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78-540: The original six astronauts selected in 1983 were under the auspices of the National Research Council of Canada . They were transferred to the Canadian Space Agency when it was established in 1989. Since 1984, when Marc Garneau became the first Canadian in space, nine CSA astronauts have flown on US NASA Space Shuttles and on Russian Soyuz rockets in 15 missions. In May 2009, Robert Thirsk flew to

156-487: A semiconductor commonly used in light-emitting diodes . The GaN Electronics Program supports partner research and development activities with a goal of ensuring that GaN technology will create wealth and a greener future for Canadians. The NRC is the only Canadian foundry for GaN electronics, and offers both normally-on and normally-off devices. The GaN500v2 Foundry Design Kit was released on June 28, 2014. The NRC Industrial Research Assistance Program ( NRC-IRAP )

234-517: A 23-month period during which NRC management was aware that the organization was contaminating the water table outside its fire-safety testing facility in Mississippi Mills, Ontario , with perfluorinated chemicals used in firefighting foams and did not inform that community's inhabitants. John McDougall's departure – signalled by a sudden, three-line email to employees in March 2016 announced that he

312-458: A NRC $ 35,750 grant. NRC's fleet of research and test aircraft The NRC has a fleet of nine aircraft for their research purposes: NRC's past fleet of research and test aircraft Former aircraft include other models of the nine listed above and the following: Research aircraft Several Nobel laureates have been associated with the NRC at various points of their careers, including: Under

390-416: A Security and Intelligence Bureau to review and analyze overtly acquired information. The bureau plays a coordinating and policy role. While not an intelligence agency, it is responsible for the security of Global Affairs Canada personnel around the world. However, these agencies are not to be confused with the more encompassing work of larger, more dedicated "intelligence agencies" such as CSIS, MI5, MI6 , or

468-531: A budget of approximately $ 97 million (2013–2018), the Canadian Wheat Alliance will be conducting research on improving the yield of Canadian wheat crops and on the most efficient use of chemical fertilizers. Working with breeders and scientists at the Crop Development Centre and at AAFC, they will be integrating long-term research with genetic improvement of wheat. Gallium nitride (GaN) is

546-463: A change in research focus away from basic research and towards industry-relevant research. This included the development of multiple programs which shifted the research budget out of existing projects and into a number of focused programs. In October 2012, John McDougall and his appointment, Dr. Ian Potter (VP Business Management), served termination notices to all of the NRC's Business Development Officer's (BDOs) across Canada, which ultimately impacted

624-460: A company involved in lobbying for the development of an algae system to recycle carbon emissions. The NRC was not involved in this area of research prior to the arrival of McDougall. The Canadian Wheat Improvement Program is a "strategic collaboration with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), the University of Saskatchewan ’s Crop Development Centre and the province of Saskatchewan." With

702-410: A dataset that "predominantly relates to non-Canadians who are outside Canada." There is a distinction between "security intelligence" and "foreign intelligence". Security intelligence pertains to national security threats (e.g., terrorism , espionage ). Foreign intelligence involves information collection relating to the political or economic activities of foreign states. Previous law stated that CSIS

780-528: A direct threat to our national security and sovereignty." Meanwhile, in May 2023, according to a CSIS intelligence assessment which provided an overview of Chinese government foreign interference in Canada, it was claimed that China sees Canada as a “high-priority target” and employs “incentives and punishment” as part of a vast influence network directed at legislators, business executives and diaspora communities. In 2024,

858-787: A regulatory function) that have been granted a heraldic badge . The badge was created in July 1984 (pre-dating the creation of the Canadian Heraldic Authority ). The badge received royal approval in June 1985. On December 21, 2016, a CSIS flag was raised for the first time by the director at the national headquarters. The flag displays the CSIS badge on a white field. In the book, The Mosaic Effect , co-authors, former Canadian Military Security Intelligence Analyst, Scott McGregor and Journalist Ina Mitchell revealed that employees' internal nickname for CSIS

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936-469: A study alleging China had set up a foreign influence network in Canada. The RCMP accused CSIS of "watering down" the report. In several instances, CSIS has been accused of misrepresenting facts to the courts. In 2013, CSIS was censured by Federal Court Judge Richard Mosley for deliberately misleading the Federal Court to make it possible for them to allow other agencies to spy on Canadians abroad, which

1014-656: Is "the Sisters." CSIS is a federal national security agency which conducts national security investigations and security intelligence collection. CSIS collects and analyzes intelligence, then advises the Government of Canada on issues and activities that may threaten the security of Canada and its citizens. These threats include terrorism, espionage and foreign interference in Canadian affairs, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and information security threats. The agency

1092-620: Is a foreign intelligence service and security agency of the federal government of Canada . It is responsible for gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world and conducting covert action within Canada and abroad. CSIS reports to the Minister of Public Safety , and is subject to review by the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency . The CSIS has no law enforcement function and mainly focuses on intelligence gathering overseas. The agency

1170-544: Is also responsible for the security screening program. There is no restriction in the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act on where CSIS may collect "security intelligence" or information relating to threats to the security of Canada. The Service can collect three sorts of datasets: a publicly available dataset, a dataset which belongs to an approved class which is defined by the Minister, and

1248-626: Is composed of members from the House of Commons and Senate . While members are made up of Members of Parliament , the committee is not a standing committee nor a special committee of Parliament. Rather, it is an agency of the executive branch, itself overseen by the Prime Minister's Office . According to L'Hebdo Journal, it is reported that some senior officials of the service used a bunker in Ottawa to file and discuss warrant applications with judges of

1326-576: Is led by a director, the current being interim appointee Vanessa Lloyd, who assumed the role on July 20, 2024. Prior to 1984, security intelligence in Canada was the purview of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). However, during the 1970s, there were allegations that the RCMP Security Service – the predecessor to CSIS – had been involved in numerous illegal activities. As a result of these allegations, Justice David McDonald

1404-533: Is located in downtown Burnaby with a district office at the Vancouver International Airport . CSIS is functionally divided into three Deputy Directorates and five Assistant Directorates: CSIS also houses a Chief Audit and Evaluation Executive and a Senior Officer for Disclosure of Wrongdoing. CSIS officers stationed in foreign flashpoints, such as Afghanistan, carry unspecified guns, however they are not authorized to bear arms inside Canada. It

1482-584: Is neither a police agency nor is it a part of the military. As a civilian intelligence agency, the primary role of CSIS is not law enforcement. Investigation of criminal activity is left to the RCMP and local (provincial, regional or municipal) police agencies. CSIS, like counterparts such as the UK Security Service (MI5) and the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), is a civilian agency. CSIS

1560-695: Is no evidence of this, and is only a speculation. CSIS was named one of " Canada's Top 100 Employers " by Mediacorp Canada Inc. for the years of 2009–2011, and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine. CSIS headquarters is located in Ottawa, Ontario and is responsible for the overall operations. Regionally, Canada is broken down into six subordinate regions; the Atlantic, Quebec, Ottawa, Toronto, Prairie, and British Columbia Regions. These regions are responsible for investigating any threat to Canada and its allies as defined by

1638-635: Is not allowed by Canadian law. Mosley found that "CSIS breached its duty of candour to the Court by not disclosing information that was relevant," according to a statement by the Federal Court. CSIS has also been involved in cases where evidence has been mishandled or omitted from the Courts. In 2009, it was alleged that the service did not disclose information that their confidential informants, which CSIS had been relying on to gather information about their targets, were either deceptive, or failed lie-detector tests. This

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1716-608: Is responsible solely for the province of Quebec . Its main office is in Montreal , with one district office in Quebec City . These two regions are responsible for operations in Ontario (except for NW Ontario). There are four district offices located in Niagara Falls, Windsor, Downtown Toronto and at Toronto Pearson International Airport . Geographically, this represents the largest of

1794-632: Is subject to review by the National Security and Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA) as well as other legislative checks and balances. The agency carries out its functions in accordance with the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act , which governs and defines its powers and activities. Canadian police, military agencies ( Canadian Forces Intelligence Branch ), and numerous other government departments may maintain their own "intelligence" components (i.e. to analyze criminal intelligence or military strategic intelligence). Global Affairs Canada maintains

1872-844: Is the robotic arm on the US space shuttles, the Canadarm . There are four active astronauts in the Corps (Jeremy Hansen, David Saint-Jacques, Joshua Kutryk and Jennifer Sidey-Gibbons) and ten former astronauts, eight of whom have gone into space. Of the nine current and former Canadian astronauts who have gone into space, two are women: Julie Payette and Roberta Bondar. The CSA generally recruits astronauts who have degrees as scientists, engineers and/or medical doctors. In addition to being Canadian citizens or residents, candidates must meet certain physical standards (including height, weight, hearing and visual acuity) as well as educational requirements. As of October 2024,

1950-442: Is to provide a completely isolated environment that, according to Barton, registers a noise level that is less than 0dB. (0dB is a statistical average of the lowest level of human hearing.) Wedges made from fibreglass are inside the chamber, and they help create the reflection-free environment. No sound gets in, none gets out, and what occurs within gets completely absorbed with nary a bounce. From 2002 to 2006, John R. McDougall , who

2028-651: Is widely speculated that the CSIS uses the Smith & Wesson 5906 , the Colt Canada C8 and the Colt Canada C7A2 . CSIS Intelligence Officers (IOs) are required to complete the Intelligence Officer Entry Training (IOET) program at CSIS HQ in Ottawa, Ontario, followed by a three-year professional development program with a mandatory posting in Ottawa. Upon completion of the program, IOs may progress to

2106-407: The Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act . They liaise with the various federal, provincial, municipal and private sector entities found within their areas of responsibility. They also conduct various outreach programs with different community and cultural groups, universities, and private sector organizations in an effort to provide a better understanding, and to clear up any misunderstandings of

2184-506: The Federal Court . In the first year after its creation, CSIS was embroiled in the Air India bombing incident. There is evidence that CSIS knew of the plot three weeks before it happened, had multiple informants under surveillance, and that one of the suspects in the bombing, Surjan Singh Gill , was a CSIS informant. It was also revealed that of the 210 wiretaps recorded before and after

2262-505: The Government of Canada dedicated to science and technology research and development . It is the largest federal research and development organization in Canada. The Minister of Innovation, Science, and Economic Development (currently, François-Philippe Champagne ) is responsible for the NRC. NRC is an agency of the Government of Canada , and its mandate is set out in the National Research Council Act . Under

2340-646: The Montreal Laboratory , and later the Chalk River Laboratories in Ontario. Post-WWII, the NRC reverted to its pre-war civilian role, and a number of wartime activities were spun off to newly formed organizations. Military research continued under a new organization, the Defence Research Board , while inventions with commercial potential were transferred to the newly formed Canadian Patents and Development Limited ; and atomic research went to

2418-709: The Neilson Report , which recommended across-the-board financial cuts to all federal government organizations, including the NRC. This led to staff and program cutbacks. By 1985, however, two entities emerged from the National Research Council: the Social Science and Humanities Research Council (see SSHRC Act) and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (See NSERC Act). The emergence of these Councils, for all material reasons, took over funding from

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2496-499: The Act, the NRC is responsible for: Over 5,000 people across Canada are employed by the NRC. In addition, the NRC also employs guest workers from universities, companies, and public and private-sector organizations. The National Research Council was established in 1916, under the pressure of World War I , to advise the government on matters of science and industrial research. In 1932, laboratories were built on Sussex Drive in Ottawa and

2574-509: The Air India bombing. Testifying before the same committee two days later, the director of CSIS, Jim Judd said that O'Brian "may have been confused" and "venturing into a hypothetical", and would send the committee a clarifying letter. Two weeks later CSIS announced that Judd would be retiring in June, five months before the end of his five-year term. Prominent Canadian national security lawyer Barbara Jackman has also been critical, categorizing

2652-687: The CIA. As Canada's contributor of human intelligence to the Five Eyes , CSIS works closely with the intelligence agencies of the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. Under the post-World War II Quadripartite (UKUSA) Agreement , intelligence information is shared between the intelligence agencies of these five countries. It is widely speculated that CSIS employees similar to Security Intelligence Officers are posted at Canadian Embassies abroad in order to collect foreign intelligence. However, there

2730-432: The Canadian press have dropped 80 per cent. The union that represents federal scientists and other professionals has, for the first time in its history, abandoned neutrality to campaign against Mr. Harper. The appointment by Harper's Minister of State (Science and Technology) Gary Goodyear of John McDougall as President of the NRC was followed by several controversies: In 2011, President John McDougall began to oversee

2808-524: The Cesium Beam atomic clock in the 1960s. Since 1974, Paul Barton of PSB Speakers used the NRC's world-class measurement facilities, their anechoic chamber. By the 1980s, more companies began to use this resource, develop it further, and tested their loudspeakers at the NRC. Electrical engineer, Floyd E. Toole, who worked at the NRC was at the centre of this research. By the year 2000, most companies had their own sound chambers, but Barton continued to use

2886-638: The Federal Government and is responsible for relaying that to Academic Institutions, Academic hospitals and Research Institutions under the Agreement on the Administration of Agency Grants and Awards by Research Institutions, administered by a Secretariat (on the Responsible Conduct of Research). In 2000, there were about 1000 NRC researchers with PhDs conducting research in many areas. Recovery

2964-578: The Front's leading organizers, including helping to organize actions, recruit members, bring speakers to Canada (such as Tom Metzger ), and offer training to Front activists. When the story became public knowledge, the press aired concerns that he had not only been one of the founders of the Heritage Front group, but that he had also channelled CSIS funding to the group. In 1997, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police collaborated with CSIS on Project Sidewinder ,

3042-536: The International Space Station (ISS) for a six-month stay, thus becoming the first Canadian to stay aboard the ISS for an extended period. On Decemder 1, 2009, after spending 188 days in space, Robert Thirsk returned to Earth aboard a Soyuz spacecraft. Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield , the first Canadian Commander of the ISS, would go on to achieve worldwide fame in 2013 for releasing a music video he recorded on

3120-507: The International Space Station of his version of David Bowie's song " Space Oddity ". Astronaut Julie Payette would go on to serve as the Governor General of Canada , and Garneau would become Minister of Foreign Affairs . The Astronauts Corps is one of seven main divisions within the CSA. In addition to its Astronaut Corps, one of the most prominent contributions of Canada to space exploration

3198-547: The Medical Research Committee was formed with Dr. Frederick Banting as the inaugural Chair. With the impetus of World War II , the NRC grew rapidly and for all practical purposes, became a military science and weapons research organization. It undertook a number of important projects, which included participation with the United States and United Kingdom , in the development of chemical and germ warfare agents,

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3276-547: The NRC had over 30 approved programs, including the following. The following are the NRC's various research centres and their areas of R&D: Former facilities: The goal of the Algal Carbon Conversion Pilot Program was to develop of an algae system to recycle carbon emissions from the oil sands . It contained plans for a $ 19-million facility to be constructed in Alberta, in partnership between

3354-667: The NRC intended to shorten the gap between early stage research and development and commercialization. During his tenure as president, there was a drop in research publications and new patents from the NRC as the scientific staff was cut significantly. An article published in April 2016 and based on information from the office of the Minister of Science gave the following figures for the period 2011–2015: Canadian Security Intelligence Service The Canadian Security Intelligence Service ( CSIS , / ˈ s iː s ɪ s / ; French : Service canadien du renseignement de sécurité , SCRS )

3432-424: The NRC to hire a young graphics design graduate to work on their "CUROS" people management software. Oasys Healthcare, a company that provides "innovative audio and video solutions for the medical marketplace" received a $ 13,000 NRC grant for its new technology for operating rooms. Jeffrey Ross Jewellery's product called Dimples, imprints fingerprints in silver using an innovative process and material, developed through

3510-666: The NRC were handed over to the newly formed Medical Research Council of Canada . By 1960, the Medical Research Committee had separated from the National Research Council, forming the Medical Research Council of Canada (which dissolved upon the creation of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research [ and the initial withdrawal from the National Reserve in 1997 (see Budget Implementation Act 1997), which

3588-509: The NRC's facilities. In about 1990, PSB and other Canadian companies worked with the NRC on Athena to evaluate digital signal processing (DSP) for loudspeaker design. The metal walls of the NRC’s anechoic chamber are located about a foot and a half from the internal walls that surround it. The whole chamber is suspended on springs. This makes it a building within the M-37 building. The purpose of all this

3666-430: The NRC, Canadian Natural Resources , and Pond Biofuels. In 2008, researchers from five I-CAN organizations were developing a Carbon Algae Recycling System (CARS) to "feed waste heat and flue gas containing CO 2 from industrial exhaust stacks to micro-algae growing in artificial ponds." The "Algal Carbon Conversion", is related to prior interests of NRC President John McDougall , as he previously headed Innoventures,

3744-638: The Parliament in 2019, the oversight and reporting regime for CSIS was overhauled. The previous agency that handled all oversight of CSIS, the Security Intelligence Review Committee (SIRC) was replaced by a new agency, the National Security & Intelligence Review Agency (NSIRA), which now includes oversight of all national security and intelligence activities undertaken by any agency of the Government of Canada. The reforms also included

3822-540: The Parliament of Canada passed the Countering Foreign Interference Act , which amended the Canadian Security Intelligence Service Act to give CSIS powers to investigate potential foreign interference in the Canadian political system. The leadership position is mostly a political appointment. Coulombe and Yaworski were promoted from the ranks within CSIS. Vigneault had held a management posting with CSIS. Neufeld had joined CSIS in 1984 after being in

3900-586: The RCMP to the US government. Arar was held by the Syrians for one year and was tortured. The sole criticism of CSIS leveled by the commission was that the agency should do more to critically examine information provided by regimes which practice torture . On March 31, 2009, CSIS lawyer and advisor Geoffrey O'Brian told the Committee on Public Safety and National Security that CSIS would use information obtained by torture if it could prevent another attack such as 9/11 or

3978-497: The RCMP. Finn was previously assistant secretary to the federal cabinet for security and intelligence matters in the 1970s. Neufeld (RCMP) and Vigneault (CBSA, CSE) have law enforcement backgrounds. *Deputy director Jeffrey Yaworski briefly served as interim director for a few weeks following Coulombe's departure, but the agency considers Vigneault to be its ninth director. CSIS is one of several federal agencies (primarily those involved with law enforcement, security, or having

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4056-574: The bombing, 156 were erased by CSIS. The scandal contributed to the resignation of CSIS' first director, Ted Finn . Crown prosecutor James Jardine expressed frustration with CSIS to the Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182 , headed by Justice John C. Major. Two Canadian courts have publicly criticized CSIS for destroying wiretap evidence. One court commented on

4134-429: The corps has four active astronauts, three men and one woman. Only one has previously flown to space and two have assignments to future missions. Missions in italics are scheduled and subject to change. There are ten former CSA astronauts. National Research Council of Canada The National Research Council Canada ( NRC ; French : Conseil national de recherches Canada ) is the primary national agency of

4212-502: The creation of a new Intelligence Commissioner who reports to Parliament and has quasi-judicial oversight of all national security matters. National Security and Intelligence Committee of Parliamentarians (NSICOP) is the primary oversight committee in regards to Canadian Intelligence. The committee performs strategic and systematic reviews of the legislative, regulatory, policy, expenditure and administrative frameworks under which national security activities are conducted. The committee

4290-420: The direction of Thomas D'Arcy Finn . At first, the main emphasis of CSIS was combating the activities of various foreign intelligence agencies operating in Canada. For example, it has been engaged in investigating economic espionage involving Chinese operations throughout Canada. While the threat posed by foreign intelligence agencies still remains, CSIS over the years since 9/11 has focused more and more on

4368-614: The explosive RDX , the proximity fuse, radar , and submarine detection techniques. A special branch, known as the Examination Unit, was involved with cryptology and the interception of enemy radio communications. According to the Canadian Security Intelligence Service website, the NRC headquarters in Ottawa "was a prime espionage target" during the Cold War . The NRC was also engaged in atomic fission research at

4446-648: The facility was started as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and Canada's inability to produce COVID-19 Vaccines. The facility is expected to open in July 2021, and will have a vaccine manufacturing capacity of 2 million does per month. In February 2021, the Canadian government has signed a memorandum of understanding with Novavax to pursue manufacturing its NVX-CoV2373 vaccine at the Biologics Manufacturing Centre. In September 2020, President Iain Stewart

4524-432: The importance of wiretap evidence from CSIS in establishing guilt. The second focused on its exculpatory value. From 1988-1994, CSIS contracted a private investigator to act as an undercover agent. The agent, Grant Bristow , built relationships with far-right activists and white supremacists involved in the Nationalist Party of Canada , before breaking off with them to form the Heritage Front . Bristow would act as one of

4602-538: The investigator role and may be relocated to other offices. Intelligence Officers are put on probation for at least a year upon completion of the IOET. Foreign language training is also available for Intelligence Officers. The RAP was reorganized in 1996–1997 in order to better coordinate with the Intelligence Assessment Secretariat of the Privy Council Office . It has four sub-divisions: Counter Intelligence, Foreign Intelligence, Counter-terrorism and Distribution. As part of an omnibus national security bill passed by

4680-627: The majority of the NRC's intellectual property management, patenting, and business development activities conducted at the various NRC's research centres in Canada. The transformation of the NRC into a research and technology organization that focuses on "business-led research" was part of the Harper government's Economic Action Plan . On 7 May 2013, the NRC launched its new "business approach" in which it offered four business lines: strategic research and development, technical services, management of science and technology infrastructure and NRC-Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP). With these services,

4758-421: The newly created Atomic Energy of Canada Limited . Foreign signals intelligence gathering officially remained with the agency when, by Order in Council, the Examination Unit became the Communications Branch of the NRC in 1946. The CBNRC was transferred to the Department of National Defence in 1975, and renamed the Communications Security Establishment . During the 1950s, the medical research funding activities of

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4836-455: The previous federal Minister of State (Science and Technology) , Gary Goodyear , the NRC became in the words of one wag a "toolbox for industry" and dented basic-research infrastructure. In August 2020 under Minister of Innovation, Science and Industry Navdeep Bains and President Iain Stewart, the NRC announced it was building the Biologics Manufacturing Centre , a facility that can produce vaccines and other biologics. The construction of

4914-515: The progress in development was at the cost of the environment. In 2012, the federal government moved "to defund government research centres in the High Arctic." In the same year National Research Council environmental scientists "were barred from discussing their work on snowfall with the media. "Scientists for the governmental agency Environment Canada, under threat of losing their jobs, were banned from discussing their research without political approval. Mentions of federal climate change research in

4992-441: The role of CSIS. All these regions also border the US and they therefore maintain contact with their US federal counterparts. The Atlantic Region encompasses the four Atlantic provinces ( Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , Newfoundland and Labrador , and Prince Edward Island ) and is the smallest of the six CSIS regions. Its main office is located in Halifax , with two district offices in Fredericton and St. John's . This region

5070-411: The six regions and encompasses the area of Ontario north and west of Thunder Bay , Manitoba , Saskatchewan , Alberta and the three northern territories of Yukon , Northwest Territories and Nunavut . The regional office is located in Edmonton with three district offices located in Winnipeg , Regina and Calgary . This region is responsible for the province of British Columbia. Its main office

5148-439: The tenure of Prime Minister Stephen Harper , Canadian Government research organizations began to restrict the ability of government scientists to communicate with the public. This includes restricting scientists within the NRC to communicate with the public through non-scientist communications personnel. Harper's focus as an economist was on his action plan: creating jobs and building the economy. There were widespread concerns that

5226-502: The threat to Canadian security and its citizens posed by terrorist activity, and this has led to the memorable cases of Maher Arar and Omar Khadr . The institutional focus of CSIS returned to state actors (such as Russia and China) after a February 2021 speech by the CSIS director, David Vigneault, who warned that the Chinese "strategy for geopolitical advantage on all fronts — economic, technological, political and military" uses "all elements of state power to carry out activities that are

5304-400: Was appointed President of the NRC by the Stephen Harper Government Around June 2014, the NRC was reportedly penetrated by Chinese state-sponsored hackers. The tenure of John McDougall as President of the NRC (2010–2016) was marked by a number of controversies. His presidency was characterized by a dramatic drop in publications and patents, by significant cuts in scientific staff, and by

5382-408: Was appointed President of the NRC in 2010, was a member of the NRC-IRAP Advisory Board. In 2011, Bev Oda , the Minister of International Cooperation , and Gary Goodyear , Minister of State (Science and Technology) , announced the grant recipients. These included small to medium-sized businesses, such as, Nortek Solutions a privately owned Canadian software company. They received a $ 30,000 grant from

5460-406: Was appointed in 1977 to investigate the activities of the RCMP Security Service. The resulting investigation, known as the McDonald Commission , published its final report in 1981, with its main recommendation being that security intelligence work should be separated from policing, and that a civilian intelligence agency be created to take over from the RCMP Security Service. On June 21, 1984, CSIS

5538-423: Was created by an Act of Parliament . At the time, it was also decided that the activities of this new agency, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, should be subject to both judicial approval for warrants and to general review by a new body, the Security Intelligence Review Committee , as well as the office of the Inspector General (which was disbanded in 2012). Its de facto existence began on July 16 under

5616-551: Was going on personal leave. During this time Maria Aubrey, Vice President of the NRC, filled the role as Acting President. Effective August 24, 2016, Iain Stewart became the new President of the NRC. The details regarding McDougall's personal leave were not publicly disclosed. Under Minister of Science Kirsty Duncan , the Trudeau government changed the focus of the NRC, to develop partnerships with private and public-sector technology companies, both nationally and internationally. Under

5694-469: Was introduced in the 1950s to support product developments in small to medium-sized businesses. The NRC provides grants and financial support to business' looking to bring new and innovative technologies to the market. Some of the many innovations by NRC personnel included the artificial pacemaker , development of canola (rapeseed) in the 1940s, the Crash Position Indicator in the 1950s, and

5772-543: Was invested for three years and became life, along with CIHR in 2000 (see CIHR Act). On 1 May 1978, with the rapid post-war growth of Canadian universities, the NRC's role in university research funding in the natural sciences was passed under the GOSA Act to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada . Under financial pressure in the 1980s, the federal government produced what popularly became known as

5850-520: Was not an isolated case, and in several other instances, the agency mishandling of evidence has also called for investigation. On September 18, 2006, the Arar Commission absolved CSIS of any involvement in the extraordinary rendition by the United States of a Canadian citizen, Maher Arar . The commission found that US authorities sent Arar to Jordan and then Syria (his country of birth) based on incorrect information which had been provided by

5928-476: Was only allowed to collect this intelligence within Canada but due to an updated law in 2016 they are now allowed to collect that intelligence abroad as well. CSIS has served in many different countries, especially after 9/11. Examples of some of the countries they have served in are: Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Mali, Libya, Sudan, Pakistan, Somalia, Qatar, Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates. CSIS

6006-594: Was shuffled to the troubled Public Health Agency of Canada , and in December 2020 Bains named Mitch Davies to fill the vacancy. In October 2021, Iain Stewart returned to his position as President of the National Research Council. In January 2024, Mitch Davies was appointed as President of the National Research Council following the retirement of Iain Stewart. Divisions of the NRC include: Areas of research and development at NRC include: At one point in January 2018

6084-593: Was slow, but the NRC has managed to regain its status as Canada's single most important scientific and engineering research institution among many other Canadian government scientific research organizations . As President of the National Research Council Canada, chemist Arthur Carty revitalized the organization. In 2004, he left the NRC when then prime minister Paul Martin appointed him as independent, non-partisan advisor on science and technology. In April 2010 Mr. John McDougal of Edmonton, Alberta

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