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82-507: The organization emerged from a split away from Comisiones Obreras (CC.OO.) trade union movement in 1976. The Party of Labour of Spain (PTE), which was the driving force behind the launching of CSUT, was part of the 'Minority Tendency' inside CC.OO. A meeting was held on November 7, 1976 in Coslada at which opponents to the CC.OO. leadership gathered. The CC.OO. dissidents opposed the dominance of

164-584: A 95% of following, and forced the government to totally withdraw the Youth Employment Plan. Since the Fourth Congress (1987), the union's general secretary was Antonio Gutiérrez , reelected in the V Congress (1991). During his mandate CCOO distanced itself from the PCE and a preference for negotiations and the social pacts over strikes and conflictivity was promoted. This was criticized by a faction known as

246-574: A coalition of UN organizations aimed at helping meet the Sustainable Development Goals . Unlike other United Nations specialized agencies, the International Labour Organization (ILO) has a tripartite governing structure that brings together governments, employers, and workers of 187 member States, to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all women and men. The structure

328-593: A convention comes into force, it creates a legal obligation for ratifying nations to apply its provisions. Every year the International Labour Conference's Committee on the Application of Standards examines a number of alleged breaches of international labour standards. Governments are required to submit reports detailing their compliance with the obligations of the conventions they have ratified. Conventions that have not been ratified by member states have

410-589: A decree of the government of José María Aznar that made firings cheaper, eliminated agricultural subsidies and encouraged job insecurity, known as the decretazo . After protests the measure was withdrawn almost entirely. In this cycle CCOO reached again over one million members. CCOO also opposed the Iraq War and participated in the massive protests against it . CCOO held its IX Confederal Congress in December 2008, with 1.2 million members and 120,000 elected delegates in

492-450: A few months earlier. Diamián Rodríguez was the general secretary of CSUT in Madrid. In the 1978 trade union elections CSUT raised the slogan " La CSUT, el sindicato que habla claro, da soluciones a los problemas y jamás se vende " ('CSUT, the trade union that speaks out, gives solution to the problems and never sells out'). The organization kicked off its campaign on January 20, 1978 with

574-614: A legal congress in Barcelona , with around 1,000 participants. CSUT called for 'organic' unity of the labour movement, criticizing the reformist trade unions and their links to political parties. CSUT itself, however, was closely linked to the PTE. Only one out of ten CSUT secretariat members was not a PTE member. In January 1978 Daniel Cando replaced Juan Domingo Linde as general secretary of CSUT in Catalonia , following Domingo Linde's expulsion from PTE

656-540: A number of compilations of labour statistics, such as the Key Indicators of Labour Markets (KILM). KILM covers 20 main indicators on labour participation rates, employment, unemployment, educational attainment, labour cost, and economic performance. Many of these indicators have been prepared by other organizations. For example, the Division of International Labour Comparisons of the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics prepares

738-748: A platform. Despite the American boycott, the Bern meeting went ahead as scheduled. In its final report, the Bern Conference demanded an end to wage labour and the establishment of socialism. If these ends could not be immediately achieved, then an international body attached to the League of Nations should enact and enforce legislation to protect workers and trade unions. Meanwhile, the Paris Peace Conference sought to dampen public support for communism. Subsequently,

820-594: A public meeting at Colegio La Paloma in Madrid, with some 2,000 participants. At the event, Lorente stated that CSUT was far ahead of all other contenders for the third place in the polls. In the midst of the elections CSUT called for a strike in Correos (Post), a move criticized by the management and other unions as an electoral stunt. CSUT won 4,984 delegate seats across Spain (4% of the seats elected). CSUT held its first congress in February 1978, with around 1,200 delegates. At

902-670: A severe rationalist style and, at the time of construction, constituted the largest administrative building in Switzerland. Called "Decent Work Technical Support Teams (DWT)", they provide technical support to the work of a number of countries under their area of competence. The ILO is a major provider of labour statistics. Labour statistics are an important tool for its member states to monitor their progress toward improving labour standards. As part of their statistical work, ILO maintains several databases. This database covers 11 major data series for over 200 countries. In addition, ILO publishes

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984-542: A useful instrument for putting social reforms into practice. The utopian ideals of the founding members—social justice and the right to decent work—were changed by diplomatic and political compromises made at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, showing the ILO's balance between idealism and pragmatism. Over the course of the First World War, the international labour movement proposed a comprehensive programme of protection for

1066-672: Is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards . Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations , it is one of the first and oldest specialized agencies of the UN . The ILO has 187 member states : 186 out of 193 UN member states plus the Cook Islands . It is headquartered in Geneva , Switzerland, with around 40 field offices around

1148-587: Is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). As with other UN specialized agencies (or programmes) working on international development , the ILO is also a member of the United Nations Development Group . Through July 2018, the ILO had adopted 189 conventions. If these conventions are ratified by enough governments, they come in force. However, ILO conventions are considered international labour standards regardless of ratification. When

1230-433: Is employed for making conventions more flexible or for amplifying obligations by amending or adding provisions on different points. Protocols are always linked to Convention, even though they are international treaties they do not exist on their own. As with Conventions, Protocols can be ratified. Recommendations do not have the binding force of conventions and are not subject to ratification. Recommendations may be adopted at

1312-488: Is intended to ensure the views of all three groups are reflected in ILO labour standards, policies, and programmes, though governments have twice as many representatives as the other two groups. The Governing Body is the executive body of the International Labour Organization. It meets three times a year, in March, June and November. It takes decisions on ILO policy, decides the agenda of the International Labour Conference, adopts

1394-909: Is organized territorially in local, provincial, regional/nationality levels (in regional unions or in nationality confederations) and in a Spain-wide level. Equally and in a parallel way CCOO is organized at the sectoral level, from local unions in a company to the federal branch. The decision-making bodies at the federal level are the Confederal Congress, the Confederal Council and the Confederal Executive Committee. Branch federations are: There are 3 internal currents in CCOO: [REDACTED] Media related to Comisiones Obreras at Wikimedia Commons International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization ( ILO )

1476-558: The Allied Powers agreed that clauses should be inserted into the emerging peace treaty protecting labour unions and workers' rights, and that an international labour body be established to help guide international labour relations in the future. The advisory Commission on International Labour Legislation was established by the Peace Conference to draft these proposals. The Commission met for the first time on 1 February 1919, and Gompers

1558-686: The American Federation of Labor (AFL) issued its own distinctively apolitical report, which called for the achievement of numerous incremental improvements via the collective bargaining process. As the war drew to a close, two competing visions for the post-war world emerged. The first was offered by the International Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU), which called for a meeting in Bern , Switzerland, in July 1919. The Bern meeting would consider both

1640-631: The Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in CC.OO. However, the dissident unionists gathered in Coslada were split in two. One group went on to form Sindicato Unitario . The other, led by Jerónimo Lorente, formed CSUT at an assembly in Vallecas in March 1977. Lorente became president and Antonio Castillo confederal secretary of CSUT. In May 1977, the National Confederation of Catalonia was founded at

1722-518: The Communist Party of Spain (PCE), Christian labor movements ( JOC and HOAC  [ es ] ) and other groups opposed to the Spanish State . Gradually the ad hoc commissions started to become permanent, creating a stable and well organized movement. For many historians, one of the first places where the Workers' Commissions were formed was the valley of Laciana ( province of León ), within

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1804-575: The Communist Party of Spain (PCE). On December 30 convictions were announced, which coincided with requests of the prosecutor and whose severity was considered related to the murder of Carrero Blanco . The convictions were the following: Marcelino Camacho , 20 years of jail; Nicolás Sartorius , 19; Miguel Ángel Zamora Antón, 12; Pedro Santiesteban, 12; Eduardo Saborido, 20; Francisco García Salve, 19; Luis Fernández, 12; Francisco Acosta, 12; Juan Muñiz Zapico Juanín, 18; and Fernando Soto Martín, 17. They were amnestied on 25 November 1975. The tactic of CCOO

1886-603: The Confederación de Sindicatos Unitarios de Trabajadores (CSUT), a group of CCOO members affiliated with the Party of Labour of Spain (PTE) split from the organization. In May 1977 CCOO suffered another split, this time from supporters of the maoist Workers' Revolutionary Organisation (ORT), that formed the Sindicato Unitario . The year after legalization in 1978, CCOO held its I Confederal Congress, where Marcelino Camacho

1968-686: The Critical Sector of CCOO , supported by Marcelino Camacho and Agustin Moreno, in the sixth Congress (1996). The Critical Sector of CCOO has continued to organize the most pro- PCE sector of CCOO since then. In the VII Congress (2000) José Maria Fidalgo was chosen as the new secretary general, being re-elected at the Eighth Congress in April 2004. In 2002 CCOO and UGT called for a general strike against

2050-505: The International Association for Labour Legislation (IALL), founded in 1900, and political networks, such as the socialist Second International , were a decisive factor in the institutionalization of international labour politics. In the post-World War I euphoria, the idea of a "makeable society" was an important catalyst behind the social engineering of the ILO architects. As a new discipline, international labour law became

2132-631: The Valencian Country , with some 200 participants, was held in June 1978. The congress unanimously ratified Vicente Alcover as their general secretary. In the same month, El País reported that some five hundred workers had left CSUT at the factories of ITT-Standard and Faessa Internacional in Barcelona, in protest of the domination of CSUT by PTE. Most of the dissidents were said to have joined CC.OO. CSUT advocated workers self-government of enterprises in

2214-696: The Workers' Party of Spain – Communist Unity (PTE-UC) (called carrillistas and led by Julián Ariza); the Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE); and the Revolutionary Communist League and the Communist Movement (known as Izquierda Sindical ). In 1980, CCOO received an important part of the USO members, that belonged to the socialist self-management current. In 1986 the union participated in

2296-408: The 193 member states of the United Nations plus the Cook Islands are members of the ILO. The UN member states which are not members of the ILO are Andorra , Bhutan , Liechtenstein , Micronesia , Monaco , Nauru , and North Korea . The ILO constitution permits any member of the UN to become a member of the ILO. To gain membership, a nation must inform the director-general that it accepts all

2378-531: The 1960s by the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) and workers' Roman Catholic groups to fight against Francoist Spain , and for labor rights (in opposition to the non-representative "vertical unions" in the Spanish Labour Organization ). The various organizations formed a single entity after a 1976 Congress in Barcelona . Along with other unions like the Unión Sindical Obrera (USO) and

2460-601: The 1970s has become the largest trade union in Spain. It has more than one million members, and is the most successful union in labor elections, competing with the Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT), which is historically affiliated with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), and with the anarcho-syndicalist Confederación General del Trabajo (CGT), which is usually a distant third. The CCOO were organized in

2542-419: The 1998 Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work ; together they protect freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining , the elimination of forced or compulsory labour, the abolition of child labour , and the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. The ILO is a major contributor to international labour law . Within

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2624-431: The American proposal was adopted. Gompers also set the agenda for the draft charter protecting workers' rights. The Americans made 10 proposals. Three were adopted without change: That labour should not be treated as a commodity; that all workers had the right to a wage sufficient to live on; and that women should receive equal pay for equal work. A proposal protecting the freedom of speech, press, assembly, and association

2706-480: The Minero Siderurgica de Ponferrada (MSP) industry. Another place that sometimes is also cited as the first is La Camocha mine ( Gijón ) in 1957, during a strike. The Asturian miners' strike of 1962 ("La Huelgona") was the first massive action of the union and one of the first massive popular mobilizations against Francoist Spain. The union was heavily repressed in Spain. In 1972 all the leadership of CCOO

2788-578: The Minister of Economic Integration, Small Business, Employment, and Skills Development, Younes Sekouri. The list of the Directors-General of ILO since its establishment in 1919 is as follows: Once a year, the ILO organizes the International Labour Conference (ILC) in Geneva to set the broad policies of the ILO, including conventions and recommendations. Also known as the "international parliament of labour",

2870-786: The Peace Conference adopted it without amendment on 11 April. The report became Part XIII of the Treaty of Versailles . The first annual International Labour Conference (ILC) began on 29 October 1919 at the Pan American Union Building in Washington, D.C. and adopted the first six International Labour Conventions, which dealt with hours of work in industry, unemployment, maternity protection, night work for women, minimum age, and night work for young persons in industry. The prominent French socialist Albert Thomas became its first director-general. Despite open disappointment and sharp critique,

2952-714: The Polish government, which finally gave legal status to Solidarność in 1989. During that same year, there was a roundtable discussion between the government and Solidarnoc which agreed on terms of relegalization of the organization under ILO principles. The government also agreed to hold the first free elections in Poland since the Second World War. The ILO is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. In its first months of existence in 1919, it offices were located in London, only to move to Geneva in

3034-620: The Soviet Union. This appointment (by the ILO's British director-general, C. Wilfred Jenks ) drew particular criticism from AFL–CIO president George Meany and from New Jersey Assemblyman John E. Rooney . However, the funds were eventually paid. On 12 June 1975, the ILO voted to grant the Palestinian Liberation Organization observer status at its meetings. Representatives of the United States and Israel walked out of

3116-572: The U.S. government responded positively and took its seat at the ILO. During the Second World War , when Switzerland was surrounded by German troops, ILO director John G. Winant made the decision to leave Geneva. In August 1940, the government of Canada officially invited the ILO to be housed at McGill University in Montreal. Forty staff members were transferred to the temporary offices and continued to work from McGill until 1948. The ILO became

3198-601: The UGT, it called a general strike in 1976, and carried out protests against the conditions in the country. Marcelino Camacho , a major figure of Spanish trade unionism and a PCE member, was CCOO's General Secretary from its foundation to 1985 - he was elected to the Congress of Deputies in the 1977 election . However, CCOO disassociated from the PCE in the early 1990s and is nowadays a non-partisan, negotiation-prone union. Taking as reference

3280-459: The UN system the organization has a unique tripartite structure: all standards, policies, and programmes require discussion and approval from the representatives of governments, employers, and workers. This framework is maintained in the ILO's three main bodies: The International Labour Conference, which meets annually to formulate international labour standards; the Governing Body, which serves as

3362-464: The activities of Solidarność detained many of its leaders and members. The ILO Committee on Freedom of Association filed a complaint against Poland at the 1982 International Labour Conference. A Commission of Inquiry established to investigate found Poland had violated ILO Conventions No. 87 on freedom of association and No. 98 on trade union rights, which the country had ratified in 1957. The ILO and many other countries and organizations put pressure on

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3444-565: The clandestine union Oposición Sindical Obrera (OSO) the first workers' commissions were organized during 1960 in Asturies , Catalonia , Madrid and the Basque provinces of Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia as labor disputes emerged outside the Francoist national-syndical movement . Originally the "commissions" were representative bodies of workers elected in assemblies. The first "comisiones" were boosted by

3526-408: The conference makes decisions about the ILO's general policy, work programme and budget and also elects the Governing Body. The first conference took place in 1919: see Interwar period below. Each member state is represented by a delegation composed of two government delegates, an employer delegate, a worker delegate. All of them have individual voting rights and all votes are equal, regardless of

3608-648: The construction sector and in Correos. In December 1978 CSUT and Confederación Nacional del Trabajo agreed to hold a joint nationwide campaign against the Social Pact. As PTE moved ahead towards a merger with the Workers Revolutionary Organization (ORT), CSUT and SU (the ORT labour wing) entered into a unification process. The process however did not proceed smoothly, as there were differences regarding

3690-455: The draft Programme and Budget of the Organization for submission to the Conference, elects the Director-General, requests information from the member states concerning labour matters, appoints commissions of inquiry and supervises the work of the International Labour Office. The Governing Body is composed of 56 titular members (28 governments, 14 employers and 14 workers) and 66 deputy members (28 governments, 19 employers and 19 workers). Ten of

3772-425: The economic policy of the Felipe González government, and one on June 20, 2002, against the government of José María Aznar and its plan to change the unemployment insurance system. The current General Secretary is Ignacio Fernández Toxo . On September 29, 2010, the CCOO called a general strike to protest the José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero government's plans to raise the retirement age and cut spending. CCOO

3854-423: The election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt to the U.S. presidency, the new administration made renewed efforts to join the ILO without league membership. On 19 June 1934, the U.S. Congress passed a joint resolution authorizing the president to join ILO without joining the League of Nations as a whole. On 22 June 1934, the ILO adopted a resolution inviting the U.S. government to join the organization. On 20 August 1934,

3936-539: The executive council and decides the agency's policy and budget; and the International Labour Office, the permanent secretariat that administers the organization and implements activities. The secretariat is led by the Director-General, Gilbert Houngbo of Togo, who was elected by the Governing Body in 2022. In 1969, the ILO received the Nobel Peace Prize for improving fraternity and peace among nations, pursuing decent work and justice for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing nations. In 2019,

4018-424: The first specialized agency of the United Nations system after the demise of the League in 1946. Its constitution, as amended, includes the Declaration of Philadelphia (1944) on the aims and purposes of the organization. Beginning in the late 1950s the organization was under pressure to make provisions for the potential membership of ex-colonies which had become independent; in the Director General's report of 1963

4100-492: The future of the IFTU and the various proposals which had been made in the previous few years. The IFTU also proposed including delegates from the Central Powers as equals. Samuel Gompers , president of the AFL, boycotted the meeting, wanting the Central Powers delegates in a subservient role as an admission of guilt for their countries' role in bringing about war. Instead, Gompers favoured a meeting in Paris which would consider President Woodrow Wilson 's Fourteen Points only as

4182-407: The historical mobilizations against the permanence of Spain in NATO . CCOO asked for a "NO" vote in the NATO referendum . CCOO called 4 general strikes in the government of Felipe González : 1985, 1988, 1992 and 1994; against the economic and employment policy of the PSOE government. Especially massive and historic was the 1988 Spanish general strike , organized jointly with the UGT , which had

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4264-425: The hourly compensation in manufacturing indicator. The U.S. Department of Labor also publishes a yearly report containing a List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor issued by the Bureau of International Labor Affairs . The December 2014 updated edition of the report listed a total of 74 countries and 136 goods. The International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization (ITCILO)

4346-414: The long-term perspective. CSUT was able to make some headway in rural Andalusia and Extremadura , where it engaged in social agrarian conflicts and organized symbolic land occupations. The agrarian workers' union of CSUT was the Sindicato de Obreros del Campo , led by Gonzalo Sánchez Fernández. The union held its founding congress in Seville in September 1977. CSUT also had a significant presence in

4428-493: The meeting. The U.S. House of Representatives subsequently decided to withhold funds. The United States gave notice of full withdrawal on 6 November 1975, stating that the organization had become politicized. The United States also suggested that representation from communist countries was not truly " tripartite "—including government, workers, and employers—because of the structure of these economies. The withdrawal became effective on 1 November 1977. The United States returned to

4510-430: The needs of the potential new members were first recognized. The tensions produced by these changes in the world environment negatively affected the established politics within the organization and they were the precursor to the eventual problems of the organization with the USA. In July 1970, the United States withdrew 50% of its financial support to the ILO following the appointment of an assistant director-general from

4592-402: The new international laws. Philosophically opposed to the concept of an international parliament and convinced that international standards would lower the few protections achieved in the United States, Gompers proposed that the international labour body be authorized only to make recommendations and that enforcement be left up to the League of Nations. Despite vigorous opposition from the British,

4674-426: The obligations of the ILO constitution. Other, non-UN states can be admitted by a two-thirds vote of all delegates, including a two-thirds vote of government delegates, at any ILO General Conference. The Cook Islands, a non-UN state, joined in June 2015. Countries that had been members of the ILO under the League of Nations remained members when the organization's new constitution came into effect in 1946. The ILO

4756-415: The organization convened the Global Commission on the Future of Work, whose report made ten recommendations for governments to meet the challenges of the 21st century labour environment; these include a universal labour guarantee, social protection from birth to old age and an entitlement to lifelong learning. With its focus on international development, it is a member of the United Nations Development Group,

4838-462: The organization in 1980 after extracting some concession from the organization. It was partly responsible for the ILO's shift away from a human rights approach and towards support for the Washington Consensus . Economist Guy Standing wrote "the ILO quietly ceased to be an international body attempting to redress structural inequality and became one promoting employment equity". In 1981, the government of Poland declared martial law . It interrupted

4920-503: The organizational structure and the national question. The second congress of CSUT convened on January 31, 1980. By this time CSUT was severely weakened. CSUT was included in the Spanish delegation at the 66th conference of the International Labour Organization (1980), in spite of protests from UGT and CC.OO. Alfonso Rodríguez Casillas was the CSUT representative in the delegation. Comisiones Obreras The Workers' Commissions ( Spanish : Comisiones Obreras , CCOO ) since

5002-413: The population of the delegate's member State. The employer and worker delegates are normally chosen in agreement with the most representative national organizations of employers and workers. Usually, the workers and employers' delegates coordinate their voting. All delegates have the same rights and are not required to vote in blocs. Delegates can attend with advisers and substitute delegates, and all have

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5084-408: The revived International Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU) quickly adapted itself to this mechanism. The IFTU increasingly oriented its international activities around the lobby work of the ILO. At the time of establishment, the U.S. government was not a member of ILO, as the US Senate rejected the covenant of the League of Nations, and the United States could not join any of its agencies. Following

5166-483: The same legal force as recommendations. In 1998, the 86th International Labour Conference adopted the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work . This declaration contains four fundamental policies: The ILO asserts that its members have an obligation to work towards fully respecting these principles, embodied in relevant ILO conventions. The ILO conventions that embody the fundamental principles have now been ratified by most member states. This device

5248-414: The same rights: they can express themselves freely and vote as they wish. This diversity of viewpoints does not prevent decisions from being adopted by very large majorities or unanimously . Heads of State and prime ministers also participate in the Conference. International organizations, both governmental and others, also attend but as observers. The 109th session of the International Labour Conference

5330-609: The same time as conventions to supplement the latter with additional or more detailed provisions. In other cases recommendations may be adopted separately and may address issues separate from particular conventions. While the ILO was established as an agency of the League of Nations following World War I , its founders had made great strides in social thought and action before 1919. The core members all knew one another from earlier private professional and ideological networks, in which they exchanged knowledge, experiences, and ideas on social policy. Pre-war " epistemic communities ", such as

5412-428: The sear of the World Trade Organization ). During the Second World War the Office was temporarily relocated to McGill University in Montreal , Canada. The current seat of the ILO's headquarters is located on the Pregny hill, not far from its initial seat. The building, a biconcave rectangular block designed by Eugène Beaudoin , Pier Luigi Nervi and Alberto Camenzind , was purpose-built between 1969–1974 in

5494-499: The strikes that followed helped the legalization of the organization. In those years the union is growing rapidly in membership, like the rest of unions and leftist parties. From 1976 to 1978, CCOO went from 30,000 to 1,823,907 members. However, after the signing of the Moncloa Pacts , this figure gradually begun to descend, passing to 702,367 in 1981 and 332,019 in 1986. This negative trend in membership started to change since 1987. In those years CCOO also suffered various splits. In 1976

5576-402: The summer 1920. The first seat in Geneva was on the Pregny hill in the Ariana estate, in the building that used to host the Thudicum boarding school and currently the headquarters of the International Committee of the Red Cross . As the office grew, the Office relocated to a purpose-built headquarters by the shores of lake Leman , designed by Georges Epitaux and inaugurated in 1926 (currently

5658-406: The time, CSUT claimed a membership of 450,000 workers. CSUT published El Unitario . Prior to the congress CSUT suspended its conference in the Basque Country three times, as a result of heavy rains preventing delegates from Navarre from participating. Instead the provincial organizations were ordered to elect their congress delegates directly. The first congress for the CSUT organization in

5740-474: The titular government seats are permanently held by States of chief industrial importance: Brazil , China , France , Germany , India , Italy , Japan , the Russian Federation , the United Kingdom and the United States . The other Government members are elected by the Conference every three years (the last elections were held in June 2021). The Employer and Worker members are elected in their individual capacity. On 25 March 2022 Gilbert Fossoun Houngbo

5822-413: The working classes, conceived as compensation for labour's support during the war. Post-war reconstruction and the protection of labour unions occupied the attention of many nations during and immediately after World War I. In Great Britain, the Whitley Commission , a subcommittee of the Reconstruction Commission, recommended in its July 1918 Final Report that "industrial councils" be established throughout

5904-507: The workplaces of Spain at the time. At the Ninth Congress Ignacio Fernández Toxo was elected general secretary, surpassing by 28 votes José María Fidalgo . Between 1987 and 2000, the union's general secretary was Antonio Gutiérrez ; he was followed by José María Fidalgo (1997–2009), often criticized by the left wing of the union. The CCOO and the UGT, summoned three general strikes (1988, 1992 and 1994) against

5986-400: The world, and employs some 3,381 staff across 107 nations, of whom 1,698 work in technical cooperation programmes and projects. The ILO's standards are aimed at ensuring accessible, productive, and sustainable work worldwide in conditions of freedom, equity, security and dignity. They are set forth in 189 conventions and treaties , of which eight are classified as fundamental according to

6068-481: The world. The British Labour Party had issued its own reconstruction programme in the document titled Labour and the New Social Order . In February 1918, the third Inter-Allied Labour and Socialist Conference (representing delegates from Great Britain, France, Belgium and Italy) issued its report, advocating an international labour rights body, an end to secret diplomacy, and other goals. And in December 1918,

6150-518: Was entryism , i.e.: infiltration in the Vertical Unions of Francoism. This tactic culminated in the union elections of 1975, where CCOO got the overwhelming majority of the delegates elected in the major companies in the country. CCOO led numerous strikes and labor mobilizations in late Francoism and the Spanish Transition . Since the democratic transition until 1987 its secretary general

6232-721: Was amended to include only freedom of association. A proposed ban on the international shipment of goods made by children under the age of 16 was amended to ban goods made by children under the age of 14. A proposal to require an eight-hour work day was amended to require the eight-hour work day or the 40-hour work week (an exception was made for countries where productivity was low). Four other American proposals were rejected. Meanwhile, international delegates proposed three additional clauses, which were adopted: One or more days for weekly rest; equality of laws for foreign workers; and regular and frequent inspection of factory conditions. The Commission issued its final report on 4 March 1919, and

6314-464: Was delayed from 2020 to May 2021 and was held online because of the COVID-19 pandemic . The first meeting was on 20 May 2021 in Geneva for the election of its officers. Further sittings were held in June, November and December. The 110th session took place from 27 May to 11 June 2022. The 111th session of the International Labour Conference took place in June 2023. The ILO has 187 state members. 186 of

6396-589: Was elected Director-General of ILO. On 1 October 2022 he succeeded Guy Ryder , who was elected by the ILO Governing Body in October 2012, and re-elected for a second five-year-term in November 2016. He is the organization's first African Director-General. In 2024, a group of African countries that play a crucial role visited the International Labour Office, such as Morocco, where they held talks with

6478-502: Was elected as the chairman. Two competing proposals for an international body emerged during the Commission's meetings. The British proposed establishing an international parliament to enact labour laws which each member of the League would be required to implement. Each nation would have two delegates to the parliament, one each from labour and management. An international labour office would collect statistics on labour issues and enforce

6560-437: Was jailed, being judged in the infamous Proceso 1001 . They remained imprisoned until the trial, more than a year later. This finally took place on 20 (day that coincided with the assassination of Prime Minister Luis Carrero Blanco , which led to the suspension of the trial for a few hours), 21 and 22 December 1973. The defendants faced the accusation of belonging to an illegal and subversive organization, and of having links with

6642-467: Was reelected, what would happen again in the Second (1981) and III (1984) congresses. CCOO also was the most voted union (37.8% of the representatives) in the workers representative elections of 1978 , the first democratic ones in the history of Spain . In this last congress, different factions emerged, including a majority linked to PCE (led by Marcelino Camacho ) and three minorities, respectively linked to

6724-536: Was the historic union leader Marcelino Camacho , also a prominent leader of the PCE and deputy between 1977 and 1981. In 1976 CCOO held the Assembly of Barcelona, where the modern class trade union confederation was formed. CCOO was legalized on 27 April 1977. The murder of 5 labor lawyers in 1977 (members of the union and the PCE) in Madrid that year was followed by a massive funeral, more than 250,000 people participated, and

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