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78-487: As of February 10, 2023, there are 97,253 people registered to vote with Green party-preference, 0.44%, the sixth-largest. As of January 2022, there are twenty-nine California Green elected officials, including two elected-mayors and three in municipal councils . On February 4, 1990 Greens gathered at California State University, Sacramento , authored bylaws, founded the GPCA, and started a voter registration drive. The GPCA adopted

156-472: A Group Representation Constituency (GRC), a Single Member Constituency (SMC), or a collection of neighbouring GRCs and SMCs controlled by the same political party. The Members of Parliament head the town councils of their constituencies. Town councils boundaries do not correspond to new town boundaries; different parts of the same HDB town may be managed by different town councils. In the Republic of China ,

234-595: A Single Payer Universal Health Care solution for California, and if given the opportunity, says that she would gladly sign SB 840 (the Single Payer bill introduced by State Senator Sheila Kuehl) into law. Wells also supports the use of clean, sustainable , local energy, including publicly owned utilities, Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) and localized (distributed) electricity generation, instead of nuclear power or carbon sequestration . Wells also opposes government bailouts of large corporations and banks and proposes

312-675: A Chief Executive Officer or Secretary of the Municipality who is responsible for the day-to-day administration. In cities Municipal Corporation acts as the governing body. Municipal councils are parliamentary bodies established in local authorities in accordance with Article 93 of the Constitution of Japan and Article 89 of the Local Autonomy Act , etc. The Yokohama and Osaka City Councils are examples. The Municipal Council in Moldova

390-651: A City by the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 such as Glasgow City Council . The three cities which are not council areas have no city council. In Wales , where the lowest tier of local government is known as a community , the Community Council may unilaterally declare itself to be a Town Council, but this has the same status as a Community Council. A city council may be: City councils and town boards generally consist of several (usually somewhere between 5 and 51) elected aldermen or councillors . In

468-511: A January 2010 interview with The Sacramento Bee discussing her views on taxes and the budget in California, Wells stated: The two parties, the Democrat and Republican parties, do not address the root causes of the problem," Wells said. "That's off the table for them. ... To get what we want and to have the revenue that pays for it we need to have a budget that makes sense. Wells has also addressed

546-449: A letter urging voters to vote for none of the above instead of him. The party did not have candidates for the presidential, nor the senatorial races. Party registrations were down to 91,342 people on October 4, 1993. They must have still been at least 78,992 people on January 4, 1994, for the party was qualified for the June 7, 1994 primary elections. The 1994 gubernatorial general election was

624-555: A multitude of much smaller city councils. Also, some significant urban areas can be under the jurisdiction of otherwise rural local governments. Periodic re-alignments of boundaries attempt to rationalize these situations and adjust the deployment of assets and resources. There are currently seven town councils in Belize . Each town council consists of a mayor and a number of councillors, who are directly elected in municipal elections every three years. Town councils in Belize are responsible for

702-623: A municipal council represents a special municipality or a provincial city . Members of the councils are elected through municipal elections held every four–five years. Councils for the special municipalities in Taiwan are Taipei City Council , New Taipei City Council , Taichung City Council , Tainan City Council , Kaohsiung City Council and Taoyuan City Council . Councils for the provincial cities in Taiwan are Chiayi City Council , Hsinchu City Council , and Keelung City Council . In Ukraine , almost all cities have their City Councils, and

780-691: A musician and graduate of the University of California at Santa Cruz . Wells is engaged to Charles Goodwin, a former probation counselor in the juvenile division. Wells has served in numerous county and state-level leadership positions in the Green Party of California since she registered with the Green Party in 1992. She was a founding member of the Green Party County Council in Alameda County (1992–94; 2002–04) and co-founder and managing editor of

858-495: A range of functions, including street maintenance and lighting, drainage, refuse collection, public cemeteries, infrastructure, parks and playgrounds. Township councils in Ontario play a similar role as city councils in cities for smaller or low tier municipalities. Directly elected every four years, the number of councillors vary depending on the size of their municipalities. The councillors' powers and responsibilities are governed by

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936-441: A range of volunteer and professional capacities for community and labor organizations, including Pesticide Action Network (North America), Women's Economic Agenda Project, and SEIU United Healthcare Workers (West). She co-founded Green Focus, a party newspaper. In January 2010, Laura Wells announced her candidacy for governor of California in the 2010 election . Wells won the Green Party primary on June 8, 2010 with over 78% of

1014-470: A similar but separate form of legislature called " Sangguniang Panlungsod " (literally "city council"). The Local Government Code of 1991 established the current local government structure, including municipal councils. City councils range from 12, in most cities, to 38 members, such as the Manila City Council . Members of city councils are called "councilors". The Local Government Act 2001 restyled

1092-501: A similar registration drop-off. The lowest point for the GPCA was around California’s primary elections in June, and by the end of the general election, the GPCA’s registrations rose back to 94,647 people, and the PFP rose back to original levels, also. Jill Stein 2016 campaign staffer Bruce Dixon hypothesized that Sanders “aims to tie up activist energies and resources till the summer of 2016 when

1170-650: A town council. If another type of local council, such as a district authority, covers a single town (such as Luton or Stevenage ) then the council is often a 'borough council': borough status is however conferred at the discretion of the Crown . There is also the London assembly which is City council by default Civil parishes are the most local level in the local government system. The higher levels are district , unitary and county . However town councils are not subordinate in democratic accountability to those higher levels, but to

1248-444: A winning 53% of the potential votes, and No Nominee, the runner up option, received 40%. In that vote, the GPCA delegation gave to No Nominee 68.2% of its votes and to Cobb 26.5%. In the California general election, Cobb received 40,771 votes, and Ralph Nader , the party-independent write-in candidate that Camejo was running mate to, received 20,714 votes. In the GPCA primary of the 2008 presidential election , Ralph Nader received

1326-584: A winning 60.7%, and Cynthia McKinney , the runner-up, received 26.6%. At the GNC , Nader did not seek the GPUS presidential nomination and, in the presidential nomination election, McKinney received a winning 59.59% of the potential votes, and Nader, as runner up, received 14.48%. In the California general election, McKinney received 38,774 votes, and Nader, on the Peace and Freedom Party (PFP) ballot line, received 108,381 votes. In

1404-462: Is generally only those local government areas which have been specifically granted city status (usually on a basis of population) that are entitled to refer to themselves as cities. The official title is "Corporation of the City of ______" or similar. Some of the urban areas of Australia are governed mostly by a single entity (e.g. Brisbane and other Queensland cities), while others may be controlled by

1482-408: Is led by a mayor ( ordfører ) and is divided into an executive council ( formannskap ) and a number of committees, each responsible for a subsection of tasks. It is not uncommon for some members of the council to sit in the county councils too, but very rare that they also hold legislative ( Storting ) or Government office, without leave of absence . The municipal council dates back to 1837 with

1560-413: Is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area . Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council , town council , town board , community council , rural council , village council , or board of aldermen . Because of the differences in legislation between the states , the exact definition of a city council varies. However, it

1638-555: Is the governing body in five municipalities: Chișinău , Bălți , Tiraspol and Bendery (also known as Tighina or Bender ). The Municipal Council ( Moldovan language : Consiliul municipal ) serves as a consultative body with some powers of general policy determination. It is composed of a legally determined number of counsellors (for example 35 in Bălți) elected every four years, representing political parties and independent counsellors. Once elected, counsellors may form fractions inside of

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1716-526: The Municipal Act of Ontario. Manitoba town council members serve primarily as a policy and direction board for the community. They consist of five to seven members with the head of council being the mayor or reeve . Municipal councils exist in the People's Republic of China , these are designated as Municipal People's Congress in many sub-provincial cities and direct-administered municipalities such as

1794-496: The 2018 US House elections saw three Green Party candidates advance to the general elections. Laura Wells ran in the House district CA-13 election , advanced from a six-candidate primary, and received 34,257 votes in the general election, 11.6%. Kenneth Mejia ran in the House district CA-34 election , advanced from a three-candidate primary, and received 41,711 votes in the general election, 27.5%. And Rodolfo Cortes-Barragan ran in

1872-485: The GPUS . The GPCA elects delegates to the Green National Convention (GNC) proportionally , rejecting the feature of artificial disproportionality resulting from, in examples, the general ticket or district elections . The party’s most recent general assembly was held by video teleconference on November 12, 2022. As of January 13, 2023, Laura Wells and David Cobb are the party’s official spokespeople;

1950-505: The House district CA-40 election , advanced from the primary, and received 27,511 votes in the general election, 22.7%. Each faced off against California Democratic Party (CDP) incumbent opponents in the general elections. In 2020, Margaret Villa became the fourth Green candidate to advance from a top-two primary when she ran in the California State Assembly District 58 election , and she then received 41,100 votes in

2028-484: The Local Government Commission in 1989 when approximately 700 councils and special purpose bodies were amalgamated to create 87 new local authorities. As a result, the term "city" began to take on two meanings. The word "city" came to be used in a less formal sense to describe major urban areas independent of local body boundaries. Gisborne , for example, adamantly described itself as the first city in

2106-548: The Shanghai Municipal People's Congress . In spite of enormous differences in populations, each of the communes of the French Republic possesses a mayor ( French : maire ) and a municipal council ( French : conseil municipal ), which manage the commune from the mairie ( city hall ), with exactly the same powers no matter the size of the commune and council. The one exception is the city of Paris, where

2184-520: The constituencies and district boards . Both of the Municipal Councils in Hong Kong are now defunct. In India,a Municipal council is the legislative and decision making body of a municipality. A municipality is the local government for a smaller urban area, known as municipal area. The entire district under the Municipality is divided into smaller legislative units known as a ward. The people of

2262-619: The Board. The Board was reconstituted in 1935 and hence renamed as Urban Council in the following year after the government had passed the Urban Council Ordinance. Democratisation had been implemented, allowing universal suffrage to happen throughout its development. Two years after the Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong , the council was disbanded in 1999 by the then Chief Executive of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region . All members of

2340-484: The GPCA primary of the 1996 presidential election , Ralph Nader went unopposed. Nader did not receive the Greens/Green Party USA nomination, though, at Green Gathering ’96, delegates from many states stated support for Nader. In the California general election, Nader received 237,016 votes. In the GPCA primary of the 2000 presidential election , results were affected by California’s blanket primary which

2418-410: The GPCA primary of the 2004 presidential election , Peter Camejo received a winning 75.7%, and David Cobb , the runner-up, received 11.5%. At the GNC , in the presidential nomination election, none of the options received majority support in the first round and, then, Camejo was eliminated because he didn’t give written indication that he would accept the nomination. In the second round, Cobb received

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2496-470: The GPCA primary of the 2012 presidential election , Jill Stein received a winning 49.4%, and Roseanne Barr , the runner-up, received 39.8%. At the GNC , in the presidential nomination election, Stein received a winning 66.96% of the potential votes, and Barr, as runner up, received 24.91%. In the California general election, Stein received 85,638 votes, and Barr, on the PFP ballot line, received 53,824 votes. In

2574-408: The GPCA primary of the 2016 presidential election , Jill Stein received a winning 76.2%, and Darryl Cherney , the runner-up, received 10%. At the GNC , in the presidential nomination election, Stein received a winning 82% of the potential votes, and William Kreml, the runner up, received 6%. In the California general election, Stein received 278,657 votes, more than tripling her 2012 vote. Stein did

2652-448: The GPCA would have lost its qualification. In 1995, GPCA leaders, including Mike Feinstein , offered Ralph Nader the party’s qualification, which Nader accepted, to become the first person to use the GPCA’s qualification in a presidential election. Margaret Garcia criticized this, saying “How ironic that a party espousing ‘future focus’ and long term planning is using Nader as a quick fix for our dwindling numbers.” The GPCA finally met

2730-473: The GPCA, together with the PFP , undertook a cooperative ballot-access strategy in continuation of the Howie Hawkins 2020 presidential campaign’s attempt for “left unity”, consisting of endorsing an inter-party slate. A success, Greens met the threshold in the four races that the slate endorsed Greens. Luis J. Rodriguez was the slate’s gubernatorial candidate, and Heather Collins, another Green, deviated from

2808-482: The GPCA’s structure of party membership being inclusive of California residents who are disenfranchised by the state in California or the US , party decisions being determined by general assemblies , limiting the role of its coordinating committees, entrusting its power to autonomous Green parties, composing coordinating committees through yearly, staggered-term elections of six women and six of any gender, and affiliating with

2886-767: The Municipal Council. Last regional elections of local public administration held in Bălți in June 2007, brought to the power the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova (PCRM), which holds 21 mandates, 11 mandates are held by representatives of other parties, and 3 mandates by independents. There are two fractions in the Municipal Council: PCRM fraction (21 counsellors) and "Meleag" fraction (3 independent counsellors and 4 representatives of different parties). The Mayor of

2964-637: The November 2018 election and the Green Party in the 2010 governor's race in California . She supports making significant changes to Proposition 13 and to the current super-majority voting rule in the Sacramento legislature. In 2002 she garnered nearly a half million votes in her run for California state controller. At the last 2010 gubernatorial debate in California, which excluded all third party candidates, Wells

3042-696: The Oakland City Council voted to adopt IRV for its mayoral and council elections. In 2002 and 2006, Wells ran campaigns for state controller , receiving 419,873 votes in 2002, the most ever for a Green Party candidate in a statewide partisan race in California. In 2009, Wells appeared on the Fox News program "Your World" several times to discuss tax fairness in California. Wells has also participated in ten international delegations to Canada and South America to study innovations in participatory democracy and new constitutions , and has broadly worked in

3120-575: The US Supreme Court shortly after ruled unconstitutional in California Democratic Party v. Jones . Ralph Nader received a winning 94.4%, and Joel Kovel , the runner-up, received 5.6%. At the GNC , in the presidential nomination election, Nader received a winning 92.5% of the potential votes, and Jello Biafra and Stephen Gaskin , the runners up, received 3.1% each. In the California general election, Nader received 418,707 votes. In

3198-564: The United States, members of city councils are typically called council member , council man , council woman , councilman , or councilwoman , while in Canada they are typically called councillor . Laura Wells Laura Wells (born January 2, 1948) is an American political activist, perennial candidate , and financial and business analyst. She is a former candidate for U.S. Representative for California's 13th congressional district in

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3276-489: The bulk of the "tax relief" goes places the voters never intended--giant corporations. Corporate properties are rarely re-assessed since corporations don't die and seldom sell. Wells also favored lowering the margin needed to pass a budget and raise taxes in the state from two-thirds to a simple majority . She supported increasing funding for education, and the use of a 'split-roll tax' to keep cap residential property taxes while allowing higher property taxes for businesses. In

3354-487: The city police is in the hands of the central state , not in the hands of the mayor of Paris. This uniformity of status is a clear legacy of the French Revolution, which wanted to do away with the local idiosyncrasies and tremendous differences of status that existed in the kingdom of France. The size of a commune still matters, however, in two domains: French law determines the size of the municipal council according to

3432-720: The common areas of Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats and estates, such as the common corridors, void decks , lifts, water tanks, external lighting and the open spaces surrounding the estates. They are regulated under the Town Councils Act ;( Cap. 329A, 2000 Rev. Ed. ). The rationale was to delegate the duties of estate management to the members of parliament in addition to their existing responsibilities. They would also gain management experience and be accountable to their district's resident voters. Town councils boundaries are drawn based on electoral districts boundaries. A town council area can consist of

3510-599: The council were elected through universal suffrage by the time of the dissolution. The counterpart of the Municipal Council serving the New Territories (excluding New Kowloon ) was the Regional Council established as the Provisional Regional Council in 1986. The functional select committees, district committees, and sub-committees constituted the entire Regional Council. All members were elected from

3588-438: The creation of a State Bank for California which could partner with local banks and credit unions, and potentially improve their ability to lend. Other Green Party candidates, such as the 2010 Illinois gubernatorial candidate Rich Whitney, also support a State Bank proposal. Wells has been endorsed by San Francisco for Democracy and numerous elected officials, described at her campaign website. On October 12, 2010, Laura Wells

3666-605: The creation of the Formannskabsdistrikt . In cities, the council is often called a city council ( bystyre ). The Palestinian National Authority established village councils to serve as local administrations and service providers for Palestinian villages and small towns. Village councils are also referred to as D-level municipalities. In the Philippines , all municipalities have their own municipal council, and these are officially called: " Sangguniang Bayan ". Cities have

3744-474: The difficulty that third parties have in running candidates for state elections: ... she says [the difficulty for third parties] is a result of the "locked-down" system the Democrats and Republicans have put in place. As a case in point, she said she had to pay $ 6,000 for a 300-word ballot statement when she ran for state controller in 2006, a fee she said blocks minor-party candidates from running. Wells supports

3822-499: The election code due to the consequences of Proposition 14, the California State Legislature changed the criteria by which a party could qualify for elections. The threshold to qualify based on electoral results is now based on the sum of the votes cast for all of a party’s candidates for a statewide-elected office in the preceding gubernatorial primary election. For 2022 elections of statewide executive offices,

3900-414: The electorate of their civil parish area. The chairman of a town council is entitled to be styled as "town mayor". This term contrasts with simply "mayor", which means the mayor of a borough or a city . However, this is often abbreviated simply to mayor, especially where the town was historically a borough or city, such as Lewes or Ely . In Scotland , the term ' provost ' is commonly used to designate

3978-485: The five county boroughs of Dublin , Cork , Galway , Waterford , and Limerick as cities, each with a city council, having the same status in law as county councils. The Local Government Reform Act 2014 amalgamated Limerick City Council and Limerick County Council to form Limerick City and County Council , and Waterford City Council and Waterford County Council to form Waterford City and County Council . In Singapore, town councils are in charge of maintaining

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4056-763: The general election, 25.1%. In 2022, Michael Kerr became the fifth when he ran in the US House of Representatives District CA-10 election , and he then received 52,965 votes in the general election, 21.1%. The GPCA espouses green politics and the Ten Key Values of ecological wisdom , grassroots democracy , social justice , nonviolence , decentralization , community-based economics , feminism , respect for diversity , personal and global responsibility , and sustainability . The key values of social justice, grassroots democracy, decentralization, respect for diversity, feminism, and personal and global responsibility influence

4134-437: The general elections from political parties, limiting access to the two candidates that received the most votes in a nonpartisan blanket primary , for California offices, i.e. not for the presidential race, nor local races. The proposition passed, faced court challenges, and survived those. After Proposition 14’s implementation, three election cycles concluded without any Green candidates advancing from “top-two” primaries. Then,

4212-435: The government department Local Government New Zealand . For many decades until the local government reforms of 1989, a borough with more than 20,000 people could be proclaimed a city . The boundaries of councils tended to follow the edge of the built-up area, so little distinction was made between the urban area and the local government area. New Zealand's local government structural arrangements were significantly reformed by

4290-650: The last mayor elections in Chișinău . In the Netherlands, the municipal council (Dutch: gemeenteraad ) is the elected assembly of the municipality. It consists of between 9 and 45 members (as determined by law) who are elected by the citizens once every four years. The council's main tasks are setting the city's policies and overseeing the execution of those policies by the municipality's executive board . Local councils in New Zealand do vary in structure, but are overseen by

4368-438: The leader of the town council. Historically the term 'town council' was used for the governing body of a municipal borough until the 1972 Act . A city council may be: Belfast City Council is now the only city council. Since the local government reforms of 2015 the other four cities form parts of wider districts and do not have their own councils. A city council is the council of one of four council areas designated

4446-458: The leaf-G logo which cartoonist Harry Driggs designed for the Green Party of San Francisco in the 1980s and which represents the letter G of the party name as a leaf. On January 2, 1990, a month before foundation, Kent Smith sent notice to the secretary of state that the GPCA intends to qualify for the June 2, 1992 primary elections. At that time, there were 420 people registered to vote with Green preference and, to obtain this qualification,

4524-587: The mayors (usually elected by people) are the chairmen of them (e.g.: Kyiv City Council , Kharkiv City Council , Odesa City Council , Lviv City Council , Chernihiv City Council ). In the United Kingdom, not all cities have city councils, and the status and functions of city councils vary. In England , since the Local Government Act 1972 , "town council" is the specific name given to a civil parish council which has declared itself by resolution to be

4602-528: The municipality is elected for four years. In Bălți, Vasile Panciuc (PCRM) is the incumbent from 2001 and was re-elected twice: in 2003 during the anticipated elections (as a result of a new reform of the administrative division in Moldova in 2003), and in 2007. In Chișinău, the last mayor elections had to be repeated three times, because of the low rate of participation. As a result, Dorin Chirtoacă (Liberal Party), won

4680-760: The national Green Party newspaper, Green Focus (2002–2004). In 2006, Wells served on the executive committee of the "IRV for Oakland" ( Instant Runoff Voting ) campaign while running for state controller. IRV is a voting system in which voters rank candidates in order of preference, rather than selecting only one candidate, a method which eliminates the so-called spoiler effect in elections. Wells helped garner support for IRV from U.S. Representative Barbara Lee of Oakland and other local representatives of most political parties in Oakland, including Greens, Libertarians, Peace and Freedom, Republicans, and Democrats. In November 2006, IRV achieved 69% voter approval. On January 5, 2010,

4758-478: The only remaining choice will be the usual lesser of two evils.” Dixon determined that Sanders was acting as a sheepdog candidate in favor of party politics within certain parties, the DPUSA in this case, despite the parties being opposed to the candidate’s cause, and that dissuades people from politics outside of those parties. These directives result in a lack of parties and electoral wins of candidates that would advance

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4836-499: The party has the highest percentages of the county’s registrations are Humboldt (1.68%), Mendocino (1.51%), and Trinity counties (1.03%). During the 2016 presidential election , GPCA registrations dropped 30%, from nearly 110,000 to 77,868. Party spokesperson Mike Feinstein attributed the drop to outreach from the Sanders campaign , citing mailers sent to Greens. Thousands of California Greens decided to support Sanders’ endeavor for

4914-470: The party needed to have registrations of at least one percent of the vote in the previous gubernatorial general election, on December 31, 1991, the 154th day before the election. Following the 1990 election, this amounted to 78,992 people. For the voter registration drive, the GPCA had two full-time fundraisers and hired Joe Louis Hoffman as full-time organizer. By November 11, 1991, the party had 50,000 people registered with GPCA preference. Late that November,

4992-498: The party received financial support and was able to pay people for obtaining registrations on a per-registration basis. By 1992, the party registered over 100,000 people with GPCA preference and thereby qualified, which it since has done continuously. GPCA members used the election qualification to run for offices, each facing the none of the above vote option, and all but one advanced to the general. Roger Donaldson ran for state assembly district 53, later decided against it, and sent out

5070-452: The party’s first opportunity to earn qualification through electoral result. If the party had a candidate running for a statewide-elected office that received at least two percent of the vote, the party would maintain qualification until the next gubernatorial primary, that is if registrations stayed at least one fifteenth of one percent (0.067%) of the statewide total. The GPCA did indeed have a party member, Margaret Garcia, who received 3.8% of

5148-551: The party’s treasurer is Justin Richardson; and Jared Laiti is the GPCA liaison to the secretary of state. The GPCA has a reference page of local-Green parties at www .cagreens .org /county-parties . As of February 10, 2023, there are 97,253 people registered to vote with GPCA preference, 0.44%, the sixth-largest. The three counties in which the party has the most people registered are Los Angeles (24,829), San Diego (7,911), and Alameda counties (5,611). The counties in which

5226-632: The population of the commune; and the size of the population determines which voting process is used for the election of the municipal council. Established as the Sanitary Board in 1883, the Municipal Council in Hong Kong Island and Kowloon (including the New Kowloon ) provided municipal services to the covered regions in the then British Hong Kong . Partial elections were allowed in 1887, though merely enabling selected persons to vote for members of

5304-493: The presidential nomination of the Democratic Party of the United States of America (DPUSA) through voting, which, as there was a semi-closed election , necessitated reregistration either with CDP preference, or with no party preference (NPP), and then, requesting a crossover ballot . Gayle McLaughlin , who had won mayoral election as a Green, reregistered with NPP to vote for Sanders. The Peace and Freedom Party (PFP) saw

5382-464: The registrations requirement in September 1996, and had 95,080 people registered with Green preference on October 7. The party has met the registration requirements since. The party has also had further electoral results that could maintain the party’s qualification, in every election since first qualifying. The GPCA opposed the June 8, 2010 primary election’s Proposition 14 , which would remove access to

5460-416: The same nationwide, receiving 1,457,218 votes. In the GPCA primary of the 2020 presidential election , Howie Hawkins received a winning 36.2%, and the runner-up received 22.0%. At the GNC , in the presidential nomination election, Hawkins received a winning 58.82% of the potential votes, and the runner up received 28.57%. In the California general election, Hawkins received 81,029 votes. In 2014, to reform

5538-703: The sheepdog’s stated politics. They also result in captive constituencies that feel compelled to support candidates that they deem the lessers of two evils . Sheepdogs may advocate their strategy before exiting the electoral contest, which could occur because of disqualification, including unsuccessful primary elections, or retraction of candidacy, as was advocated by Sanders before his 2016 disqualification. As of January 2022, there are twenty-nine California Green elected officials, including two elected-mayors and three in municipal councils . As of January 2023, two municipalities have Green elected-mayors: As of January 16, 2023, three Greens serve on municipal councils: In

5616-450: The slate and also ran in that race, and only together did they receive votes to meet the threshold. Other Greens that deviated from the slate did not meet the threshold. Veronika Fimbres in the insurance commissioner election did not meet the threshold. James “Henk” Conn and Pamela Elizondo in the US senatorial election did not meet the threshold. Municipal council A municipal council

5694-449: The vote in the secretary of state election , 315,079 votes, well over the two percent threshold. 8,900,593 people voted in the 1994 general election, raising the amount of registrations that could qualify a party to 89,006 people. The GPCA did not have this amount on October 24, 1995, to qualify for the March 26, 1996 primary election in this way. Had Garcia not received the total that she did,

5772-509: The votes. Wells' campaign emphasized the California budget and tax issues, particularly Proposition 13 , passed during Jerry Brown 's tenure as governor, which she says must be changed, in part because it primarily benefits corporations over individuals. In a position paper on Proposition 13, Wells wrote: Prop. 13, in 1978, was promoted to California voters as a way to reduce taxes and to stop fixed-income seniors and others from losing their homes due to escalating property taxes. Since then,

5850-560: The ward elect a councillor known as the municipal councillor, and all such councillors together make the Council. The Council is the Legislative and decision-making unit of the Municipality. The head of the council is called a Chairperson, or President, followed by a Vice-chairperson or a Vice-president. All the meetings are conducted and presided over by the President. The state government appoints

5928-532: The world to see the new millennium. Gisborne is administered by a district council, but its status as a city is not generally disputed. Under the current law, the minimum population for a new city is 50,000. The municipal council ( Norwegian : Kommunestyre ), literally municipal board, is the highest governing body of the municipality in Norway . The municipal council sets the scope of municipal activity, takes major decisions, and delegates responsibility. The council

6006-644: Was arrested upon attempting to enter the building to watch the debate. Laura Wells was born and raised in Michigan . She earned her BA from Wayne State University in 1969, where she was a scholarship student, majored in foreign languages, and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa society . Wells earned a Masters of Education at Antioch University , and later worked in finance, business analysis and computer programming. Wells has resided in California for more than 30 years. She has one daughter, Natalia, born in Oakland, now

6084-474: Was given a ticket to watch the California gubernatorial debate at Dominican University in San Rafael by a friend of hers and used it to enter the building. Wells was initially allowed in, but upon being recognized as the Green Party gubernatorial candidate, she was approached by security and asked to surrender the ticket on the grounds that it was not issued to her, but to her friend. When she refused to surrender

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