The Capitão Cardoso River is a river forming part of the border between Rondônia and Mato Grosso states in western Brazil . It is a tributary of the Roosevelt River .
55-630: The river's watershed is a sub-basin of the Roosevelt River and its headwaters are located in an indigenous reserve near Chapada dos Parecis. This article related to a river in Rondônia , Brazil is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Mato Grosso , Brazil is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Rond%C3%B4nia Rondônia ( pronounced [ʁõˈdoni.ɐ, ʁõˈdonjɐ] )
110-520: A minority of the population. There was a distinction between the ethno-demographic profile of the Santa Cruz de la Sierra region, marked by the mestizo, Spanish and eastern indigenous presence, in relation to the population of the Bolivian Altiplano, western part of the country mostly Andean indigenous with a smaller mestizo and Spanish presence. However, in the last 60 years, large migrations from
165-638: A value of R$ 125 million), niobium (in the form of columbita-tantalita) (3.5 thousand tons at R$ 24 million), and zinc in gross form (26 thousand tons at R$ 27 million) In addition, in gemstones, the state has some production of garnet . In industry , Rondônia had an industrial GDP of R$ 8.2 billion in 2017, equivalent to 0.7% of the national industry. It employs 49,944 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Industrial Services of Public Utility, such as Electricity and Water (54.4%), Construction (19.2%), Food (17.6%), Wood (1.8%) and Non-metallic minerals (1.2%). These 5 sectors concentrate 94.2% of
220-475: Is Bolivia's most populous city, produces nearly 35% of Bolivia's gross domestic product , and receives over 40% of all foreign direct investment in the country. The city is the most important business center in Bolivia and the country's principal destination for national and international migrants. Like much of the history of the people of the region, the history of the area before the arrival of European explorers
275-464: Is an example of the influence of continentality (reflecting the thermal amplitude ) in the tropics , without the four well-defined seasons of the year but greater deviations of temperature than other places in the coast or island. Although the weather is generally very warm all year round, cold winds called "surazos" can blow in occasionally (particularly in the winter) from the Argentine pampas making
330-694: Is considered the fourteenth best in the country, compared to other Brazilian states. In the list of Brazilian states by HDI , with data from 2010, the “Education” factor reached an index of 0.557, an increase of more than 67% compared to 2000, when the state reached only 0.345. According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics ( IBGE ), in 2021 there were 244,815 enrollments in primary education in Rondônia. Santa Cruz de la Sierra Santa Cruz de la Sierra ( Spanish: [ˈsanta ˈkɾus ðe la ˈsjera] ; lit. ' Holy Cross of
385-495: Is not well documented, mostly because of the somewhat nomadic nature and the absence of a written language in the culture of the local tribes. However, recent data suggests that the current location of the city of Santa Cruz was inhabited by an Arawak tribe that later came to be known by the Spanish as Chané . Remains of ceramics and weapons have been found in the area, leading researchers to believe they had established settlements in
440-463: Is one of the 26 states of Brazil , located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). It is bordered by Acre in the west, Amazonas in the north, Mato Grosso in the east, and Bolivia in the south. Rondônia has a population of 1,815,000 as of 2021. It is the fifth least populated state. Its capital and largest city is Porto Velho , bathed by the Madeira River . The state
495-572: Is one of the most diverse in Brazil , composed of migrants from all regions of the country, among whom stand out the Paraná , São Paulo , Minas Gerais , and Rio Grande do Sul , who settled in the capital, still preserving the strong Amazonian traits of the native population in cities bathed by large rivers, especially in Porto Velho and Guajará-Mirim, the two oldest cities in the state. 47.6% Roman Catholic in
550-487: Is part of the province of Andrés Ibáñez and the capital of the department of Santa Cruz. The city of Santa Cruz is located not far from the easternmost extent of the Andes Mountains and they are visible from some parts of the city. The city has a tropical monsoon climate ( Köppen : Am ), with an average annual temperature around 25 °C (77 °F) and all months above of 18 °C or 64.4 °F . Santa Cruz
605-733: The Archdiocese of Porto Velho (1925 as a Territorial Prelature) with 30 parishes under Archbishop Roque Paloschi (2015), and the two suffragan dioceses of Guajará-Mirim (1929 as a Territorial Prelature) with 13 parishes under Bishop Benedito Araújo (2011), and Ji-Paraná (1978 as the Territorial Prelature of Vila Rondônia) with 24 parishes under Bishop Norbert Hans Christoph Foerster (2020); 33.8% Protestant, 0.6% Spiritism, 3.7% other religion, 14.3% non-religious. As of 2011 there were 21 Indigenous Territories in Rondônia, with two more in process of being demarcated. The largest of these,
SECTION 10
#1732901421060660-603: The Treaty of Ayacucho , the border between Bolivia and Brazil was mapped by cartographic teams and agreed in 1879. The Treaty of Petrópolis in 1903 led to the construction of the Madeira-Mamoré Railroad , leading to increased settlement. Decree-Law No. 5812 (13 of September 1943) established the Federal Territory of Guaporé [ pt ] was created from parts of the states of Amazonas and Mato Grosso . By
715-621: The Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indigenous Territory , covers over 1.8 million hectares. Another, the Rio Omerê Indigenous Territory , is home to the Kanoê and Akuntsu people. Both tribes were the victims of massacres by cattle ranchers in the 1970s and 1980s and currently number just four and five individuals respectively. Over 20 indigenous languages are spoken in Rondônia. Below is a list of indigenous languages spoken in
770-509: The 2019 Brazilian harvest, Rondônia harvested 1.2 million tons, 3rd in the North Region. In 2019, the state produced 805 thousand tons of maize , second largest production in the northern region, losing only to Tocantins. In cassava production, Brazil produced a total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Rondônia was the 11th largest producer in the country, with 583 thousand tons. In 2018, Rondônia produced 124 thousand tons of rice . In
825-759: The Mountain Range ' ), commonly known as Santa Cruz , is the largest city in Bolivia and the capital of the Santa Cruz department . Situated on the Pirai River in the eastern Tropical Lowlands of Bolivia, the Santa Cruz de la Sierra Metropolitan Region is the most populous urban agglomeration in Bolivia with an estimated population of 2.4 million in 2020. It is formed out of a conurbation of seven Santa Cruz municipalities: Santa Cruz de la Sierra, La Guardia , Warnes , Cotoca , El Torno , Porongo , and Montero . The city
880-555: The North and 5th largest in Brazil), cocoa (2nd largest producer in the North and 3rd largest in Brazil), beans (2nd largest producer in the North), maize (2nd largest producer in the North region), soybean (3rd largest producer in the North region), rice (3rd largest producer in the North region) and cassava (4th largest producer in the North region). Despite the large volume of production and
935-420: The North, second only to Pará, being the 6th largest in the country, 5th in meat exports and 8th in milk production. The state's milk production in 2018 was around 800 million liters, the largest producer in the North. In 2017, Rondônia had 0.62% of the national mineral participation (8th place in the country). Rondônia had production of tin (10,9 thousand tons at a value of R$ 333 million), gold (1 ton at
990-625: The Rondônia section, crosses the state from the border with Mato Grosso to the border with Acre. It is the main route for the outflow of grain production (especially soy ) from the south of Rondônia and the west of Mato Grosso to the city of Porto Velho, where the grain port is located. A bridge is being built over the Madeira River (the first over this river), which aims to consolidate road transport between Brazil and Peru. One road to Bolivia: One road to Acre: One road to Amazonas: Six roads to Mato Grosso: The quality of Education in Rondônia
1045-399: The Spanish settlers and native people of Bolivia began to mix which has resulted in the majority of the city population being mestizo . When the Spanish settlers arrived to Bolivia, Catholicism , as well as the Spanish language, were implemented onto the natives which is now why the city is predominantly Catholic and speak Spanish. Nevertheless, native religions and languages are still used by
1100-455: The area. Among the few known facts of these tribes, according to accounts of the first Spanish explorers that came into contact with the Chané, are that they had a formal leader, a cacique , called Grigotá for several years but his reign came to an end after one of the several Guarani (Chiriguano) incursions in the area. The first Europeans to set foot in the area were Spanish conquistadores from
1155-459: The capital of the newly formed province of Moxos and Chaves. The settlement was named after Chaves's home town in Extremadura , where he grew up before venturing to America. Shortly after the founding, attacks from local tribes became commonplace and Ñuflo de Chaves was killed in 1568 by Itatine natives. After Chaves's death, the conflicts with the local population as well as power struggles in
SECTION 20
#17329014210601210-432: The capital, Porto Velho . These are: Guajará-Mirim , Ji-Paraná , Vilhena , Ariquemes , Jaru , Pimenta Bueno , Colorado do Oeste , Cacoal , Ouro Preto do Oeste , Presidente Médici , Espigão d'Oeste and Costa Marques . It is the third most populous state in the North Region with 1,815,278 inhabitants, according to an estimate by IBGE for 2021, being surpassed only by Pará and Amazonas . The population density
1265-488: The coming years from the city itself and elsewhere in the province. These new leaders fought colonial authorities for seven years until they finally deposed the last Spanish governor, Manuel Fernando Aramburu, in February 1825 after news of the defeat of the imperial armies in the west had reached the city. The city is located in the eastern part of Bolivia (17°45', South, 63°14', West) at around 400 m above sea level . It
1320-411: The economic activity was centered in the mining centers of the west and the main source of income of the city was agriculture. Animosity towards imperial authorities began at the turn of the 18th century when the new system of intendencias reached the new world. The seat of government was taken away from the city and moved to Cochabamba , and many of the powers delegated by the viceroyalty were now in
1375-818: The economy are oil, forestry companies, agribusiness , and construction. Santa Cruz contributes more than 80% of national agricultural production, and also has contributed over 35% of GDP in recent years. Santa Cruz de la Sierra is served by Bolivia's largest airport, the Viru Viru International Airport , with service on 14 airlines, 10 of which are from other countries, and 12 of them being passenger ones and two being cargo-only airlines. The airline AeroSur had its headquarters in Santa Cruz. The airline ceased operations in May 2012 and has been replaced by Boliviana de Aviación , which flies from Santa Cruz to Miami , Madrid , São Paulo , Buenos Aires and Lima . It
1430-476: The following: Arawan speaking peoples Chapachuran speaking peoples Macro-Je speaking peoples Nambikwaran speaking peoples Panoan speaking peoples Tupian speaking peoples Isolated peoples The Spaniard Ñuflo de Chávez was the first European explorer to reach the valley of the Guaporé River between 1541 and 1542, although he only passed through. Bandeirantes arrived in the region around 1650, with
1485-566: The goal of exploiting the gold and other minerals of the territory. In the same period, Jesuit priests came to the region and founded the first village. As a consequence of the discovery of gold on the right bank of the Guaporé River, the Portuguese Crown founded the Captaincy of Mato Grosso in 1748 with Antonio Rolim de Moura Tavares [ pt ] as governor. On March 19, 1752,
1540-479: The government of the city. In a little over a year Warnes was able to gather tremendous support from the population, enlisting criollos, mestizos and natives to the revolutionary army, and allying with the revolutionary leader of Vallegrande , Alvarez de Arenales, to defeat a strong imperial force in the Battle of Florida. This victory proved to be a serious blow to Spanish forces in the region. Nevertheless, two years after
1595-501: The governor designated Vila Bela da Santíssima Trindade as the capital, from where he commanded the border demarcation following the Treaty of Madrid (1750) . In 1753, he installed a surveillance post in the village of Santa Rosa Velha, built by the Spanish on the right bank of the Guaporé, and thus in Brazilian lands. In 1759, the Spanish governor of Santa Cruz de la Sierra requested that
1650-487: The hands of appointees of the crown. Like in many parts of Spanish America at the time, angered by the reforms the criollos saw as a threat to their way of life, and taking advantage of the Peninsular War , the local population, led by Antonio Vicente Seonane, revolted on September 24, 1810, overthrowing the governor delegate. A junta of local commanders took control of the government in his place. The revolutionaries, as it
1705-531: The largest city in Bolivia , the one with the greatest mestizo and Creole identity, and with a smaller indigenous population. The first settlers of Santa Cruz were mainly the Native Chane people of East Bolivia followed by the Spaniards that accompanied Ñuflo de Chávez, as well as Guarani natives from Paraguay , and other native American groups that previously lived there working for the Spanish crown. Eventually,
Capitão Cardoso River - Misplaced Pages Continue
1760-501: The law of February 17 1956, the region became known as the Federal Territory of Rondônia, in honor of Marshal Cândido Rondon . The exploitation of brazil nuts and rubber was the main economic activity until the discovery of cassiterite deposits, which accelerated the development and settlement of the region. This development led to the territory achieving the status of a state in 1982, with 13 constituent municipalities, including
1815-636: The most deforested places in the Amazon. By 2003 around 70,000 km of rainforest had been cleared. The area around the Guaporé River is part of the Beni savanna ecoregion. The Samuel Dam is located in the state, on the Jamari River . Before the Portuguese discovery of Brazil , the region where the present state of Rondônia is situated was populated by indigenous peoples , who are known to have included
1870-505: The new location forcing the settlers to relocate once again on May 21, 1595. Although this was the final relocation of the city, the name San Lorenzo continued to be used until the early 17th century, when the settlers who remained behind in Santa Cruz de la Sierra were convinced by the colonial authorities to move to San Lorenzo. After they moved the city was finally consolidated in 1622 and took its original name of Santa Cruz de la Sierra given by Ñuflo de Chaves over 60 years before. Remnants of
1925-479: The original settlement can be visited in Santa Cruz la Vieja ("Old Santa Cruz"), an archaeological site south of San José de Chiquitos. Over the next 200 years, several tribes were either incorporated under Spanish control or defeated by force. The city also became an important staging point for Jesuit missions to Chiquitos and Moxos, leading to the conversion of thousands of Guaranies, Moxeños, Chiquitanos, Guarayos and Chiriguanos that eventually became part of
1980-534: The population in general to settle the region. It was not until after the middle of the 20th century with profound agrarian and land reforms that the city began to grow at a very fast pace. Due to its low elevation at the foothills of the Andes and being situated in the Amazon basin , the city has a tropical climate unlike the other main metro area of La Paz that is thousands of meters higher in terms of elevation. Santa Cruz
2035-559: The post be evacuated. Instead, Rolim de Moura built a fort to replace it, which became known as the Presídio de Nossa Senhora da Conceição [ pt ] . Due to the climate and the incursions of the Spanish, the Presidio was soon in ruins. It was rebuilt in 1769 by Governor Luís Pinto de Sousa Coutinho , and renamed as Forte de Bragança. Ruined again, in 1776 the Forte Príncipe da Beira
2090-437: The production of cocoa , Pará has been competing with Bahia for the leadership of Brazilian production. In 2019, Pará harvested 135 thousand tons of cocoa, and Bahians harvested 130 thousand tons. Rondônia is the 3rd largest cocoa producer in the country, with 18 thousand tons harvested in 2017. In 2017, the state had a cattle herd of 14,098,031 head of cattle (73,37% for beef and the rest for dairy), second largest herd in
2145-551: The province a great degree of autonomy. The province was ruled by a Captain General based in Santa Cruz, and, in turn, the city government was administered by two mayors and a council of four people. Citizens of Santa Cruz were exempt from all imperial taxes and the mita system used in the rest of the Viceroyalty of Peru was not practiced. However, in spite of its strategic importance, the city did not grow much in colonial times. Most of
2200-585: The racially mixed population of the modern Santa Cruz, Beni , Pando and Tarija departments of Bolivia. Another important role the small town played in the region for the Spanish Empire was to contain the incursions of Portuguese Bandeirantes , many of which were repelled by the use of force over the years. The efforts for consolidating the borders of the Empire were not overlooked by the authorities in Lima, who granted
2255-537: The recently created Governorate of New Andalusia that encompassed the territories of present-day Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Chile. In 1549, Captain General Domingo Martinez de Irala became the first Spaniard to explore the region, but it was not until 1558 that Ñuflo de Chavez , who had arrived in Asunción in 1541 with Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca , led a new expedition with the objective of settling
Capitão Cardoso River - Misplaced Pages Continue
2310-540: The region. After discovering that a new expedition from Asuncion was already underway, he quickly traveled to Lima and successfully persuaded the Viceroy to create a new province and grant him the title of governor on February 15, 1560. Upon returning from Lima, Chavez founded the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Holy Cross of the Hills) on February 26, 1561, 220 km (137 mi) east of its present-day location, to function as
2365-533: The settlement forced the authorities in Peru to order the new governor, Lorenzo Suarez de Figueroa to relocate the city to the west. Many of the inhabitants, however, chose to stay behind and continued living in the original location. On September 13, 1590, the city was officially moved to the banks of the Guapay Empero river and renamed San Lorenzo de la Frontera. Nevertheless, the conditions proved to be even more severe at
2420-426: The small territory by the region's standards (7 times smaller than Amazonas and 6 times smaller than Pará), Rondônia still has more than 60% of its territory fully preserved. In coffee production, Rondônia was, in 2019, the 5th largest producer in the country, being the 2nd largest producer of Coffea canephora , getting a total of 2.3 million bags of 60 kg of coffee (near 138 thousand tons) this year. In soy , in
2475-420: The south-central part of the country, stimulated by the federal government's colonization projects and the availability of cheap and fertile land. The development of agricultural activities has transformed the area into one of the main agricultural frontiers in the country and one of the most prosperous and productive regions in northern Brazil. The state stands out in the production of coffee (largest producer in
2530-420: The state's industry. Governador Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport is located in the state capital of Porto Velho. Domestic airports at Ji-Paraná , Ariquemes , Pimenta Bueno , Guajará-Mirim , Vilhena and Principe da Beira. Waterways: Pôrto Velho is an Amazon River port. The state of Rondônia has 24,000 kilometers of highways, of which only 7% are paved. The BR-364 , fully paved in
2585-401: The state: The economy of the state of Rondônia has, as main activities, agriculture, livestock, food industry and vegetal and mineral extraction. In 2016, the state's GDP reached R$ 39.451 billion. Its export basket is mainly composed of frozen beef (43.43%), soy (32.77%), raw tin (7.08%), sawn wood (2.36%) and edible giblets (2.02%). Beginning in the 1970s, the state attracted farmers from
2640-550: The temperature drop considerably. The months of greatest rainfall are December and January. The average annual rainfall is 1,321 mm (52 in). Santa Cruz sits at the edge of the Codo de Arica, where winds are particularly strong in Bolivia. Annual variations in temperature and precipitation are common, as is the case across much of the region. Annual precipitation in recent history has varied between 900 and 2,300 millimetres (35 and 91 in). The city of Santa Cruz is, besides being
2695-482: The victory of Florida, imperial forces launched a new offensive in the province led by Francisco Javier Aguilera. This campaign ended with the defeat and death of Ignacio Warnes and his forces in the Battle of Pari. Triumphant, Aguilera marched into the city with orders to quell the insurrection and reinstate the Spanish governor. This proved to be a very difficult task, with several revolutionary leaders, such as Jose Manuel "Cañoto" Baca and Jose Manuel Mercado, rising up in
2750-526: The western regions of Bolivia to Santa Cruz have transformed the demographics of the city and department redefining its social and ethnic spectrum. In recent years, external migration has also become noticeable in Santa Cruz. Immigrants in Bolivia, especially in Santa Cruz have mainly originated from Argentina , Brazil , Spain , Peru , United States and Mexico . The city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra has utility infrastructure, roads and highways, and lively shopping and businesses. The main sectors that drive
2805-510: Was 6.6 inhabitants/km . Urbanization : 66.8% (2004); Population growth : 2.2% (1991-2000); Houses : 430,747 (2005). Four of its municipalities have a population above 100,000 inhabitants, these being Porto Velho, Ji-Paraná, Ariquemes and Vilhena. The 2022 census revealed the following numbers: 936,708 Brown ( Multiracial ) people (59.2%), 486,123 White people (30.7%), 136,793 Black people (8.7%), 17,278 Amerindian people (1.1%), 4,257 Asian people (0.3%). The population of Rondônia
SECTION 50
#17329014210602860-593: Was built in its place. In 1772, Francisco de Melo Palheta [ pt ] led an expedition from Belém which reached the Madeira River , the Mamoré River and the Guaporé River, reaching Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The decline of mining and the proclamation of the First Brazilian Republic caused the region to lose its economic importance until the end of the nineteenth century, when the exploitation of rubber entered its peak. In April 1878, following to
2915-408: Was first founded in 1561 by Spanish explorer Ñuflo de Chavez about 200 km (124 mi) east of its current location, and was moved several times until it was finally established on the Pirai River in the late 16th century. For much of its history, Santa Cruz was mostly a small outpost town, and even after Bolivia gained its independence in 1825 there was little attention from the authorities or
2970-663: Was named after Cândido Rondon , who explored the north of the country during the 1910s. The state, which is home to c. 0.7% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for c. 0.3% of the Brazilian GDP . The state has 52 municipalities and occupies an area of 237,590.547 km , equivalent to the territory of Romania and almost five times larger than Croatia . In addition to this, there are other important cities such as Ariquemes , Cacoal , Guajará-Mirim , Ji-Paraná , Rolim de Moura and Vilhena . Rondonia used to be home to over 200,000 km of rainforest , but has become one of
3025-616: Was the case with most of the revolts in Spanish America , remained loyal to the King of Spain , while repudiating the colonial authorities until after the end of the Peninsular War. By 1813 the city was once again under imperial control. At this time, by order of General Manuel Belgrano , the revolutionary armies of Argentina sent a small force led by Ignacio Warnes to "liberate" Santa Cruz. After his successful campaign, he assumed control of
#59940