IndoStar-1 , also known as Cakrawarta-1 , was a communication satellite that was launched the evening of November 12, 1997 at 21:48 GMT aboard an Ariane 44L-3 rocket from Kourou , French Guiana. As the first direct broadcasting satellite (DBS) in Asia, IndoStar-1 would initiate a new communication service for Indonesian society such as direct-to-home television.
16-609: The IndoStar-1 geostationary broadcast satellite (the first STAR-1 spacecraft bus) and the Turn-Key Indovision Direct To Home (DTH) program was developed by Thomas van der Heyden. The satellite was built by a team of engineers at the US company Defense Systems Inc. (DSI), which had up until the IndoStar program (later renamed Cakrawarta by the then president of Indonesia, Suharto ), focused on Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites for
32-531: A launch mass of 1,317 kg (2,903 lb), a dry mass of 535 kg (1,179 lb), and a 10-year design life. As all four STAR-1 satellites, it had a solid rocket Star 30CBP apogee kick motor for orbit raising , plus 200 kg (440 lb) of propellant for its liquid propellant station keeping thrusters. It measured 3.76 m × 2.49 m × 2.03 m (12.3 ft × 8.2 ft × 6.7 ft) when stowed for launch. Its dual wing solar panels can generate 2.6 kW of power at
48-501: A variation of the bus dedicated to servicing spacecraft in geostationary orbit, the Gemini bus . They would announce their first win for Gemini platform on April 12, 2016, with the agreement to sell the services of Mission Extension Vehicle-1 to Intelsat in 2019. Through the years there have been different variations of the platform: BSAT-2a BSAT-2a , was a geostationary communications satellite operated by B-SAT which
64-773: Is a family of satellite buses designed and manufactured by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems . The family initially focused on small geostationary communications satellites. The first iterations addressed the sub-5 kW commercial segment that was underserved following the retirement of the HS-376 satellite bus. It started with the STARBus on CTA Space Systems , which was later bought successively by Orbital Sciences , Orbital ATK , and most recently Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems . Originally developed by CTA Space Systems , won its first order with IndoStar-1 . Orbital Sciences Corporation acquired CTA in 1997 and continued selling
80-641: The Baikonur Cosmodrome , Kazakhstan. It became operational in July 2009 and IndoStar-1 was subsequently decommissioned. IndoStar-1 was managed and operated by PT Media Citra Indostar (MCI), providing a direct broadcast signal by high quality digital transmission. Operationally, IndoStar-1 satellite was used for commercial services by cable television companies to relay international and local programs throughout Indonesia. Indovision used this satellite before switching to IndoStar-2 . GEOStar The GEOStar
96-490: The GEOStar-3 platform. Not only was this a bigger platform that could generate up to 8 kW of power, but it also offered a satellite stacking feature for a dual launch option. On April 29, 2014, Orbital Sciences announced that it would merge with Alliant Techsystems to create a new company called Orbital ATK, Inc. On February 9, 2015, Orbital ATK started operating as an entity. During 2015, Orbital ATK would introduce
112-638: The US government, DARPA and NASA. Under the contract DSI together with its sister company International Technologies Inc. (ITI) constructed the Indostar-1 satellite program for on-orbit turn-key delivery for the Indonesian television broadcasting company PT Media Citra Indostar (MCI). The Turn-Key, End-to-End contract, which included; Launch, Tracking Telemetry & Control Station, Up-Link Station for 60 MPEG television channels, Integrated Receiver Decoder (IRD) design, ITU regulatory filings, insurance, and spacecraft -
128-407: The atmosphere and provide high-quality transmissions to small-diameter 80 cm antennas in regions that experience heavy rainfall such as Indonesia. A similar Ku- or C-band reception performance requires greater transmission power or much larger dish to penetrate the moist atmosphere. Due to a failed power regulator, two of the satellite's five transponders could not be used at 100% output whenever
144-450: The beginning of its design life, and span 16.10 m (52.8 ft) when fully deployed. It has a single K u band payload with four active transponders plus four spares with a TWTA output power of 130 Watts . In March 1999, B-SAT ordered from Orbital Sciences Corporation two satellites based on the STAR-1 platform: BSAT-2a and BSAT-2b . This was the second order of
160-441: The bus and the first since Orbital had acquired CTA Space Systems, the original developer. BSAT-2a was launched aboard an Ariane 5G at 22:51 UTC, March 8, 2001, from Guiana Space Center ELA-3 . It rode on the lower berth below Eurobird . On April 26, BSAT-2a was commissioned into service starting the broadcast of digital signals. B-SAT ended the broadcast of analog television in July 2011. During January 2013, BSAT-2a
176-555: The first GEO LightSat, their STAR Bus platform. The Cakrawarta satellite was successfully launched into the geostationary orbital slot located at 107.7 East Longitude above Indonesia by the Ariane 44L launch vehicle on November 12, 1997, co-manifested with the Sirius-2 satellite. IndoStar-1 was the world's first commercial communications satellite to use S-band frequencies for broadcast (pioneered by van der Heyden), which efficiently penetrate
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#1733085783789192-465: The platform under the STAR-1 designation. It was able to sell three STAR-1 satellites to B-SAT of Japan, BSAT-2a , BSAT-2b and BSAT-2c . Orbital then introduced a new version of the platform known as STAR-2 . Its first launch was with the sale of the satellite bus only, with N-STAR c . With the introduction of the LEOStar satellite bus, STAR-2 was renamed as GEOStar-2 , a platform that eventually
208-544: The satellite was eclipsed by the Earth. During these periods, only 80 percent of the required power was available. The spacecraft, with a design life of seven years, operated successfully for 11 years, providing 60 channels of MPEG-2 digital satellite television to the 235 million people of Indonesia. On Saturday, May 16, 2009, Indovision launched the replacement for the Cakrawarta-1 (IndoStar-1) satellite, Indostar-2 (now SES-7) from
224-532: Was capable of up to 5.5 kW of power production. Orbital would later introduce the GEOStar-1 platform, capable of only 1.5 kW of power production. It is not to be confused with the original STAR-1, since GEOStar-1 is actually the project Aquila, a platform even smaller than the GEOStar-2 designed for military applications in geostationary orbit and medium Earth orbit . On March 10, 2014, Orbital introduced
240-402: Was designed and manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation on the STAR-1 platform. It was stationed on the 110° East orbital slot along its companion BSAT-2c from where they provided redundant high definition direct television broadcasting across Japan. BSAT-2a was designed and manufactured by Orbital Sciences Corporation on the STAR-1 satellite bus for B-SAT . It had
256-480: Was the first fully turn key contract in the commercial satellite industry. In 1995 DSI was sold to Computer Technology Associates (CTA) which was sold two years later to Orbital Sciences Corporation (later Orbital ATK , now Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems ) during the final stages of the Indostar-1 satellite integration in early 1997. The Indostar-1 satellite design was developed from scratch by Thomas van der Heyden and Dr. George Sebestyen founder of DSI, became
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