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56-623: The California legislature created the State Agricultural Society to promote California's reputation for farming and industry. An agricultural exposition was organized and held in San Francisco in 1854, and California Historic Landmark #861 marks the site. Given that travel was difficult in that era, the next several annual expositions were held at different locations around the state, including Sacramento (1855), San Jose (1856), Stockton (1857), and Marysville (1858). In 1859,

112-674: A brief period from 1995 to 1996, the Assembly has been in Democratic hands since the 1970 election. The Senate has been under Democratic control since 1970, except for a brief period from 1973 to 1975. Article IV of the 1849 California Constitution prescribed that the legislative power of the state is invested in an Assembly and a Senate which was to be designated as the Legislature of the State of California. Sessions were required to be annual and began on

168-516: A movement to construct a cultural identity centered around the golden poppy. In the aftermath of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire , the California poppy became a central design motif and symbol influencing various decorative objects. Such decorative objects featured California scenes and prominently showcased the California poppy symbolizing the imagined, pastoral and prosperous California that artists sought to create. A particular example

224-399: A per-flower basis it ranked second, with a rate of 8.3 ± 1.1μl. The corn poppy, Papaver rhoeas , topped the list for per-flower pollen production with its rate of 13.3 ± 2.8μl. When measuring the entire capitulum the top two species were the ox-eye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare , with 15.9 ± 2μl, and Cosmos bipinnatus , which had a rate nearly equivalent to that of the corn poppy. In

280-570: A pivotal role in establishing the California poppy as a cultural icon. In contrast, the Tongva peoples of the San Gabriel Valley region recognized the California poppy by the term, Mekachaa. Such indigenous communities interpret the Mekechaa as a plant relative, and actively resisted attempts to appropriate its existence through artistic community projects. In Waa'aka', the final plant created by

336-424: A statement of intent and evidence that the statement actually reflected the views of several of the legislators who voted for the bill (as opposed to just one). The most sought-after legislative committee appointments are to governance and finance, business and professions, and health. These are sometimes called "juice" committees, because membership in these committees often aids the campaign fundraising efforts of

392-468: A syrup, and dried petals added to water to make an infusion or boiled for tea. E. californica is drought-tolerant , self-seeding, and easy to cultivate. It is best grown as an annual , in full sun, and well-draining sandy or loam soil. Horticulturalists have produced numerous cultivars with a range of colors and blossom and stem forms. These typically do not breed true on reseeding. Seeds are often sold as mixtures. The following cultivars have gained

448-495: A visit to California and an encounter with the golden wildflowers, reflects the early attitudes forming around the poppy. By the 1890s, Eschscholzia californica had transformed from merely the California or golden poppy to the designated state poppy– a shift from a botanical specimen with regional ties to a symbol of the state. The California poppy has been historically used as traditional medicine and cosmetics by some indigenous people in California , particularly those native to

504-444: Is a perennial or annual plant growing to 5–12 in (13–30 cm) tall with alternately branching glaucous blue-green foliage. The leaves are alternately divided into round, lobed segments. The flowers are solitary on long stems, silky-textured, with four petals, each petal 2 to 6 cm (0.79 to 2.36 in) long and broad; flower color ranges through yellow, orange and red. Flowering occurs from February to September in

560-486: Is a species of flowering plant in the family Papaveraceae , native to the United States and Mexico. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant flowering in summer (spring in southern Australia), with showy cup-shaped flowers in brilliant shades of red, orange and yellow (occasionally pink and white). It is also used as food or a garnish . It became the official state flower of California in 1903. California poppy

616-441: Is a wooden box painted by Lucia Mathews in 1929, this box serves as a visual representation of the symbiotic relationship between the poppy and California, reinforcing the state's identity through design. As the official state flower of California, Eschscholzia californica is pictured on welcome signs along highways entering California and on official Scenic Route signs. In March 2019, a " super bloom " of California poppies in

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672-485: Is located in northern Los Angeles County . At the peak of the blooming season, orange flowers seem to cover all 1,745 acres (706 ha) of the reserve. Other prominent locations of California poppy meadows include Bear Valley ( Colusa County ) and Point Buchon ( San Luis Obispo County ). Eschscholzia californica was the first named species of the genus Eschscholzia , named by the German botanist Adelbert von Chamisso after

728-696: Is the bicameral state legislature of the U.S. state of California , consisting of the California State Assembly ( lower house with 80 members) and the California State Senate ( upper house with 40 members). Both houses of the Legislature convene at the California State Capitol in Sacramento . The California State Legislature is one of ten full-time state legislatures in the United States . The houses are distinguished by

784-636: The American River north of downtown Sacramento. Funds were not allocated to begin construction on this land until 1963, and the State Fair continued at the Stockton Boulevard grounds until 1967. The California Exposition was dedicated on Monday, May 22, 1967. Governor Ronald Reagan delivered the dedicatory address at the 630 acre site on the American River. Then in 1968, Governor Ronald Reagan opened

840-593: The Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit :- It is commercially sold and widely naturalized in Australia, including Tasmania, and was introduced to South Africa, Chile, New Zealand, and Argentina. In both Chile and California, there are marked differences between California poppies grown in low and high altitudes. Coastal or low-altitude specimens produce fewer flowers and seeds, experienced longer flowering times, and had shorter stems. During

896-449: The "several counties and districts" according to the white population of said areas. Section 25 imposed a single-subject rule on legislative bills, Section 26 prohibited the legislature from granting a divorce , Section 31 prohibited the legislature from establishing a corporation with a special act (similar to a private bill ), Section 34 prohibited the legislature from granting a charter "for banking purposes" while Section 35 required

952-509: The 1879 Constitution explicitly stated that the Senate has 40 members and that the Assembly has 80 members. The constitution also explicitly provides that Senators terms are four years and the terms of members of the Assembly are two years. New legislators convene each new two-year session, to organize, in the Assembly and Senate chambers, respectively, at noon on the first Monday in December following

1008-518: The 1890s Sarah Plummer Lemmon advocated for the adoption of the golden poppy as the state flower of California, eventually writing the bill passed by the California Legislature and signed by Governor George Pardee in 1903. In this era, the state aimed to construct an external identity grounded in the natural wealth of the region, enticing newcomers and businesses with promises of celebration and prosperity. Publicly, products synonymous with

1064-458: The 1990s. Since 1993, the Legislature has hosted a web or FTP site in one form or another. The current website contains the text of all statutes, all bills, the text of all versions of the bills, all the committee analyses of bills, all the votes on bills in committee or on the floor, and veto messages from the governor. Before then, committees occasionally published reports for significant bills, but most bills were not important enough to justify

1120-458: The 2017–2018 session to require a vote. Across the country, pocket veto powers are not uncommon in legislatures; in Colorado, the power was notably repealed in a citizen initiative constitutional amendment in 1988 driven by various reform groups. A bill is a proposal to change, repeal, or add to existing state law . An Assembly Bill (AB) is one introduced in the Assembly; a Senate Bill (SB), in

1176-498: The Assembly are elected from 80 districts and serve two-year terms . All 80 Assembly seats are subject to election every two years. Members of the Senate are elected from 40 districts and serve four-year terms . Every two years, one half of the Senate (20 seats) is subject to election, with odd-numbered districts up for election during presidential elections , and even-numbered districts up for election during midterm elections . Term limits were initially established in 1990 following

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1232-623: The Baltic German botanist Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz , his friend and colleague on Otto von Kotzebue 's scientific expedition to California and the greater Pacific circa 1810 aboard the Russian ship Rurik . California poppy is highly variable, with over 90 synonyms . Some botanists accept two subspecies —one with four varieties (e.g., Leger & Rice 2003 )—though others do not recognize them as distinct (e.g., Jepson 1993 ): Botanical research has held significant implications towards

1288-470: The California Channel and local Public-access television cable TV . Due to the expense and the obvious political downside , California did not keep verbatim records of actual speeches made by members of the Assembly and Senate until the video feed began. As a result, reconstructing legislative intent outside of an act 's preamble is extremely difficult in California for legislation passed before

1344-524: The Sacramento Mile Auto-race. The old California State Fairgrounds Race Track hosted USAC National Championship races. The fair was not held in 2020 or 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in California ; the 159th was deferred to 2022. Cal Expo is home to one of three operating permanent monorail system in California - the others can be found at Disneyland and Gilroy Gardens. The iconic monorail

1400-419: The Senate. Bills are designated by number, in the order of introduction in each house. For example, AB 16 refers to the 16th bill introduced in the Assembly. The numbering starts afresh each session. There may be one or more "extraordinary" sessions. The bill numbering starts again for each of these. For example, the third bill introduced in the Assembly for the second extraordinary session is ABX2 3. The name of

1456-679: The State Senate. The proceedings of the California State Legislature are briefly summarized in regularly published journals, which show votes and who proposed or withdrew what. Reports produced by California executive agencies, as well as the Legislature, were published in the Appendices to the Journals from 1849 to 1970. Since the 1990s, the legislature has provided a live video feed for its sessions, and has been broadcast state-wide on

1512-626: The Tongva's god of creation, Wiyot , was the Island poppy , described as " golden as the sun, bringing beauty to the world ." California poppy leaves are used as food or garnish, while the seeds are used in cooking. There are no clinical trials showing it can effectively treat psychiatric disorders in humans. E. californica contains californidine (N (CH3)2), allocryptopine , eschscholtzine N-CH3 (californidine), and other similar ( Papaveraceae ) alkaloids . Also berberine . The California poppy has been used through two methods: fresh petals to create

1568-491: The annual State Fair, Cal Expo hosts a number of other community, trade and business events, including the annual State Fair Gala (supporting scholarships), Sacramento County Fair, International Sportsman Expo, Western States Horse Expo and a number of other RV, auto and special collectible trade shows. The one-mile dirt racetrack at Cal Expo hosts live thoroughbred racing during the annual State Fair and live harness racing (September through May), in addition to special events like

1624-489: The attention of any individual community representative, it would also in turn make it harder for these representatives to get the attention of their state legislators. The measure failed to acquire enough signatures to qualify as a proposition for the 2016 November elections ballot. California Golden Poppy Eschscholzia californica , the California poppy , golden poppy , California sunlight or cup of gold ,

1680-504: The author, the legislator who introduced the bill, becomes part of the title of the bill. The legislative procedure , is divided into distinct stages: From December 4, 2023, members of the California State Legislature receive an annual salary of $ 128,215. The Assembly Speaker, Senate President pro tempore, and minority floor leaders receive salaries of $ 147,446. Majority floor leaders and second ranking minority leaders receive salaries of $ 137,832. As of 2023, California legislators are paid

1736-405: The broader membership. In California, as of 2019 this was governed by Senate Rule 28 which requires 21 members and Assembly Rule 96(a) which requires 41 members; the procedure was notably used in 1998. In 2019, a rule change in the Assembly allowed committee chairs to avoid considering bills, which effectively kills the proposal. A proposed amendment to the constitution (ACA-23 ) was proposed for

California Exposition - Misplaced Pages Continue

1792-456: The city limits on Stockton Boulevard ( 38°33′07″N 121°27′07″W  /  38.552°N 121.452°W  / 38.552; -121.452 ), and the first fair was held there in 1909. But World War I interrupted the fair in 1917–18. Continued growth caused that site to be expanded by 75 acres (300,000 m) in 1937. During and after World War II , from 1942 to 1947, the Fair was suspended and

1848-423: The classification of Eschscholzia . Despite some unresolved aspects in the phylogenies, it is evident that taxonomic are necessary within the genus, particularly in three areas: supporting two subspecies of E. californica , endorsing two subspecies of E. lemmonii , and recognizing two potential new taxa. Currently, 8 taxa are officially recognized. It belongs to the subfamily Eschscholzioideae , sister group to

1904-455: The color gold, such as oranges, wheat, actual gold, and the iconic golden poppy, were strategically employed as influential elements in the endeavor to shape and promote the state. The designation of the California poppy as the state flower was influenced by a convergence of cultural, social, and political factors aimed at defining and affirming the identity of the colonial state. Asserting claims of communal identity, white settlers orchestrated

1960-501: The colors of the carpet and trim of each house: the Senate uses red and the Assembly uses green, inspired by the United Kingdom 's House of Lords and House of Commons respectively. The Democratic Party currently holds veto-proof supermajorities in both houses of the California State Legislature. The Assembly consists of 62 Democrats and 17 Republicans , while the Senate is composed of 31 Democrats and 9 Republicans. Except for

2016-415: The committee members because powerful lobbying groups want to donate to members of these committees. The legislature can " pocket veto " laws by avoiding consideration and thus avoiding a vote. The Appropriations "Suspense File", which was created in the mid-1980s, is a popular way to avoid a vote. When a committee refuses to vote a bill out of committee, a discharge petition can typically be passed by

2072-515: The election. After the organizational meeting, both houses are in recess until the first Monday in January, except when the first Monday is January 1 or January 1 is a Sunday, in which case they meet the following Wednesday. Aside from the recess, the legislature is in session year-round. Since California was given official statehood by the U.S. on September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 ,

2128-671: The entry of the poppy into European taxonomic systems as Eschscholzia californica . The living flower made its European debut in 1826, courtesy of Scottish botanist David Douglas , who collected various plant seeds, including Eschscholzia californica , for the Royal Horticultural Society of England. While evidence indicates that the golden poppy started appearing in British gardens over the subsequent fifty years, it had not yet become strongly associated with ideas of California identity and statehood. An 1883 Scottish report, recounting

2184-452: The expense of printing and distributing a report to archives and law libraries across the state. For bills lacking such a formal committee report, the only way to discover legislative intent is to access the state archives in Sacramento and manually review the files of relevant legislators, legislative committees, and the Governor's Office from the relevant time period, in the hope of finding

2240-446: The exposition returned to Sacramento, and it was decided that a permanent site should be found. Capitol Park, a six block site bounded by E, H, 20th and 22nd Streets ( 38°34′48″N 121°28′37″W  /  38.580°N 121.477°W  / 38.580; -121.477 ) was purchased and was home to the state fair for the next fifty years. Growth in population and attendance forced the purchase of 80 acres (320,000 m) just outside

2296-566: The fairgrounds were occupied by the Army . During its formative years (1929–1942?), the California Highway Patrol used some of the State Fair facilities as an unofficial "training academy", later using other state-owned areas in the Sacramento area for training use until the current CHP Academy was opened in 1976. In 1948, the state purchased approximately 900 acres of undeveloped land along

California Exposition - Misplaced Pages Continue

2352-410: The first Monday of the January after the previous election unless if the Governor called an extraordinary session by proclamation . The terms of Assembly members lasted for one year while the terms of Senators lasted for two years. The 1849 Constitution did not prescribe the size of either house, but it did require that the Senate was to be composed of no less than one third but no more than one half of

2408-531: The late 1700s, Spanish settlers affectionately called the poppy "copa de oro" (gold cup). By 1816, Russian explorers officially named the flower Eschscholzia californica . Since California's statehood in 1850, local residents have embraced it as the California poppy or golden poppy . Several years later, Chamisso introduced the wildflower through a detailed description and life-sized color painting in Horae Physicae Berolinenses (1820). This marked

2464-514: The late 1960's. Cal Expo has seen limited changes since it opened in 1968. Following the tragic attacks of 9/11 , a memorial plaza was installed in 2002. In 2012, the Disneyland Resort donated to Cal Expo the iconic 'CALIFORNIA' letters that previously stood in front of Disney California Adventure from its 2001 opening until 2011. The letters now stand at the entrance to the Expo. In addition to

2520-400: The legislature to enact a statute which prohibited any person or corporation from "..exercising the privileges of banking or creating paper to circulate as money", and Section 38 required all votes in the legislature to be conducted via voice vote. In its original form, Article IV of the 1879 California Constitution structured the legislature in a similar way to the 1849 Constitution. However,

2576-469: The native flower's status as a genuine and intrinsic product of the land appealing. In the 19th century, the California poppy held a dual identity, both as a botanical native and as a symbolic representation of California. It was crafted to embody the essence of a "true" Californian, celebrated and used predominantly by the white Californian community. The Native Daughters and Sons of the Golden West played

2632-537: The new "Cal Expo" site, which covers over 350 acres (1.4 km) of developed land at 38°35′35″N 121°26′06″W  /  38.593°N 121.435°W  / 38.593; -121.435 . The Architect of the Exposition Center was San Francisco Architecture firm Wurster, Bernardi and Emmons (WBE), Architects (Partnership). The building is an example of Modern Architecture in the Brutalist Style, popular in

2688-697: The northern hemisphere. The petals close at night (or in cold, windy weather) and open again the following morning, although they may remain closed in cloudy weather. The fruit is a slender, dehiscent capsule 3 to 9 cm (1.2 to 3.5 in) long, which splits in two, sometimes explosively with an audible snap, to release numerous small 1.5–1.8 mm (0.059–0.071 in) wide black or dark brown seeds . It survives mild winters in its native range, dying completely in colder climates. Its native habitat includes California and extends to Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora and northwest Baja California . The Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve

2744-516: The number of members in the Assembly, with half of the Senators being up for election each year while requiring the legislature to fix the number of Senators and Assemblymembers, with there to be no less than 24 and no more than 36 members in the Assembly until the population of the state reached 100,000 residents, upon which the number of members in the Assembly was to be no less than 36 and no more than 80. Legislative districts were to be apportioned among

2800-474: The passage of Proposition 140. In June 2012, voters approved Proposition 28, which limits legislators to a maximum of 12 years, without regard to whether they serve those years in the State Assembly or the State Senate. Legislators first elected on or before June 5, 2012, are restricted by the previous term limits, approved in 1990, which limited legislators to three terms in the State Assembly and two terms in

2856-469: The regions where the plant is found. In particular, Tongva Gabrielino , Cahuilla , Costanoan , Luiseno , and Pomo have cultural and historical connections with the poppy. These connections involve traditional uses of the plant, cultural significance, and even folklore. While indigenous communities have nurtured the land for generations, establishing ecological conditions conducive to wildflower growth, colonial settlers and their governing structures found

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2912-761: The second highest salary of any state. Senators receive per diem of $ 211 and Assembly members receive per diem of $ 214. The Neighborhood Legislature Reform Act In July 23, 2015, then former Republican presidential primary candidate John Cox submitted a ballot measure named "The Neighborhood Legislature Reform Act" which proposed that the Legislature's districts be subdivided into "neighborhood districts" of approximately 5000 people within each Assembly district and 10000 people within each Senate district. The representatives of these "neighborhood districts" within each district would then elect 40 Senate members and 80 Assembly members by majority vote. It has been argued that while this proposal would make it easier for citizens to get

2968-452: The state capital was variously San Jose (1850–1851), Vallejo (1852–1853) and Benicia (1853–1854), until Sacramento was finally selected in 1854. The first Californian State House was originally a hotel in San Jose owned by businessman Pierre "Don Pedro" Sainsevain and his associates. The State Legislature currently meets in the California State Capitol in Sacramento. Members of

3024-835: The state fair was in 2009. Rides and games previously had been operated by Ray Cammack Shows for several years before that. The Show Arena or Rodeo Arena 1, is used for various events such as rodeos, concerts and monster trucks. It was also used for motorcycle speedway in from 1974 to 1979 and was the venue for the American qualifying round of the Speedway World Championship in 1976. 38°35′36″N 121°26′05″W  /  38.59337°N 121.434765°W  / 38.59337; -121.434765 California State Legislature 38°34′36″N 121°29′36″W  /  38.576572°N 121.493411°W  / 38.576572; -121.493411 The California State Legislature

3080-415: The subfamily Papaveroideae (which includes Papaver somniferum , the opium poppy). As poppies are not wind-pollinated, their pollen poses no allergy risk via inhalation . A UK study of meadow flowers including commercial mixes and common plants such as ragwort and dandelion ranked the California poppy highly in pollen production, although it did not produce a significant amount of nectar . On

3136-581: Was installed during the creation of its existing grounds in 1968 by Universal Mobility Incorporated . The Monorail ride is only open for public use during the annual State Fair and is a great way to see the grounds from above. The storage facility for the monorail trams are located in the northwest corner of the grounds. Each tram features a different California symbol, like the California Golden Poppy or California Quail . Carnival rides and games are operated by Butler Amusements , whose first year at

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