spanish pronunciation: [kaɾaβaˈiʝo] ) is one of the 43 districts of the province Lima in Peru . It is located in the Cono Norte area of the province and was created district by General José de San Martín in August 4, 1821 at which time it was the only district to occupy the area north of the Rímac River up to the province Canta . It borders to the north and east with

76-854: A new district to be legally established: 3,500 if it is located in the rainforest , 4,000 in the Andes highlands and 10,000 in the coastal area. In the dry Andean area, many districts have less than 3,500 inhabitants due to low population density in the area. In some cases, their populations have decreased in comparison to the days when they were founded. Districts that are located at very high altitudes tend to be scarcely populated. These districts usually are large in area, have few available land for use. Many basic government services do not reach all residents of these districts due to their difficult geography. Many lack financial means to govern their whole jurisdictions and they often have high emigration rates. A similar pattern can be observed in many districts located in

114-477: A population of about 200,000 (2005). Carabayllo is a zone of recent expansion to the city. The principal road connecting the district to the rest of the metropolis is the Tupac Amaru Avenue. It is at an altitude of 238 meters above sea level. Its social economic level is principally made up of middle and lower middle classes. Districts of Peru A 1982 law requires a minimum of residents in an area for

152-700: Is another popular sport. Huancayo's largest arena is the Coliseo Wanka. Huancayo has transportation connections by road and rail. The Francisco Carle Airport at Jauja offers daily connections to Lima and is located 45 minutes via car from Huancayo. Current airlines include LATAM Peru, Sky Airline Peru and JetSmart Peru. To travel by road, the Carretera Central links Huancayo with La Oroya and Lima, which generally takes seven to eight hours. Multiple bus carriers operate between Lima and Huancayo daily. The Ferrocarril Central Andino enables transport by rail. Huancayo

190-459: Is the case in part of the Amazon rainforest. Colonization happens quickly and boundaries of districts are often not modified, except in large urban areas. This is less of a problem in the coast where communication is easier. However, reaching to large populations remain a problem in this area. This is a list of the top twenty Peruvian districts by population, population density, area and elevation (of

228-727: The Canta Province in the Lima Region , the south with the Comas district, the San Juan de Lurigancho district and San Antonio de Chaclla district, and to the west with the Puente Piedra and Ancón districts. Carabayllo was the first district to be created by decree in the Lima Province by General José de San Martín in the independence era on August 4, 1821. At that time the district occupied

266-651: The Chala (coastal area) tend to be mid-sized except in low-density areas such as the Sechura Desert and part of the Southern coast, but all of them feature large populations due to emigration from other regions of the country that turned the Peruvian coast into the country's main economic powerhouse. Districts with a population of more than 10,000 inhabitants should ideally be subdivided, particularly if they are also large in area, as

304-622: The Inca leader Pachacutec in 1460 and the region was incorporated into the Inca empire . It subsequently became a notable stopping point along the Inca Camino Real . It was the Wari culture , whose main center is located in what is now the Department of Ayacucho that first began its expansion northward in the sixth century. The peoples of the central area of the valley were part of what became known as

342-605: The Huancaíno painter Guillermo Guzmán Manzaneda is the most popular and famous in the city. The following is a list of museums in Huancayo: Papa a la huancaína is the most famous dish from Huancayo and one of the most famous in the country. It is a yellow cream over fresh cheese or cooked potatoes, hard boiled eggs, black olives and chili peppers. Another popular dish is cuy, guinea pig, and trout ceviche. Association football (soccer) volleyball , and long-distance running are

380-493: The Peruvian Amazon rainforest . Once important settlements created during the era of colonization , they nowadays do not offer much space for agriculture. Deeper into the jungle, the districts of the 'selva alta' ( lower jungle ) have higher populations living on geographically large districts. Districts located outside the colonized area have very low populations that are entirely composed of Native Amazonian tribes. All over

418-562: The Shullcas, Chilca and Mantaro rivers. It was founded as a reduction by the name Santísima Trinidad de Huancayo on 1 June 1572, by Don Jerónimo de Silva , a Spanish conquistador . It is the fifth largest city in Peru, with a population of 500,000 and is among the highest cities in Peru, with an altitude of 3,256 meters (10,692 feet) above sea level. It is considered the economic and social center of central Peru The Huanca people largely inhabited

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456-488: The Spanish colonization in 1534, Huancayo was overshadowed by Jauja , a provisional capital of Peru, until Lima took over that role, as established by the conquistador Francisco Pizarro . In 1570, the viceroy Francisco de Toledo established the site as the center of his encomienda Guancayo . The town was officially established on 1 June 1572 with the title of Santísima Trinidad de Huancayo . In 1813, Huancayo celebrated

494-640: The Wari empire. From that time are the remains of the Huari village of Huarivilca. The fall of this empire was followed by the rise of another culture, the Inca culture . Around 1460, under the rule of the Incan emperor, Pachacuti , the Incas took control of the region and annexed it to their empire. The resistance of the Huancas, as well as the policy of acculturation of the Incas (based on

532-571: The area even before the Inca Empire at around 500 BC. They would later form the so-called Huanca kingdom.They were incorporated into the Inca Empire, becoming a stopping point along the Qhapaq Ñan, the section that runs through the city, which today is called Calle Real. Upon the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors notably Francisco Pizarro , the Huancas became faithful and staunch allies, participating in

570-470: The capital of the province of the same name, is governed by the Huancayo Province , which has jurisdiction over the entire territory of the province. There is no authority restricted to the city. In this regard, the district municipalities of El Tambo, Pilcomayo, Huancán, Sapallanga, San Jerónimo, San Agustín, Sicaya and Chilca also have competence in matters relating to their own districts. The city, as

608-514: The capture of Cusco and the battles against the Incas of Vilcabamba. The word Wankayuq is composed of the root wanka ('stone') and the derivative suffix -yuq ('the one who has'), a common morpheme in other toponyms of the Mantaro Valley. In that sense, a translation of the name would be "The Place of the Stone." This theory is accompanied by an oral tradition of the city that pointed out that in

646-530: The city's economic and population growth. Population growth was mostly present in Tambo and Chilica, two suburban districts near the highways. Furthermore, population growth between 1981 and 2007 was a result of in-migration due to terrorist attacks of Sendero Luminoso . People from highlands and amazonian lowlands sought refuge in Andean cities such as Huancayo. Huancayo is located in the Huancayo Province , serving as

684-528: The convent of Ocopa from the region, considering them "recalcitrant royalists". During the war for independence, Huancayo was liberated on 20 November 1820. Construction on the cathedral commenced in 1831. The accord was made law in Huancayo in 1854, when Peru officially ended slavery. There is a statue in the Plaza Constitución commemorating this. In the 1980s, Huancayo, like the entire central region of

722-528: The country's judicial organization, there are eight magistrates' courts (two in the district of El Tambo and one in San Jerónimo, four in the district of Huancayo, and one in Chilca), seventeen specialized courts (four family, five civil, seven criminal and one labor courts) and six higher courts (three criminal and three mixed). There are a total of 248 early education centres in the city; of which 121 are located in

760-431: The country, many districts have higher populations than the minimum required by law. This is true of the colonized areas of the rainforest, the northern Andes as well as in the southern Andes from Huancayo to the shores of Lake Titicaca , which is the historical heartland of the Peruvian highlands. These districts are old and tend to be smaller in area with high population densities since prehispanic times. Districts in

798-654: The country, was a center of anti-subversive struggle against the terrorist organizations of the Shining Path and the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement . In the city, there were constant clashes between the National Police of Peru , the Peruvian Armed Forces and these two factions, which even confronted each other. The east of the city was under the control of Sendero while the west of the city

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836-592: The departmental capital, is the seat of the Regional Government of Junín . It also has a prefect with political powers at the departmental level. Finally, it is also the headquarters of the different regional directorates of the ministries that make up the public administration. Huancayo is the seat of the Superior Court of Justice of Junín, the governing body of the Judicial District of Junín. According to

874-439: The district of El Tambo (34 public and 87 private), 96 in the district of Huancayo and 31 in the district of Chilca (10 public and 21 private). At the primary level, there are 234 educational centres in the city; of which 107 are located in the district of El Tambo (32 public and 75 private), 100 are located in the district of Huancayo (28 public and 72 private) and 27 in the district of Chilca (9 public and 18 private). The work of

912-568: The district's capital). Source: INEI Source: INEI Source: INEI Source: INEI Huancayo Huancayo ( Spanish pronunciation: [waŋˈkaʝo] ; in Wanka Quechua : Wankayu [wɐŋˈkæjuː] , '(place) with a (sacred) rock') is the capital of the Junín Region and Huancayo Province , in the central highlands of Peru , in the Mantaro Valley and is crossed by

950-405: The driest months, receiving only around 5 mm of precipitation. Daytime temperatures are relatively constant throughout the year, with all months having average high temperatures close to 20 °C (68 °F). The dry season has significantly colder nights than the wet season, with temperatures regularly dropping to freezing, while low temperatures average above 6 °C (43 °F) during

988-632: The growth of economic activity and the growth of the population in the area. This process started as early as 1874 when the Ancón District was created and continued to as recent as 1961 when the Comas District was created and as recent as 1969 when the Ventanilla District was founded in neighboring Callao Province . Carabayllo still remains the largest district in Lima with an area of 346 km2 and

1026-522: The introduction of their religion and language), caused that in this area there was no peaceful coexistence but rather an area of constant convulsion and repression by the Cusco people. However, despite the resistance of the fortress of Watury, the valley was exploited for its fertility and the area was used as one of the main passes of the Inca trail that headed north towards the cities of Cajamarca and Quito . After

1064-503: The location of the current Huamanmarca square, there existed at the beginning of the population an oval stone of considerable dimensions. Currently there is no such rock or evidence of its location. The area was originally inhabited by the Huancas . At around 500 BC, they were incorporated into the Wari Empire . Despite efforts to defend its independence, the Huancas were eventually subdued by

1102-575: The most popular sports in Huancayo. Sport Huancayo is the city's largest club, participating in the Peruvian Primera División . Huancayo's largest stadium is Estadio Huancayo , which has a capacity of 20,000 and is home to various sports clubs. The stadium hosts the Marathon de los Andes every year. Several Peruvian athletes that participate in the Olympic Games are from Huancayo. Volleyball

1140-528: The oath that was taken in Huancayo in 1813 of the signing of the Liberal Constitution of Cadiz in 1812. General Simón Bolívar arrived in this valley in August 1824, already Supreme Dictator of Peru. During his stay, he rewarded many heroes and gave recognition to the patriotic soldiers, who helped achieve the independence of the different South American states. He also expelled the Franciscan friars from

1178-535: The promulgation of the Constitution of Cadiz , changing the name of "Plaza del Comercio" to "Plaza de la Constitución". The main temple (now the Cathedral of Huancayo ) was built on land donated by notable neighbors. Its construction began on March 18, 1799 and was completed on March 18, 1831. The square where the cathedral is located used to ge called "Plaza del Comercio" but was renamed "Plaza Constitución" in homage to

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1216-471: The province's capital. Situated in the Mantaro Valley at an altitude of 3,271 meters, it belongs to the Quechua region. Depending on delimitation, the agglomeration has a population between 340,000 and 380,000 and is the fifth most populous city of the country. Huancayo is the cultural and commercial center of the whole central Peruvian Andes area. Huancayo Metropolitano is made up of seven districts that form

1254-597: The rest of the country, the Peruvian National Police and the Armed Forces managed to dismantle the subversive movement. Finally, on July 14, 1999, the last leader of the Shining Path, Oscar Ramírez Durand, alias Feliciano, was captured in the town of Cochas, an annex of the district of El Tambo. Today, in addition to its importance as a center of commerce, Huancayo is known for the crafts and the many festivals of

1292-468: The surrounding towns. Having rapidly expanded in recent decades, it has few remaining colonial buildings. Currently, the cityscape is dominated by modern construction. The city's rise began with the construction of a central railway Callao-La Oroya in 1908 and later extended from Lima to Huancayo in the early 1930s. The railway connection between Lima and Huancayo, introduced new ways of transporting goods. The railway's new avenues for transport contributed to

1330-582: The urban center of the Junín region. This region is considered central Peru's economic and social hub. Huancayo has a subtropical highland climate ( Köppen : Cwb ) characterized by mild days, cold nights, and distinct wet and dry seasons. The total annual precipitation is 660 millimeters (26.0 inches). Huancayo receives the majority of its precipitation during the wet season , which spans from November to March. The dry season , from May to September, sees significantly reduced precipitation, with June and July being

1368-603: The wet season. According to the National Census of 2007, the three main districts of Huancayo have a total population of about 340,000. However, the continuous settlement area have already reached periurban districts, resulting in the agglomeration's population to be at least 380,000 people. Amerindian and Mestizos (Amerindian and Spanish ancestry) are the two largest ethnic groups in the city. Asian (mainly descendants of Japanese and Chinese immigrants) and European descendants are important minority groups. The city, as

1406-485: The whole Chillón valley north of the Rímac River up to the Canta province . In principle, the district was the only one in the north , and included the districts of: Ancón , Santa Rosa , Puente Piedra , Ventanilla , Comas , San Martín de Porres , Independencia , Los Olivos , Santa Rosa de Quives and part of Rímac District . Through the years the district lost most of its territory to newly created districts following

1444-493: Was under the control of the MRTA. Among the most notorious attacks during this time was the assassination of the acting mayor Saúl Muñoz Menacho on July 24, 1984 by former Mayor Félix Ortega Arce on March 29, 1987 and the assassination attempt on January 22, 1989, against the then acting mayor, Ricardo Bohórquez Hernández. In 1988, the leader of the MRTA, Víctor Polay Campos, was captured in the "Plaza Huamanmarca". Starting in 1992, as in

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