The executive , also referred to as the juditian or executive power , is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes the key decisions and holds power.
31-563: The first Balkenende cabinet was the executive branch of the Netherlands government from 22 July 2002 until 27 May 2003. The cabinet was formed by the Christian-democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), the nationalistic Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) and the conservative-liberal People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) after the election of 2002 . The cabinet was a right-wing coalition and had
62-582: A demissionary capacity until it was replaced following the election of 2003 . On 17 May 2002 Queen Beatrix appointed Member of the Council of State Piet Hein Donner (CDA) as " informateur ", to investigate the possibilities for a new government. A coalition between CDA, LPF and VVD was established relatively quickly, despite some initial resistance by the VVD. By 4 July a detailed coalition agreement had been drawn up and
93-464: A change in governing party or group of parties or a general election. Parliamentary systems have a head of government (who leads the executive, often called ministers ) normally distinct from the head of state (who continues through governmental and electoral changes). In the Westminster type of parliamentary system , the principle of separation of powers is not as entrenched as in some others. Members of
124-460: A new party and resigning from the government. This led to tension between him and his supporter Steven van Eyck and Bomhoff. VVD-leader Zalm tried to convince the LPF ministers to replace both Bomhoff and Heinsbroek but his real aim was to use these resignations to call for new elections and to repair the huge losses of his VVD party in the election after the murder of Fortuyn. Disregarding Bomhoff's warnings,
155-526: A substantial majority in the House of Representatives with Christian Democratic Leader Jan Peter Balkenende serving as Prime Minister . Prominent economist Eduard Bomhoff served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Health, Welfare and Sport , while prominent Liberal politician Johan Remkes served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations . The cabinet served during
186-538: Is that it will keep me a bit 'in the picture'" . As a result of his performances at the talent contest, which were met with public ridicule, Nawijn signed up for a five-year contract as a singer. His first single came out in May 2007, Hey Jumpen , in the jumpstyle genre, and reached #45 in the Dutch Single Top 100 charts. In February 2008 he returned to his original career in law. Since 2010, Nawijn has served as
217-619: Is usually a largely ceremonial monarch or president. Hilbrand Nawijn Hilbrand Pier Anne Nawijn (born 8 August 1948) is a Dutch lawyer and politician of the local political party Lijst Hilbrand Nawijn (LHN) in Zoetermeer . From 2002 to 2004, he served as a Member of the House of Representatives for the Pim Fortuyn List party and from 2006 for the Party for the Netherlands . Nawijn
248-496: The first Balkenende cabinet . Due to the instability of the LPF following Fortuyn's assassination, the first Balkenende cabinet lasted briefly, leading to early elections in 2003. Due to Nawijn's controversial conservative positions such as his support of the death penalty , which horrified many people in the Netherlands and was opposed by the LPF, he was placed at the bottom of the LPF's electoral list. This should have made it almost impossible for Nawijn to be reelected, however,
279-639: The Dutch Ministry of Justice and was a legal assistant at the main department of Constitutional and Criminal Law. He later founded his own legal firm Nawijn lawyers in Zoetermeer. Following a long career working for the Dutch Ministry of Justice he was elected in 2002 as a member of the Christen-Democratisch Appèl for the municipal council of Zoetermeer . Nawijn was an early supporter of
310-540: The Lower House during the previous cabinet. After resigning he said he still denied the allegations. After the ensuing new elections, the LPF lost two-thirds of its seats in the House of Representatives . The party was never a significant force in Dutch politics again, and dissolved in 2008. The term of 87 days (counting the first and last days in full and excluding its "caretaker" function that continued for months afterwards)
341-602: The Ministry of Justice. The first Balkenende cabinet was very unstable from the beginning. Elections had been held in the very recent aftermath of the assassination of Pim Fortuyn , the leader of the newly established Pim Fortuyn List . Emotions in the Netherlands had run very high. The LPF was catapulted into enormous wins, but was unprepared for cabinet participation. Only three of the 27 cabinet members had previous experience in government, leading to speculation that it wouldn't last long. As it turned out, personality conflicts and
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#1732870208062372-553: The Netherlands ), but obtained no seats. During his campaign, Nawijn voiced his support for accepting CIA black sites into the Netherlands in an interview in October 2006 in the Dutch newspaper Spits . In early 2007, Nawijn participated in the Dutch version of So You Wanna Be a Popstar? , broadcast by the Dutch commercial TV channel SBS6 , granting him fulfilment of one of his dreams. He stated that "Now that I have left national politics, I can do such things. An additional advantage
403-571: The Queen appointed Jan Peter Balkenende , the lijsttrekker for the CDA, as formateur to form a new cabinet. The cabinet was named on 16 July and was sworn in on 22 July. The first Balkenende cabinet comprised 14 ministers and 14 State Secretaries, with each post allocated to one of the coalition parties. Each of the ministers headed a department, with the exception of one "minister without a portfolio" to deal with "foreigners policy and integration", accommodated by
434-421: The control of the government bureaucracy , especially in the areas of overall economic or foreign policy . In parliamentary systems, the executive is responsible to the elected legislature, which must maintain the confidence of the legislature or one part of it, if bicameral. In certain circumstances (varying by state), the legislature can express its lack of confidence in the executive, which causes either
465-506: The death penalty. The cabinet was officially opposed to the death penalty. Nawijn responded that he made his remark as leader of the LPF. The party in its turn declared that it was opposed to the death penalty. Nawijn was highly criticised when he declared that it was a personal remark, because it was normal that a minister in a coalition cabinet could make remarks as a party member outside his ministerial responsibility. In September and October Herman Heinsbroek speculated in public about leading
496-496: The early unstable 2000s. Domestically, it had to deal with the fallout of the assassination of Pim Fortuyn , and internationally, with the start of the war on terror . The cabinet suffered several major internal conflicts including multiple cabinet resignations. The internal conflicts between the cabinet members of the Pim Fortuyn List led to the fall of the cabinet just 87 days into its term on 16 October 2002 and it continued in
527-426: The executive ( ministers ), are also members of the legislature, and hence play an important part in both the writing and enforcing of law. In presidential systems , the directly elected head of government appoints the ministers. The ministers can be directly elected by the voters. In this context, the executive consists of a leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of
558-454: The executive branch may include: In a presidential system , the leader of the executive is both the head of state and government. In some cases, such as South Korea , there is a Prime Minister who assists the President, but who is not the head of government. In a parliamentary system , a cabinet minister responsible to the legislature is the head of government, while the head of state
589-400: The executive requires the support and approval of the legislature, the two bodies are "fused" together, rather than being independent. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty means powers possessed by the executive are solely dependent on those granted by the legislature, which can also subject its actions to judicial review. However, the executive often has wide-ranging powers stemming from
620-464: The executive, and interpreted by the judiciary . The executive can also be the source of certain types of law or law-derived rules, such as a decree or executive order . In those that use fusion of powers , typically parliamentary systems , such as the United Kingdom , the executive forms the government, and its members generally belong to the political party that controls the legislature. Since
651-476: The executive. In political systems based on the separation of powers , such as the United States of America , government authority is distributed between several branches in order to prevent power being concentrated in the hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the legislature is to pass laws, which are then enforced by
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#1732870208062682-693: The fragmented LPF with the goal of founding his own political party which conceptually would lean closer towards the ideas of the far-right Flemish party Vlaams Belang . Together with one of the leaders of Vlaams Belang, Filip Dewinter , in June 2005 he announced the founding of a think tank during a controversial meeting with Dewinter in the former house of murdered politician Pim Fortuyn. Marten Fortuyn, Pim Fortuyn's brother, called this action provocative, and "I had expected otherwise from Nawijn." The influential Dutch magazine Elsevier wrote: "According to (the LPF member of parliament) João Varela (politician) , it
713-515: The general inexperience of LPF cabinet members led to the rapid implosion of the cabinet after a little more than two months. The first scandal in the new government came only nine hours after it took office. Philomena Bijlhout , the State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment and a member of the LPF, resigned after RTL 4 reported that she had been a member of a militia of Surinamese military dictator Dési Bouterse in 1982 and 1983. This
744-486: The openly gay , populist Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn and in 2002, when Fortuyn founded the Pim Fortuyn List , Nawijn earned a place on the list. Despite the assassination of Fortuyn by an animal rights activist, which happened days before the election, the LPF emerged with a successful result, thus bringing Nawijn into the Dutch House of Representatives . He was appointed Minister for Integration and Immigration in
775-434: The other LPF ministers took the bait and told Bomhoff and Heinsbroek to resign, which they did on 16 October. Immediately, Zalm broke his commitment to the remaining LPF ministers to accept replacements for Bomhoff and Heinsbroek and called for fresh elections. Meetings with the Queen did not take place until the week after the resignation, since she had travelled to Italy immediately after the funeral. On 21 October she accepted
806-409: The resignation and new elections were called for 22 January 2003. The cabinet remained in place as a demissionary cabinet , without Bomhoff and Heinsbroek, until the elections and formation of the second Balkenende cabinet . On 12 December 2002 Benk Korthals resigned as caretaker Minister of Defence after a commission of inquiry into building industry fraud accused him of giving false information to
837-462: The same statements which made him so unpopular to the political establishment won him a following among voters. On election day Nawijn received enough individual votes to once again enter the House of Representatives. Nawijn also voiced support for the reunification of Flanders and the Netherlands. Despite still being a member of the LPF, Nawijn often was at odds with the party. In January 2005, he left
868-616: Was Minister for Integration and Asylum Affairs in the first cabinet of Jan Peter Balkenende . Nawijn was born in Kampen . The son of a burgemeester (mayor), he is a descendant of Firmin Navin , a French Huguenot who had fled to Holland in 1696 to escape persecution. After graduating Emelwerda College in Emmeloord he studied law at the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen . He then worked for
899-564: Was during the period when the militia had committed the political murders known as the " December Murders ". Bijlhout, who was born in Suriname, had never denied being part of the militia, but claimed she'd left prior to the December Murders. In the months following the election, the LPF was beset by power struggles between various factions. A big incident was when Immigration and Integration Minister Hilbrand Nawijn declared to be in favour of
930-413: Was the shortest since the fifth cabinet of Hendrikus Colijn (25 July 1939 – 10 August 1939). Executive (government) The scope of executive power varies greatly depending on the political context in which it emerges, and it can change over time in a given country. In democratic countries, the executive often exercises broad influence over national politics, though limitations are often applied to
961-532: Was widely known that Pim Fortuyn wanted nothing to do with Dewinter, whose party Vlaams Blok (resurrected as Vlaams Belang) had the previous year been forbidden due to racism." In the Dutch municipal elections of 2006 , Nawijn managed, with his own new party, to gather 5 out of 39 seats in his hometown Zoetermeer . Later that year he entered the 2006 Dutch election with a new party, the Partij voor Nederland ( Party for