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30-578: The FTb was primarily intended to be a camera for the advanced amateur photographer, offering many of the same features and same build quality as the F-1, but without the option of interchangeable prisms, focusing screens, or motor drives. The Canon FTb was released at a retail price of 35,000 yen for the camera body ($ 99, or US$ 580 in 1971 USD). The FTb has an all-mechanical horizontally traveling focal plane shutter with timed speeds from 1/1000 to 1 second and bulb. The FTb has rubberized silk shutter curtains rather than

60-644: A mounting head to couple with a camera. The mounting head usually includes a thumbscrew that mates to a female-threaded receptacle on the camera, as well as a mechanism to be able to rotate and tilt the camera when it is mounted on the tripod. Tripod legs are usually made to telescope , in order to save space when not in use. Tripods are usually made from aluminum , carbon fiber , steel, wood or plastic. Tripods are used for both still and motion photography to prevent camera movement. They are necessary when slow-speed exposures are being made, or when lenses of extreme focal length are used, as any camera movement while

90-402: A full sized tripod would be too bulky to carry. An alternative is a clamp-pod , which is a ball head attached to a C-clamp . Another technique involves forming a string triangle held taut around the two feet of the photographer and linked to the camera. This negative string "tripod" can stabilize the camera sufficiently to use a shutter speed three stops slower. The head is the part of

120-449: A modern camera on a legacy tripod and vice versa. The UNC threads are at a 60-degree angle and flattened, whereas the BSW are at a 55-degree angle and rounded crest. However, at least one English manufacturer uses No.1 B.A. ( British Association screw threads ) for tripod mounts. There are several types of tripods. The least expensive, generally made of aluminum tubing and costing less than US$ 50,

150-465: A removable 1/4-20 UNC adapter, allowing them to be mounted on a tripod using either standard. Historically, The Royal Photographic Society recommended the thread standard for attaching older cameras to tripods was 3/16-24 BSW (3/16 inch nominal diameter, 24 threads per inch), or 1/4-20 BSW for smaller cameras and 3/8-16 BSW for larger cameras and pan/tilt heads. In this application, the BSW and UNC thread profiles are similar enough that one can mount

180-524: A shutter speed display was added in the lower left hand corner of the viewfinder. This model was unofficially known as FTb-N or FTbn. [REDACTED] Media related to Canon FTb at Wikimedia Commons   Canon F series   |   F series with pellicle mirror   |   Canon T series   |   Canon A series   See also: Early Canon film SLR cameras | Canon EOS film cameras | Canon EOS digital cameras Mirror lock-up Mirror lock-up (often abbreviated to MLU )

210-576: A single 1.35 volt 625-type mercury cell, specifically the Mallory PX-625 and the Eveready EPX-625. While these batteries are obsolete, modern replacements include the Wein zinc-air cell PX625, available at large online retailers. Alternative options for replacement are to use a 1.5 volt silver battery either through a voltage dropping adapter or recalibrating the meter. Using modern zinc air batteries provide

240-405: A tripod of some sort is often necessary for professional photography. Tripods are also used as an alternative to C-Stands as photographic accessories. For maximum strength and stability, most photographic tripods are braced around a center post, with collapsible telescoping legs and a telescoping section at the top that can be raised or lowered. At the top of the tripod is the head, which includes

270-419: A tripod, some photographers use a one-legged telescoping stand called a monopod for convenience in setup and breakdown. A monopod requires the photographer to hold the camera in place, but because the monopod reduces the number of degrees of freedom of the camera, and also because the photographer no longer has to support the full weight of the camera, it can provide some of the same stabilization advantages as

300-540: A tripod. For low-angle shots particularly in cinematography , short tripods with fixed length legs and no center column may be used. The lowest of these is called a low hat , with a slightly higher version referred to as a hi hat . A travel tripod is one that has been designed to fit certain criteria including lightness and rigidity to give the photographer the freedom to travel and carry their tripod for extended periods. It must be small and light enough to be carried as hand baggage yet has enough strength to support

330-494: Is a feature employed in many Single Lens Reflex (SLR) cameras . It allows the operator to reduce vibration -induced motion blur during exposure . It also allows the mounting of lenses which extend into the SLR's mirror box when mounted. Normal operation in an SLR camera involves flipping the mirror up out of the light-path just before the shutter opens, and then returning it when the shutter closes (although very early SLR's required

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360-422: Is a small pin on the front of the mounting screw that is used to stabilize camcorders . This is not found on the more expensive photographic tripods. More expensive professional tripods are sturdier, stronger, and usually come with no integrated head. The separate heads allow a tripod-head combination to be customized to the photographer's needs. There are expensive carbon fiber tripods, used for applications where

390-403: Is used primarily for consumer still and video cameras; these generally come with an attached head and rubber feet. The head is very basic, and often not entirely suitable for smooth panning of a camcorder . A common feature, mostly designed for still cameras, allows the head to flip sideways 90 degrees to allow the camera to take pictures in portrait format rather than landscape . Often included

420-524: The ball , which attaches to the camera, and the socket , which attaches to the tripod. The camera is attached to the ball by means of quick release plate or a simple UNC 1/4"-20 screw. The socket encloses the rotating ball and also contains the controls for locking the ball. The socket has a slot on the side to allow the camera to be rotated to the portrait orientation. Ball heads come in varying degrees of complexity. Some have only one control for both ball and pan lock, while others have individual controls for

450-487: The jerkiness caused by the stick-slip effect found in other types of tripod heads. Gimbal heads are single-axis heads used in order to allow a balanced movement for camera and lenses. This proves useful in wildlife photography as well as in any other case where very long and heavy telephoto lenses are adopted: a gimbal head rotates a lens around its center of gravity, thus allowing for easy and smooth manipulation while tracking moving subjects. In place of or to supplement

480-404: The ball lock, pan lock, and ball friction. Ball heads are used when a free-flowing movement of the camera is needed. They are also more stable and can hold heavier loads than pan-tilt heads. However, ball heads have the disadvantage that only one control is available to allow or prevent movement of all axes of rotation, so if the camera is tilted around one axis, there may be a risk of rotation about

510-580: The camera from moving. Use of a tripod helps prevent movement of the camera during this operation. Combined with a remote or cable release, this greatly reduces the potential for vibration of the camera. Some lenses are designed such that they extend into the mirror box when properly mounted on an SLR. These may include early wide-angle lenses for SLR's, certain lenses designed for rangefinder cameras , and certain other non-SLR lenses adapted for SLR use. Mirror lock-up must be activated prior to mounting such lenses, and kept in place in order to prevent damage to

540-411: The camera mount (usually a detachable plate with a thumbscrew to hold on to the camera), several joints to allow the camera to pan, rotate and tilt, and usually a handle to allow the operator to do so without jostling the camera. Some tripods also feature integrated remote controls to control a camcorder or camera, though these are usually proprietary to the company that built the camera. Materials used in

570-450: The certain axis. This allows movement in one, several, or none of the axes. When the rotation around all axes is needed, a ball head is used. There are some pan-tilt heads that use gears for precision control of each axis. This is helpful for some types of photography, such as macro photography . Other head types include the gimbal, fluid, gear, alt-azimuth , and equatorial heads. Fluid heads and gear heads move very smoothly, avoiding

600-443: The construction of tripod or monopod legs include metal (typically bare or painted aluminum), wood and carbon fiber-reinforced plastics, among others. Per ISO 1222:2010, the current tripod bolt thread standard for attaching the camera calls for a 1/4-20  UNC or 3/8-16 UNC thread. Most consumer cameras are fitted with 1/4-20 UNC threads. Larger, professional cameras and lenses may be fitted with 3/8-16 UNC threads, plus

630-547: The lens or camera. This method of operation prevents any use of the SLR viewfinder with the lens. Prior to the development of lenses utilizing the Angénieux retrofocus concept, mirror lock-up was essential to wide-angle SLR photography. Tripod (photography) In photography , a tripod is a portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a camera , a flash unit, or other videographic or observational/measuring equipment. All photographic tripods have three legs and

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660-464: The mirror up before using the shutter release button normally. On some cameras MLU is not a separate feature, but operated as part of the self timer (notably the Nikon FE line of cameras). Note that when the mirror is in the up and locked position, the subject is no longer visible through the viewfinder . Therefore, the photographer must compose the photograph prior to activating mirror lock-up and keep

690-415: The more durable but more expensive titanium curtains found on the F-1. It offers a 10-second self-timer, as well as mirror lock-up . The meter is of the 12% (1/9) partial type with the metering area indicated by a slightly darkened box in the center of the finder area. It is fully coupled to shutter speed dial and aperture ring on FD lenses in the match needle style. The meter was designed to be powered by

720-475: The original voltage, but have a relatively short life. In 1973, the FTb design was revised slightly. The camera was given a plastic tipped film advance lever. The stop down lever was changed to the same style as that found on the F-1. The PC sync socket was given a spring-loaded plastic cover. The ring around the outer edge of the shutter speed dial was changed from a scalloped design to a diamond textured design. Finally,

750-600: The other axes as well. When a movement around one or two axes or rotation is needed, a pan-tilt head is used. The pan-tilt head has separate joints and controls for tilting and panning , so that a certain axis can be controlled without affecting the other axes. These heads come in two types, called 2-way and 3-way. 2-way heads have 2 axes and controls, one for panoramic rotation and one for front tilt. 3-way heads have 3 axes and controls, one for panoramic rotation, front tilt, and lateral tilt. The controls on these heads are usually handles that can be turned to loosen or tighten

780-434: The shutter is open will produce a blurred image. In the same vein, they reduce camera shake , and thus are instrumental in achieving maximum sharpness . A tripod is also helpful in achieving precise framing of the image, or when more than one image is being made of the same scene, for example when bracketing the exposure. The use of a tripod may also allow for a more thoughtful approach to photography. For all of these reasons,

810-412: The shutter to be cocked for the mirror to return). This causes vibration of the camera, particularly when the mirror slaps into the top of the mirror box. This vibration quickly dies away so the most motion blur is actually seen with short shutter times that capture multiple 'swings' of the vibration (shutter speeds of 1/2 to 1/60 second are often affected by this). While longer exposures will capture all of

840-674: The tripod needs to be lightweight. Many tripods, even some relatively inexpensive ones, also include leveling indicators for the legs of the tripod and the head. Many of the more expensive tripods have additional features, such as a reversible center post so that the camera may be mounted between the legs, allowing for shots from low positions, and legs that can open to several different angles. Small tabletop tripods (sometimes called tablepods ) are also available, ranging from relatively flimsy models costing less than US$ 20, to professional models that can cost up to US$ 800 and can support up to 68 kg (150 lb). They are used in situations where

870-406: The tripod that attaches to the camera and allows it to be aimed. It may be integrated into the tripod, or a separate part. There are generally two different types of heads available. A ball head utilizes a ball joint to allow rotational movement about all axes from a single point. Some ball heads also have a separate panoramic rotation joint on the base of the head. The head has two main parts,

900-474: The vibrations, the exposure will be dominated by light captured when the camera is vibration-free (assuming a steady mount). Mirror lock-up involves flipping the mirror up well before the shutter opens, allowing the vibrations to die down before exposing the film. On some cameras MLU may be operated by an extra push of the shutter button, the second push resulting in the actual opening of the shutter. Other arrangements may involve an extra lever or button that flips

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