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68-559: The stadium was opened in November 2007, according to schedule. The stadium originally had a capacity of 13,333. Work on the stadium still continues today. The stadium will have a final capacity of 33,333 once completed. Stadium owner Jorge Hank Rhon 's main reason for constructing the stadium was his wish to have a professional soccer club in the city. Because the Mexican Federation of Association Football says that teams participating in

136-490: A Feria Típica Mexicana – Typical Mexican Fair. This included curio shops, regional food, thermal baths, horse racing and boxing. The first professional race track opened in January 1916, just south of the border gate. It was almost immediately destroyed by the great " Hatfield rainmaker " flood of 1916. Rebuilt in the general area, it ran horse races until the new Agua Caliente track opened in 1929, several miles south and across

204-550: A delegado . Tijuana's climate is a semi-arid ( Köppen climate classification BSh ), with about 231 mm (9.09 in) of annual precipitation, and generally mild to warm weather year-round. It has characteristics of the Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) found to the immediate north, east, and south east, with most of the annual precipitation falling in the winter, between the months of November and March. Between November and March, storms originate from fronts entering off of

272-401: A campaign for the 2007 Baja California state election . This flared up comments from PAN politicians saying that he would be violating the state's Antichapulin ("anti- grasshopper ") law which prohibits a person of public office to "jump" from one charge to another without ending their current term. In February 2007, he requested permission to leave his post as municipal president and accept

340-519: A candidate for governor, Hank Rhon said of women “[S]e les ha bajado un poquito la inteligencia” ("Their intelligence has lowered a little"). Tijuana Tijuana is the most populous city in the state of Baja California , located on the northwestern Pacific Coast of Mexico . Tijuana is the municipal seat of the Tijuana Municipality and the hub of the Tijuana metropolitan area. It has

408-643: A close proximity to the Mexico–United States border , which is part of the San Diego–Tijuana metro area. Tijuana is the 27th largest city in the Americas and is the westernmost city in Mexico. As of 2024, the population of Tijuana has increased to 2,297,000, reflecting a growth of 1.63% since 2023. While the city was second-largest nationally with 1,810,645 inhabitants. The international metropolitan region

476-423: A different purpose on the international border. The area had been populated by ranchers, but Tijuana developed a new social economic structure which were farming and livestock grazing, plus as a transit area for prospectors. Urban settlement began in 1889, when descendants of Santiago Argüello and Augustín Olvera entered an agreement to begin developing the city of Tijuana. The date of the agreement, 11 July 1889,

544-475: A full page ad with white letters: "Jorge Hank: Why did your bodyguards assassinate me?" 'El Gato' had been a fierce critic of the Hank family. Hank Rhon is the owner of casinos and soccer teams. He is a lover of exotic animals and the father of 23 children, some of whom are named after animals. As a candidate for mayor of Tijuana in 2004, Hank said, “Mi animal preferido sigue siendo la mujer” . ("My favorite animal

612-480: A high level of violent crime related to gang violence, in part derived from the Mexican drug war and human trafficking . Homicides peaked in 2010, when 844 people were killed, compared with 355 in 2004 and 349 in the first eight months of 2011. Reportedly, the wave of violence resulted from a turf war as the administration of President Felipe Calderón weakened the local Arellano Félix cartel; violence slowed when

680-488: A large and rapidly growing population of Americans , mostly from Southern California. Many Latin Americans, notably Cubans , and Guatemalans , have made Tijuana their home. The city also has many Lebanese , Italian, French and Spanish citizens. Recently, the city has received a large influx of Haitian immigrants. The majority of Tijuana's migrant Mexican population hail from Sinaloa , Michoacán , Jalisco , Oaxaca , and

748-462: A large number of Mexican citizens relocating to Tijuana, the city's population grew from 21,971 to 65,364 between 1940 and 1950. With the decline of nightlife and tourism in the 1950s, the city restructured its tourist industry, by promoting a more family-oriented scene. Tijuana developed a greater variety of attractions and activities to offer its visitors. In 1965, the Mexican federal government launched

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816-451: A result of the drug war . There were 492 murders in 2013, a 48% increase in the homicide rate between 2012 and 2013. This was the highest number of murders since 2010. By the end of 2017, the number of murders in Tijuana increased to 1,744, which was almost double those in 2016. In 2018, OECD data recorded 2,253 homicides in Tijuana, equivalent to 129.8 per 100,000 inhabitants. In May 2022, Statista data reported Tijuana as having

884-519: Is often referred to as T.J. The land was originally inhabited by the Kumeyaay , a tribe of Yuman -speaking hunter-gatherers. Europeans arrived in 1542, when colonist Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo toured the coastline of the area, which Sebastián Vizcaíno mapped in 1602. In 1769, Juan Crespí documented more details about the area that was later called the Valley of Tijuana. Further settlement took place near

952-421: Is one of the most famous in the city and with the heaviest traffic. The investment was for a figure close to 45 million pesos, more than four million dollars. On February 8, 2005, the Hank administration inaugurated the five million pesos Center of Communication, Control, Computing and Command (C4) that included 60 high definition cameras. In order the reduce kidnappings, a problem of Tijuana for many years,

1020-466: Is recognized as the founding of the city. Tijuana saw its future in tourism from the beginning. From the late 19th century to the first few decades of the 20th century, the city attracted large numbers of Californians coming for trade and entertainment. The California land boom of the 1880s led to the first big wave of tourists, who were called "excursionists" and came looking for echoes of the famous novel Ramona by Helen Hunt Jackson . In 1911, during

1088-486: Is seldom severe and in recent years has lessened due to cleaner car engines. Frost and snow are rare phenomena in the city as temperatures are usually well above freezing. Yet, in December 1967, snow fell in the city and in January 2007 feather light snow fell in the east of the city. However, excessive amounts of snow fall have never been recorded in the city. On 14 February 2008, a winter storm caused an unusual snowfall in

1156-410: Is set to perform at the stadium on June 10, 2023. Jorge Hank Rhon Tigre Hank Jorgealberto Hank Inzunza Alejandro Amaya B Alexander Hank Jorge Hank Rhon (born January 28, 1956) is a Mexican businessman and owner of Mexico's largest sports betting company, Grupo Caliente . He served from December 2004 to February 2007 as the president of the municipality of Tijuana . He

1224-456: Is still the woman.") Hank won the mayoral race that year, beating PAN candidate Jorge Ramos by a slim margin, thus ending 15 years of PAN government in Tijuana. The most notable infrastructure improvement in Tijuana during the Hank administration was the multi-million investment on an underpass at the Alba Roja intersection, just south of the 5 y 10 intersection. The 5 y 10 intersection

1292-406: Is still under construction. The design of the project was led by the architect Héctor Troncoso-Parraga. In 2009, the stadium hosted the eight-team CONCACAF Men's Under-17 Championship. Artists such as Shakira , Daddy Yankee , Karol G , Nicky Jam , Maná , Luis Miguel , Gloria Trevi , Megadeth , Guns N' Roses , Los Bukis and Alejandro Sanz have performed at the stadium. Rauw Alejandro

1360-677: Is the fifth largest skyline in Mexico and is located in the Zona Rio and to a smaller extent, Playas de Tijuana. In the Zona Rio the buildings are concentrated on the Tijuana River, lined parallel to the river; and on the edges of the Tijuana Country Club. In Playas the high rises are currently focused on the coast. Recent construction on high rises has begun in the aforementioned areas, as buildings such as New City Residential and Grand Hotel Tijuana have been developed and taken prominent places in

1428-460: Is the son of former Mexico City mayor Carlos Hank González and Guadalupe Rhon. The Hank family has alleged links to drug trafficking . He has been accused of money laundering, murder, arrested for possession of unlicensed arms and dealing in the trade of exotic animals. Of German descent, Jorge Hank Rhon studied at the Alexander von Humboldt German College and Industrial Engineering at

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1496-558: The Cuauhtémoc Hank Foundation to give scholarships to students of all grades including studies in foreign schools. On April 20, 1988, a local newspaper columnist, Hector "El Gato" Félix Miranda was assassinated on his way to work. The gunmen turned out to be security guards at the Caliente track, and one had worked as well for Hank Rhon's father, Carlos Hank Gonzalez. To this day the independent news weekly in Tijuana, ZETA, runs

1564-464: The Federal District . Because of the diversity of Mexico and the influx of immigrants from almost every region in the country, there are no accurate estimates on ethnicity or race of the current population. The heavy influx of immigrants to the city and municipality of Tijuana has led to job creation in the form of over 700 twin-plant (maquiladora) factories, which serve as the basis of employment for

1632-572: The Mexican Revolution , revolutionaries claiming loyalty to Ricardo Flores Magón took over the city for shortly over a month. Federal troops then arrived. Assisted by the "defensores de Tijuana", they routed the revolutionaries, who fled north and were promptly arrested by the United States Army . The Panama–California Exposition of 1915 brought many visitors to the nearby California city of San Diego. Tijuana attracted these tourists with

1700-552: The Pacific Ocean . January is the wettest month of the year for the city and during this time a periodic event, similar to June Gloom , is observed created by marine layer . January is the coolest month, during which temperatures average 13.6 °C (56.5 °F). In the city April signifies the end of winter and the start of Santa Ana winds . Though the daytime highs are generally around 20 °C (68 °F), heat waves can reach up to 33 °C (91 °F). The hottest months in

1768-798: The Universidad Anáhuac in the State of Mexico . In 1980 he founded the Grupo Taos , a company that operates pet stores and amusement parks of which he is the president of the board and general director. He moved to Tijuana in 1985 to manage the Agua Caliente Racetrack and formed the Grupo Caliente which includes the dog racing track, a hotel, a mall and a network of entertainment centers in 19 states of Mexico as well as 13 countries of Central , South America and Europe. The number of employees of

1836-541: The second highest homicide rate in the world . The U.S. State Department maintains a travel advisory warning as of September 2023 relating to the city's "non-tourist areas". Incidents involving the murder or kidnapping of foreigners since the 2000s have also sparked travel fears and affected Tijuana's status among international tourists. The city's name comes from the rancho that Santiago Argüello Moraga established in 1829 on his Mexican land grant, naming it Rancho Tía Juana . The first Spanish mission referred to

1904-405: The 1880s. Today, Tijuana is a dominant manufacturing center for North America, hosting facilities of many multinational conglomerate companies. In the early 21st century, Tijuana has emerged as the medical device manufacturing capital of North America and is increasingly recognized as an important cultural Mecca for the border region of The Californias. The city is the most visited border city in

1972-484: The Border Industrialization Program to attract foreign investment. Tijuana and other border cities became attractive for foreign companies to open maquiladoras (factories), and the Tijuana economy started to diversify. Manufacturing jobs attracted workers from other parts of Mexico and the city's population grew from less than half a million in 1980 to almost 1 million in 1985. In 1972, work began on

2040-723: The Cerro de las Abejas. The city is located near the terminus of the Tijuana River and within the Tijuana River Basin. The Tijuana River is an intermittent river , 195 km (121 mi) long, on the Pacific coast of northern Baja California in Mexico and Southern California in the United States. It drains an arid area along the California–Baja California border, flowing through Mexico for most of its course and then crossing

2108-518: The First Division must have a stadium with a capacity over 15,000, Club Tijuana officially became qualified for promotion to the Primera División de México when the capacity was increased. The construction of the stadium was planned in two parts. The first part finished the ground and lower sections of the stadium. In the second phase, the stadium's capacity was increased. As of 2022, the stadium

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2176-560: The Operation Tijuana of the Federal Government only momentarily reduced serious crimes and ordinary crimes increased 40% and it was detected corruption amongst the federal forces. The operation was then extended to the five municipalities of the state and dubbed Operation Baja California , per request of the governor Eugenio Elorduy Walther . On February 20, 2007, Hank requested a license to leave his post as mayor. The license

2244-581: The United States border, as well as more moderate weather. Tijuana today is one of the fastest-growing cities in Mexico, with an average of 80,000 people moving to Tijuana yearly. In terms of area, the city grows by approximately three hectares a day, mostly east and south as the city is mostly built out to the beach already with the exception of some canyons. Along with settlements separated from Tijuana proper and other communities unimproved land, big business moves in providing supermarkets and retail to marginal areas, along with paved roads. The city experiences

2312-595: The arrival of Spanish colonists in the 16th century who were mapping the coast of the Californias . Following the division of the Californias after the American Conquest of California , Tijuana found itself located on an international border, giving rise to a new economic and political structure. The city was incorporated on 11 July 1889 as urban development began. The city has served as a major tourist destination since

2380-469: The border for the last 8 km (5 mi) of its course where it forms an estuary that empties into the ocean. The city's skyscraper history is relatively recent. Some of the first highrise building complexes constructed in the city were the twin towers of Grand Hotel Tijuana . Tijuana experienced a building boom that was brought to a halt by the Great Recession . Among buildings that succumbed to

2448-519: The candidacy for governor by the Alianza para que vivas mejor ( The Alliance So You May live better ), which was approved by his party's regidores and denied by the PAN regidores . The PAN also accused five district electoral council members of partiality toward Hank because they served as judges during his administration as president of Tijuana. The Federal Electoral Tribune rejected the complaint determining that

2516-466: The channeled Tijuana River . Housing development in the Tijuana Hills has led to eradication of many seasonal mountain streams. This lack of natural drainage makes places within the city vulnerable to landslides during the rainy season. The varied terrain of Tijuana gives the city elevation extremes that range from sea level to 790 meters (2,590 ft). As downtown Tijuana was built at the bottom of

2584-845: The city are August and September, during which temperatures average 22.0 °C (71.6 °F). Summers are by far the driest time of year since influences from the California Current and the North Pacific High suppress the formation of rainfall caused by the North American Monsoon . Tropical cyclones do impact the city from time to time, however. The most recent to do so was Hurricane Hilary in 2023, which dumped torrential that caused widespread flash floods and landslides. As in coastal Southern California, air pollution sometimes occurs during periods of temperature inversion, especially during summer and fall, but (unlike Mexico City)

2652-544: The city has improved its image before the world, standing out as a competitive city for investment. Currently, the commercial and business sector is committed to the boom in the gastronomic industry, craft beer, entertainment, and real estate, as well as medical tourism, to attract visitors and investors. Tijuana is the westernmost city in Mexico, and consequently in Latin America , and the second-largest city in northern Mexico. Located about 210 kilometers (130 mi) west of

2720-496: The city will become the second-largest in Mexico and anchor to the fourth largest metropolitan area in Mexico. The suburban sprawl observed in Tijuana leaves the downtown and beach areas relatively affluent. While the INEGI Census 2010 placed Tijuana's population at 1.3 million, only two percent more than in 2005 Census, Tijuana City Council estimates from 2010 place the population closer to two million, at 1.6 million. As of 2005

2788-533: The construction of 26,000 new settlers a year that has led to the unregulated, illegal squatter homes that takes place in the hills and valleys of ever expanding Tijuana, most of these areas are still without city services like sidewalks, paving, streetlights, and public transit. This is an ongoing process: as older and existing squatter areas are brought into the city services, more marginal areas become occupied by squatters. National Population Council (CONAPO) data has estimated that by 2030, growth rates maintaining,

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2856-432: The emigration to San Diego County has transformed the demographic and cultural character of some cities to a degree. In recent years, Tijuana has become an important city of commerce and migration for Mexico and US. In spite of the violence and border crossing issues, the city has received a large number of tourists from US, China, Japan and the south of Mexico. Thanks to the realization of cultural and business festivals,

2924-563: The end of the mission era when José María de Echeandía , governor of the Baja California and Alta California, awarded a large land grant to Santiago Argüello in 1829. This large cattle ranch, Rancho Tía Juana , covered 100 km (40 sq mi). Although "Tia Juana" means "Aunt Jane" in Spanish, the name was actually an adaptation of the word 'Tihuan' or 'Tijuán' in the Kumeyaay language,

2992-618: The first concrete channeling of the Tijuana River ; previously the river would flood across a wide plain east and southeast of downtown, inundating an area of cardboard and metal shacks called Cartolandia (“Paperland”). The project removed the shacks and added 1.8 million sq. m. of usable land, on which the Zona Río was built. With the 1981 opening of the Plaza Río Tijuana mall and the 1982 Tijuana Cultural Center (CECUT), Zona Río became

3060-519: The large majority of the city's population, 96%, adhere to the beliefs of Christianity . The denominations are further divided into followers of Catholicism – 61% – and of Protestantism – 35%. While other beliefs occupying a 4% margin in the city include Taoism (among other Asian and European religions), atheism and agnosticism is also found. Tijuana is the birthplace and base of the Tijuana Cartel . From 2007 through 2010, Tijuana experienced

3128-421: The larger Sinaloa cartel took control. During the peak years of violent crime in the city, gun battles between rival cartels, and between cartels and the police, erupted in public. In April 2008, police found 1,500 shell casings on various streets after one battle left 13 suspected drug traffickers dead. In 2009 and depending on the source, Tijuana Municipality experienced either 556 or 1,118 murders, mostly as

3196-500: The law does not have such restriction that would prevent these five lawyers from serving as judges and then as council members. On June 20, 2007, Baja California's state elections court voted 2 to 1 in favor of the validity of the so-called "anti-grasshopper law" thus cancelling Hank's bid for governor. He appealed the decision before the Federal Electoral Tribunal , which unanimously upheld his candidacy on July 7, holding

3264-523: The majority of the working-class people in northern Mexico. The high poverty level in Tijuana is attributed to the city's "magnet status" for people who have come from the poorer south of the nation and citizens from other nations seeking to escape from extreme poverty. Tijuana holds a status that provides the possibility of employment as well as higher education and the dream of crossing the border. Tijuana and Baja California in general have much stronger economies and higher incomes than other Mexican cities along

3332-428: The municipal government started a program of installing GPS devices on the cars of potential victims. In 2007, a program of road safety cameras was introduced in Tijuana that issued speeding tickets in which some drivers received up to 800 tickets issued the same day, same time, and on the same location. The Hank administration produced significant urban development but failed to significantly reduce crime In 2007,

3400-657: The name of a nearby Kumeyaay settlement and whose meaning is disputed. In 1848, as a result of the Mexican–American War with the United States, Mexico lost Alta California. While the majority of the 1,000 Hispanic families living in Alta California stayed on the American side, some moved south to Tijuana to remain inside Mexico, which was now in Baja California as the division between the Californias moved north in between San Diego and Tijuana. Because of this Tijuana gained

3468-489: The new commercial center of a modern Tijuana, and with its new boulevards with monument-filled glorietas (roundabouts), reminiscent of the grand Paseo de la Reforma in Mexico City, the city created the new image and allure of a modern, large city, rather than just a border town focused on tourism and vice. In 1994, PRI presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio was assassinated in Tijuana while making an appearance in

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3536-789: The plaza of Lomas Taurinas, a neighborhood nestled in a valley near Centro. The shooter was caught and imprisoned, but doubts remain about who the mastermind might have been. After 9/11 , tighter US border controls resulted in hours-long waits to return to the US. The number of US visitors dropped sharply due to this factor, as well as subsequent drug violence. Around 2008, thousands of Tijuana's elite bought houses in and moved to Bonita and Eastlake in Chula Vista, California , to escape violence, kidnapping and other crimes taking place during that period. An article in The Los Angeles Times reported that

3604-875: The racetrack grew from 700 to close to 6,000. During his management Tijuana has hosted the Señorita México pageant, the World Boxing title fight between Julio César Chávez and Danilo Cabrera and from 1986 to 1988 the Caribe International Classic Horserace, considered the most important in Latin America. The Racetrack also hosts the Day of the Three Wise Men, Children's Day, Mother's Day where thousands of children and their mothers receive free food, gifts and an entertainment show since 1988. Hank also created

3672-553: The radio. A singer known as "la Faraona" got shot in a love-triangle and gave birth to the myth of a beautiful lady ghost. Remnants of the Agua Caliente casino can be seen in the outdoor swimming pool and the "minarete" (actually a former incinerator chimney) nearby the southern end of Avenida Sanchez Taboada, on the grounds of what is now the Lázaro Cárdenas educational complex. A replica of the iconic bell tower (which once stood at

3740-475: The resort entrance) now stands at the beginning of Boulevard Agua Caliente, about two miles west of the old resort. In 1935, President Cárdenas decreed an end to gambling and casinos in Baja California, and the Agua Caliente complex faltered, then closed. In 1939, it was reopened as a junior high school (now, Preparatoria Lázaro Cárdenas). The buildings themselves were torn down in the 1970s and replaced by modern scholastic architecture. With increased tourism and

3808-602: The river on higher ground. Legal drinking and gambling attracted U.S. nationals in the 1920s during Prohibition . The Avenida Revolución area became the city's tourist center, with casinos and the Hotel Caesar's, birthplace of the Caesar salad . In 1925, the city by presidential decree changed its name to Ciudad Zaragoza , but its name reverted to Tijuana in 1929. In 1928, the Agua Caliente Touristic Complex

3876-570: The river valley, the district is subject to seasonal flooding created by drain-off from the Tijuana Hills. During this time, east-bound portions of the Via Rapida (east–west highway) may be blocked off by the Tijuana Police due to hazardous conditions. Tijuana is noted for its rough terrain, which includes many canyons, steep hills, and mesas. Large hills in Tijuana include the Cerro Colorado and

3944-568: The sea") in the language of the Kumeyaay —the First Nations people of the San Diego-Tijuana region. Urban legend, on the other hand, states that Tía Juana , which means "Aunt Jane" in Spanish, was a real person whose inn provided food and lodging to travelers. There is, however, no record of such an inn; in fact, the first building in the area was built by Argüello in any case, after naming his ranch Rancho Tía Juana. In California , Tijuana

4012-481: The settlement variously as Rancho Tía Juana , Tihuan and finally, Tijuana . While the city was founded as “Tijuana” in 1889, "Tia Juana" remained the English-language name for the river, as well as a U.S. settlement that is now part of San Ysidro , until approximately 1916. The commonly accepted theory among historians is that Tía Juana , as Argüello named his rancho, is derived from the word Tiwan ("by

4080-644: The skyline as the tallest buildings. From Tijuana's skyline the San Diego skyline can also be seen, although the reverse is mostly not true on account of the high hills surrounding central Tijuana. The municipality of Tijuana is divided into eight administrative boroughs, or Delegaciones . The Tijuana metropolitan area occupies all of borough seats. The boroughs are in turn divided into colonias or ejidos . These boroughs offer administrative services such as urban planning , civil registry , inspection, verification, public works and community development and are served by

4148-467: The state capital, Mexicali , the city is bordered to the north by the cities of Imperial Beach , and the San Diego neighborhoods of San Ysidro and Otay Mesa, California. To the southwest of the city is Rosarito Beach , while to the south is unincorporated territory of Tijuana Municipality. The city is nestled among hills, canyons, and gullies. The central part of the city lies in a valley through which flows

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4216-536: The state law contravened the electoral and political rights of the citizenry. Pending that decision, Hank was not a registered candidate and had to abstain from campaigning. The election date was on August 5, 2007. According to the Baja California's State Electoral Institute, Jorge Hank lost the election by 8 points (almost 55,000 votes) to Jose Guadalupe Osuna Millan, PAN's candidate. Alfredo Ferreiro Velasco, leader of PES announced on January 26, 2021, that Jorge Hank Rhon would be its candidate for governor in 2021. As

4284-521: The time period was the Trump Ocean Resort Baja Mexico that would have been located in Playas and reached 98 m (322 ft). Currently the tallest building, and soon to be the largest complex in footage, New City Residential reaches 102 m (335 ft). Overall, the city maintains 33 completed structures with other proposed and under-construction skyscrapers. The Tijuana skyline

4352-421: The upper reaches of the hills of the city. The record low temperature recorded in the city was −6 °C (21 °F), while the highest was 49 °C (120 °F). Tijuana has a diverse cosmopolitan population which includes migrants from other parts of Mexico and from all over the world. Tijuana has one of Mexico's largest Asian populations, predominantly consisting of Chinese immigrants. Tijuana also has

4420-538: The world, sharing a border of about 24 km (15 mi) with its sister city San Diego . More than fifty million people cross the border between these two cities every year. Despite its popularity as a tourist destination, Tijuana is a hotbed of crime, especially violent crime , due to the extensive presence of organized crime and Mexican cartels . It regularly ranks among the most violent cities by homicide rate. According to Statista in August 2023, Tijuana presently has

4488-477: Was approved by nine PRI representatives with six PAN representatives rejecting the license and one PRD representative abstaining from voting. Multiple billboards reporting Hank actions as mayor were put out after the annual report and PAN representative complained and offered to remove the PAN-sponsored radio spots on fighting radar camera-issued tickets. At the end of 2006, Jorge Hank expressed his wishes to run

4556-611: Was estimated at 5,158,459 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in The Californias , 19th-largest metropolitan area in the Americas , and the largest bi-national conurbation that is shared between US and Mexico. The city is one of the fastest-growing metro areas in the country and rated as a "High Sufficiency" global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Tijuana traces its modern history to

4624-415: Was opened, including hotel, spa, dog-track, private airport, golf course and gambling casino. A year later, the new Agua Caliente Racetrack joined the complex. During the eight years it operated, the Agua Caliente hotel, casino and spa achieved a near mythical status, with Hollywood stars and gangsters flying in and playing. Rita Hayworth was discovered there. Musical nightclub productions were broadcast over

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