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26-504: Named Tolstoi ( (in Russian) "blunt" or "broad") by Mikhail Tebenkov (1833), it was named Sredul ("middle") on an 1852 Russian Hydrographic Service chart, with Tolstoi added as a synonym. The name Nome, used by Henry Kellett in 1849, first appears on British Admiralty charts after the John Franklin search expeditions. In 1901, Sir William Wharton wrote: "The name Cape Nome, which

52-506: A dike is a discordant intrusive sheet, which does cut across older rocks. Sills are fed by dikes, except in unusual locations where they form in nearly vertical beds attached directly to a magma source. The rocks must be brittle and fracture to create the planes along which the magma intrudes the parent rock bodies, whether this occurs along preexisting planes between sedimentary or volcanic beds or weakened planes related to foliation in metamorphic rock. These planes or weakened areas allow

78-407: A sill is a tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock , beds of volcanic lava or tuff , or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock . A sill is a concordant intrusive sheet , meaning that it does not cut across preexisting rock beds. Stacking of sills builds a sill complex and a large magma chamber at high magma flux . In contrast,

104-734: A sloop named Urup in 1826–1834. Tebenkov surveyed Norton Sound on behalf of the Imperial Russian Hydrographic Service in 1831 and was the first European to sight the bay that now bears his name. He surveyed Tebenkof Bay in 1833 before returning to St. Petersburg . In 1835 Tebenkov sailed from Cronstadt back to Alaska via Cape Horn as commander of the Russian American Company's ship Elena. He arrived in Sitka in April 1836. Between 1845 and 1850, Tebenkov served as

130-404: A broad arc of fairly uniform curvature, like the present beach, but with smaller radius. The elevation of the depression between Cape Nome and Army Peak is 115 feet (35 m). Bed rock is traced northwestward from Cape Nome for a distance of nearly 5 miles (8.0 km), and in the low rounded hill between Hastings and Saunders creeks has an elevation of 297 feet (91 m). Between this point and

156-457: A few kilometers), the pressure of overlying rock means few if any vesicles can form in a sill. Lava flows will also typically show evidence of weathering on their upper surface, whereas sills, if still covered by country rock, typically do not. Certain layered intrusions are a variety of sill that often contain important ore deposits. Precambrian examples include the Bushveld , Insizwa and

182-451: Is marked by large lagoons. West of Cape Nome, the shoreline, as far as Cape Rodney, is almost straight and uninterrupted except for the tidal inlets at the mouths of the larger rivers. Near the coast between Sinuk River and the flat-topped promontory of Cape Nome is a well-marked bench at an altitude of about 700 feet (210 m). The shore line may formerly have extended from the hills west of Cripple River to Cape Nome, and probably formed

208-406: Is off the entrance to Norton bay, first appears on our charts from an original of Kellett in 1849. I suppose the town gets its name from the same source, but what that is we have nothing to show." Another interpretation, by the geographer George Davidson , is that a draftsman may have misinterpreted the notation "? Name" as "C. Nome". Cape Nome is located 129 miles (208 km) to the south east of

234-481: Is that granite has become the feldspathic schist near the boundary on the northern side of the cape. A microscopic examination of the samples of feldspar intrusions in granite of the Cape have indicated that the large crystals of orthoclase feldspar have principal minerals of quartz, orthoclase, microcline , albite, epidote, and biotite. Establishing the age of the granite formations of Cape Nome and its geological link with

260-624: The Bering Strait . The western extension of the North America and the eastern extension of Asia are separated by the waters of the strait. It is reported that a bridge connected the two parts some years back and that the people of the two regions interacted and trading contacts existed during the start of the Christian era . In 1791 and 1861, Commodore Joseph Billings and Otto van Koztebue carried out explorations close to Cape Nome. A trading post

286-818: The Great Dyke complexes of southern Africa; and the Duluth intrusive complex along Lake Superior , and the Stillwater igneous complex of the United States. Phanerozoic examples are usually smaller and include the Rùm peridotite complex of Scotland and the Skaergaard igneous complex of east Greenland . These intrusions often contain concentrations of gold , platinum , chromium and other rare elements. Despite their concordant nature, many large sills change stratigraphic level within

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312-695: The Imperial Russian Navy . From 1845 to 1850, he served as director of the Russian American Company and the governor of Russian America . He is especially noted for having surveyed and mapped the still little-known coast of Alaska . His Atlas of the Northwest Coasts of America: from Bering Strait to Cape Corrientes and the Aleutian Islands was published in 1852 and contained 39 engraved maps. In 1821, Mikhail Tebenkov graduated from

338-524: The biotite formation attaining a fine grained status that gives the appearance of a banded gneissic structure. The feldspar crystals found in the granite, generally of 1 to.1.5 inches diameter, have intruded into both granitic and gneissic formations. The seaward face of Cape Nome is part of the Nome quadrangle , and is spread over an area of 3.75 square miles (9.7 km2), along a boundary contact zone noted here. Another feature recorded during field on observations

364-515: The Army Peak schist mass, still farther to the northwest, is an interval of about 3 miles (4.8 km) across a broad, low saddle where no rocks are exposed. The Nome tundra gravels occupy the crescent-shaped lowland extending from Cape Nome to the hills west of Cripple River. The coastal plain or tundra gravel occupies the crescent-shaped area included between the sea and the hills and extending from Cape Nome to Rodney Creek, 14 miles (23 km) west of

390-577: The Naval Cadet Corps School. For the next three years, he served on different ships in the Baltic Sea . In 1824, Tebenkov was put in charge of logging for shipbuilding purposes near Narva . In January 1825, he joined the Russian American Company , which led colonizing and trade efforts in North America. He would later command the company-owned brigantines Golovnin, Ryurik, Chichagov, and

416-520: The Seaward Peninsula. The studies in 1947 did not confirm the presence of allanite or radioactive mineral in the granites. Archaeological excavations have been carried out, during 1970–76 seasons, at Cape Nome, which has established that more than one cultural phase existed here. 300 pits were excavated to find the archaeological background to the Late Norton and Early Norton phase of civilization in

442-522: The cape area, which is interpreted as representing the Pre-Birnirk culture, termed as the Cape Nome Phase. 64°26′13″N 165°00′36″W  /  64.437°N 165.010°W  / 64.437; -165.010 Mikhail Tebenkov Mikhail Dmitriyevich Tebenkov ( Russian : Михаил Дмитриевич Тебеньков ; also Tebenkof ; 1802 – April 3, 1872) was a Russian hydrographer and vice admiral of

468-716: The census. The granite formations of the Cape Nome and the greenstone formations which occur in the form of dykes and sills that intrude into the limestone and schist formations of the Nome , are interpreted as an intrusive form of green stone only. However, Cape Nome represents a large geological formation of granites seen in the seaward face of the Cape. It also has intrusions of green stone and porphyritic rocks with feldspar crystals . Allanite , epidote , secondary minerals like chlorite and albite are also discerned. Minor quartz fillings are noticed in feldspar crystals. The Metamorphosis process, which has resulted in

494-849: The director of the Russian American Company and the governor of Russian America . Tebenkov was perhaps the most outstanding Russian surveyor of the time, dedicating much time and patient work to the improvement of charts of the Alaskan coast. Trebenkov's noted Atlas of the Northwest Coasts of America: from Bering Strait to Cape Corrientes and the Aleutian Islands was published in 1852. The 39 maps of this atlas were engraved at Sitka around 1849 by Kozma Terentev (or Terentief), an Alaskan-Russian creole man. Besides Tebenkof Bay, other geographic features of Alaska, including Tebenkof Glacier , Mount Tebenkof and Point Tebenkof were named after Captain Mikhail Tebenkov. Sill (geology) In geology,

520-533: The granites of Kigluaik Mountains has not been possible, due to the fact that the intrusions took place over eons . In 1947, a field party of the Geological Survey carried out a brief study of the area to ascertain and confirm the earlier claims (a 1946 tracer study) of finding allanite and also radioactive minerals in the Cape Nome granites. The study was conducted as the Cape Nome area was easily accessible on

546-501: The gravels of Sinuk River . A rush to the region took place immediately after the news reached the miners about Golovnin Bay, and on October 18, the Cape Nome mining precinct was formed. An Eskimo village with a population of 80 was named in the cape. It was given the name as Ayacheruk in the text while the map spelled it as Aiacheruk . Cape Nome is a blunt, rocky headland on Seward Peninsula. The shore line between Cape Nome and Topkok

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572-429: The intruded sequence, with each concordant part of the intrusion linked by relatively short dike-like segments. Such sills are known as transgressive. The geometry of large sill complexes in sedimentary basins has become clearer with the availability of 3D seismic reflection data. Such data has shown that many sills have an overall saucer shape and that many others are at least in part transgressive. Examples include

598-557: The intrusion of a thin sheet-like body of magma paralleling the existing bedding planes, concordant fracture zone, or foliations. Sills run parallel to beds (layers) and foliations in the surrounding country rock . They can be originally emplaced in a horizontal orientation, although tectonic processes may cause subsequent rotation of horizontal sills up to near vertical orientations. Sills can be confused with solidified lava flows; however, there are several differences between them. Intruded sills will show partial melting and incorporation of

624-453: The mouth of Snake River. Lagoons shut off from the sea by sand bars may be seen east of Cape Nome. Cape Nome first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as the unincorporated Inuit village of "Ayacheruk" (with alternative spellings of Ahyoksekawik and Aiacheruk). All 60 residents were Inuit. In 1890, it returned as Cape Nome including the native villages of Ahyoksekawik (Ayacheruk) & Kogluk. All 41 residents were native. It did not appear again on

650-445: The surrounding country rock. On both contact surfaces of the country rock into which the sill has intruded, evidence of heating will be observed ( contact metamorphism ). Lava flows will show this evidence only on the lower side of the flow. In addition, lava flows will typically show evidence of vesicles (bubbles) where gases escaped into the atmosphere. Because sills form below the surface, even though generally at shallow depths (up to

676-473: Was established at St. Michael along a sea route of 130 miles (210 km) from Cape Nome and by a land route of 225 miles (362 km). Prior to the discovery of gold at Cape Nome, a mission had been established for a number of years at the cape where one of the Government reindeer herds was maintained. Placer gold was discovered on Snake River in 1898 by a party which started from Golovnin Bay to prospect

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