82-593: The Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship was an annual hurling tournament played between the senior hurling clubs in Connacht contested from 1970 until 2007 when it was discontinued due to a lack of meaningful opposition for the Galway champions . The Galway champions now qualify directly for the All-Ireland Senior Club Hurling Championship semi-final. Throughout the competition's existence
164-572: A samara 2.5–4.5 cm (0.98–1.77 in) long and 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) broad, often hanging in bunches through the winter; they are often called 'ash keys'. If the fruit is gathered and planted when it is still green and not fully ripe, it will germinate straight away, however once the fruit is brown and fully ripe, it will not germinate until 18 months after sowing (i.e. not until two winters have passed). European ash rarely exceeds 250 years of age. However, there are numerous specimens estimated between 200 and 250 years old and there are
246-409: A "third time in the hand", where a player catches the ball for a third time in succession after soloing or an illegal pick up of the ball. Such decisions can only be made at the discretion of the referee. Blunt injury to the larynx is an infrequent consequence of contact sports despite protective equipment and stringent rules. Hurling, one of the two national sporting games of Ireland, is seen as one of
328-411: A coarse, open grain and a density of 710 kg/m . It lacks oak 's natural resistance to decay, and is not as suitable for posts buried in the ground. Because of its high flexibility, shock resistance, and resistance to splitting, ash wood is the traditional material for bows, tool handles, especially for hammers and axes , tennis rackets , and snooker cue sticks , and it was extensively used in
410-554: A code of rules for all clubs in the union and to foster that manly and noble game of hurling in this, its native country". The founding of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) in 1884 in Hayes Hotel, Thurles, County Tipperary, ended decline by organising the game around a common set of written rules. In 1888, Tipperary represented by Thurles Blues beat Meelick of Galway to win the first All-Ireland Championship. However,
492-507: A few over 250. The largest is in Clapton Court , England and is 9 m (29.5 ft) in girth. There are several examples over 4.5 metres (14.8 ft) in Derbyshire alone. Fraxinus excelsior is native to Europe from northern Spain to Russia , and from southern Fennoscandia to northern Greece . It is also considered native in southwestern Asia from northern Turkey east to
574-574: A girth of 6 m. In Northumberland , crab and lobster pots (traps) sometimes known as 'creeves' by local people are still made from ash sticks. Because of its elasticity European ash wood was commonly used for walking sticks . Poles were cut from a coppice and the ends heated in steam. The wood could then be bent in a curved vise to form the handle of the walking stick. The light colour and attractive grain of ash wood make it popular in modern furniture such as chairs, dining tables, doors, and other architectural features and wood flooring . Ash
656-420: A goalkeeper, three full backs, three half backs, two midfielders, three half forwards and three full forwards (see diagram). The panel is made up of 24–30 players and five substitutions are allowed per game. An exception can now be made in the case of a blood substitute being necessary. Blood substitutes are a result of one player needing medical treatment for a laceration, usually stitches, and another coming on as
738-423: A hurley in their hand, must wear a helmet and faceguard at all times. Match officials will be obliged to stop play if any player at any level appears on the field of play without the necessary standard of equipment. Senior inter-county matches last 70 minutes (35 minutes per half). All other matches last 60 minutes (30 minutes per half). For teams under-13 and lower, games may be shortened to 50 minutes. Timekeeping
820-754: A large deciduous tree growing to 12–18 m (39–59 ft) (exceptionally to 43 m or 141 ft) tall with a trunk up to 2 m (6.6 ft) (exceptionally to 3.5 m or 11 ft) diameter, with a tall, narrow crown. The bark is smooth and pale grey on young trees, becoming thick and vertically fissured on old trees. The shoots are stout, greenish-grey, with jet -black buds (which distinguish it from most other ash species, which have grey or brown buds). The leaves are opposite, 20–35 cm (7.9–13.8 in) long, pinnately compound, with 7–13 leaflets with coarsely serrated margins, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 3–12 cm (1.2–4.7 in) long and 0.8–3 cm (0.31–1.18 in) broad and sessile on
902-588: A longer All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship . Pay-for-play remains controversial and the Gaelic Players Association continues to grow in strength. The inauguration of the Christy Ring Cup and Nicky Rackard Cup gave new championships and an opportunity to play in Croke Park to the weaker county teams. Further dissemination of the championship structure was completed in 2009 with the addition of
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#1733085636910984-480: A mainstream sport, especially Joe Maher, a leading expert at the sport in Boston . The Milwaukee Hurling Club , with 300 members, is the largest Hurling club in the world outside Ireland, and is made of all Americans and very few Irish immigrants. The St. Louis Gaelic Athletic Club was established in 2002 and has expanded its organization to an eight team hurling league in the spring and six team Gaelic football league in
1066-452: A player has at least one foot on the ground, he may make a shoulder-to-shoulder charge on an opponent who is in possession of the ball or is playing the ball, or when both players are moving in the direction of the ball. No protective padding is worn by players. A plastic protective helmet with a faceguard is mandatory for all age groups as of 2010. The game has been described as "a bastion of humility", with player names absent from jerseys and
1148-557: A player's number decided by his position on the field. Hurling is administered by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). It is played throughout the world and is a fixture of life in many parts of Ireland. Hurling has some popularity among members of the Irish diaspora in North America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Dubai and Argentina. It has featured regularly in art forms such as film, music and literature . The final of
1230-417: A point (wave white flag), or a goal (wave green flag). Contrary to popular belief within the association, all officials are not obliged to indicate "any misdemeanours" to the referee, but are in fact permitted to inform the referee only of violent conduct they have witnessed which has occurred without the referee's knowledge. A linesman or umpire is not permitted to inform the referee of technical fouls such as
1312-414: A score consisting of at least one goal and one point is read as simply the two numbers, so Wexford's 1–13 is read "one thirteen"; the words "goals" and "points" invariably omitted. Goals are never "converted" into points; it is incorrect to describe a score of 1–13 as "sixteen". 2–0 would be referred to as "two goals", never "two zero". Likewise, 0–10 would be referred to as "ten points", never "zero ten". 0–0
1394-502: A temporary replacement while the injured player is tended to. From 1 January 2010, the wearing of helmets with faceguards became compulsory for hurlers at all levels. This saw senior players follow the regulations already introduced in 2009 at minor and under 21 grades. The GAA hopes to significantly reduce the number of injuries by introducing the compulsory wearing of helmets with full faceguards, both in training and matches. Hurlers of all ages, including those at nursery clubs when holding
1476-570: A tour of Ireland, where they played against the County teams from Kilkenny , Tipperary , Limerick , Dublin and Wexford .Traditionally, hurling was a game played by Irish immigrants and discarded by their children. Many American hurling teams took to raising money to import players directly from Ireland. In recent years, this has changed considerably with the advent of the Internet and increased travel. The Barley House Wolves hurling team from New Hampshire
1558-433: Is an important constituent of wood pasture , a European management system in which open woodland provided shelter and forage for grazing animals. Ash was coppiced and pollarded , often in hedgerows, and evidence in the form of some huge boles with multiple trunks emerging at head height can still be seen in parts of Britain. The Glen Lyon ash is a notable example of a pollarded ash which at about 400–500 years of age achieved
1640-400: Is an outdoor team game of ancient Gaelic Irish origin, played by men and women (camogie for women). One of Ireland's native Gaelic games , it shares a number of features with Gaelic football , such as the field and goals, the number of players and much terminology . The same game played by women is called camogie ( camógaíocht ), which shares a common Gaelic root. The objective of
1722-510: Is at the discretion of the referee who adds on stoppage time at the end of each half. In 2020, water breaks were brought in after the first 15 minutes in each half. There are various solutions for knockout games that end in a draw, such as a replay, or what the rules refer to as "Winner on the Day" measures such as extra time (20 minutes), further extra time (10 more minutes), or a shoot-out. The application and details of these measures vary according to
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#17330856369101804-470: Is commonly limited by temperature and so not found at the higher colder altitudes in much of Europe, though in Iran, it may reach 2000 m asl. As a young seedling, it is shade tolerant, but older trees are light-demanding. It is an early- succession species and may well outcompete beech and oak, which are later-succession species. F. excelsior mycorrhizae are of the internal arbuscular mycorrhizal type, in which
1886-554: Is frequently referred to as "The Golden Age of Hurling". This was when members of the Anglo-Irish landed gentry kept teams of players on their estates and challenged each other's teams to matches for the amusement of their tenants. One of the first modern attempts to standardise the game with a formal, written set of rules came with the foundation of the Irish Hurling Union at Trinity College Dublin in 1879. It aimed "to draw up
1968-523: Is native throughout Britain and Ireland, particularly on limestone, as in northern Scotland, where the most northerly native ashwood in Britain occurs on limestone at Rassal Ashwood. It is widely planted elsewhere. Ash occurs on a wide range of soil types, but is particularly associated with basic soils on calcareous substrates. The most northerly ashwood in Britain is on limestone at Rassal, Wester Ross , latitude 57.4278 N. Ash prefers moister soil types and
2050-615: Is native throughout mainland Europe east to the Caucasus and Alborz mountains, and west to Great Britain and Ireland , the latter determining its western boundary. The northernmost location is in the Trondheimsfjord region of Norway . The species is widely cultivated and reportedly naturalised in New Zealand and in scattered locales in the United States and Canada . It is
2132-677: Is noted in Continental Europe, Australia, and North America. Irish immigrants began arriving in Argentina in the 19th century. The earliest reference to hurling in Argentina dates from the late 1880s in Mercedes, Buenos Aires . However, the game was not actively promoted until 1900, when it came to the attention of author and newspaperman William Bulfin . Under Bulfin's patronage, the Hurling Club
2214-459: Is said "no score". So the Wexford/Limerick match score would be read as "Wexford one thirteen, Limerick fourteen points". Players may be tackled but not struck by a one-handed slash of the stick; exceptions are two-handed jabs and strikes. Jersey-pulling, wrestling, pushing, and tripping are all forbidden. There are several forms of acceptable tackling, the most popular being: A hurling match
2296-411: Is scored, and a green flag is raised by an umpire. A goal must be scored by either a striking motion or by directly soloing the ball into the net. The goal is guarded by a goalkeeper. Scores are recorded in the format {goal total} – {point total}. For example, the 1996 All-Ireland final finished: Wexford 1–13 Limerick 0–14. Thus Wexford won by two points (1–13 being worth sixteen points). In speech,
2378-611: Is the only non-Irish team to have won the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (having captured the title in 1901 ), and after winning the 2012 Christy Ring Cup gained the right to contest the Liam MacCarthy Cup in 2013. The first ever hurling game played in the Scottish Highlands was played at Easter 2012 between CLG Micheal Breathnach and Fir Uladh, an Ulster select of Gaeiligoiri, as part of
2460-519: Is the only wood used for the manufacture of hurleys , referred to as hurls in parts of Leinster and known as a camán in Irish, the timber sticks used in the game of hurling in Ireland . Hurleys are manufactured from the butt log (bottom 1.5-m of the stem) and from trees ideally of a diameter at breast height around 25–30 cm. Only fast-grown, straight, and knot-free ash can be used for this purpose. Due to
2542-409: Is watched over by eight officials: The referee is responsible for starting and stopping play, recording the score, awarding frees, noting infractions, and issuing yellow (caution) and red (sending off) penalty cards to players after offences. A second yellow card at the same game leads to a red card, and therefore to a dismissal. Linesmen are responsible for indicating the direction of line balls to
Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship - Misplaced Pages Continue
2624-630: The Táin Bó Cuailnge (drawing on earlier legends) describes the hero Cúchulainn playing hurling at Emain Macha . Similar tales are told about Fionn Mac Cumhail and the Fianna , his legendary warrior band. Recorded references to hurling appear in many places such as the fourteenth century Statutes of Kilkenny and a fifteenth-century grave slab surviving in Inishowen , County Donegal . The eighteenth century
2706-522: The All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship was listed in second place by CNN in its "10 sporting events you have to see live", after the Olympic Games and ahead of both the FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Championship . After covering the 1959 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final between Kilkenny and Waterford for BBC Television , English football commentator Kenneth Wolstenholme
2788-433: The Caucasus and Alborz mountains. The northernmost location is in the Trondheimsfjord region of Norway . The species is widely cultivated and reportedly naturalized in New Zealand and in scattered locales in the United States and Canada including Nova Scotia , New Brunswick , Quebec , Massachusetts , Connecticut , New York , New Jersey , Maryland , Ontario , Ohio , Kentucky and British Columbia . It
2870-663: The Galway champions automatically qualified for the final. In 2007, the competition's final year, this competition was won by Portumna from Galway . The competition had long since become a formality for the Galway teams. The Mayo and Roscommon champions now compete in the Connacht Intermediate Club Hurling Championship . Sligo and Leitrim champions participate in the Connacht Junior Club Hurling Championship , again with
2952-692: The Lory Meagher Cup to make it a four tier championship. Hurling was an unofficial sport at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri , in the United States. In the final, Fenian F.C. (Chicago) USA beat Innisfails (St. Louis). This was the only time hurling was in the Olympics . Although many hurling clubs exist worldwide, only Ireland has a national team (although it includes only players from weaker counties in order to ensure matches are competitive). It and
3034-691: The Taoiseach (Prime Minister) at the time, Éamon de Valera . South African hurling continued to prosper until the outbreak of the Second World War , which caused immigration from Ireland to cease and made it impossible to import equipment. Games of hurling and Gaelic football were occasionally sponsored by the Christian Brothers schools in Boksburg and Pretoria well into the 1950s. Both games have all but ceased to be played. References to hurling on
3116-421: The sliotar between the opposition's goal posts. The posts, which are at each end of the field, are H posts as in rugby football but with a net under the crossbar as in football. The posts are 6.4 m apart and the crossbar is 2.44 m above the ground. If the ball goes over the crossbar, a point is scored and a white flag is raised by an umpire. If the ball goes below the crossbar, a goal , worth three points,
3198-498: The 13th-century Edda and other writing relating to Norse mythology , the vast ash tree Yggdrasil ("the steed ( gallows ) of Odin "), watered by three magical springs, serves as axis mundi , sustaining the nine worlds of the cosmos in its roots and branches. On the Isle of Bute in Scotland, lovers reportedly used to eat leaves of an ash tree known as the "Dreamin' Tree" that grew near
3280-582: The 1850s refer to occasional matches played in San Francisco, Hoboken and New York City. The first game of hurling played under GAA rules outside Ireland was played on Boston Common in June 1886. In 1888, there was an American tour by fifty Gaelic athletes from Ireland, known as the 'American Invasion'. This created enough interest among Irish Americans to lay the groundwork for the North American GAA . By
3362-701: The 1920s led to the foundation of the Transvaal Hurling Association in Johannesburg in 1928. Games were traditionally played in a pitch on the site of the modern day Johannesburg Central Railway Station every Easter Sunday after Mass . In 1932, a South African hurling team sailed to Ireland to compete in the Tailteann Games , where they carried a banner donated by a convent of Irish nuns in Cape Town . On their arrival, they were personally received by
Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship - Misplaced Pages Continue
3444-464: The 1977 championship as a result of Galway champions Kiltormer being handed a suspension by the Galway County Board for incidents which took place match involving the club when they were due to play in the decider. Four Roads went on to represent Connacht in that years All-Ireland semi final . Their second and final victory, won on the field of play, was a much more memorable occasion as the title
3526-624: The Celts. The earliest written references to the sport in Brehon law date from the 5th century. Seamus King's book A History of Hurling references oral history going back as far as 1200 BCE of the game being played in Tara , County Meath. Hurling is related to the games of shinty that is played primarily in Scotland, cammag on the Isle of Man and bando which was played formerly in England and Wales. The tale of
3608-474: The Galway side entering the competition at the final stage. Given traditional lack of meaningful competition for Galway within the province, the competition was, save for a handful of occasions, a formality with one-sided games being the norm. Thus it was not taken seriously by many when considered in relation to the All-Ireland stage. While the competition was dominated by the Galway sides throughout its history,
3690-685: The Hurling Festival within The Gathering events organised by Aer Lingus . This team was present in September 2013 in the city of Galway . The team consists of 21 players from Hockey and Rugby teams. Many have contributed to the return of hurling as an activity in the club. As an example we can name Alejandro Yoyo Wade, Johnny Wade, Barbie, Cecilia and Irene Scally, David Ganly, Dickie Mac Allister, Eduardo Cabrera Punter, Hernan Magrini Scally. Several Irish have participated in many opportunities to work with
3772-702: The Iomain Cholmcille festival, na Breathnaich coming out victorious. Wales has its own club, St. Colmcilles in Cardiff. Soldiers who served in the Irish Brigade during the Anglo-Boer War are believed to have played the game on the veldt . Immigrants from County Wicklow who had arrived to work in the explosives factory in Umbogintwini , KwaZulu-Natal formed a team c. 1915–16. A major burst of immigration in
3854-544: The Irish had colonised the world, nobody would ever have heard of football ". UNESCO lists hurling as an element of intangible cultural heritage . A hurling pitch is similar in some respects to a rugby pitch but larger. The grass pitch is rectangular, stretching 130–145 metres (140–160 yards) long and 80–90 m (90–100 yd) wide. There are H -shaped goalposts at each end, formed by two posts, which are usually 6–7 metres (20–23 feet) high, set 6.5 m (21 ft) apart, and connected 2.5 m (8.2 ft) above
3936-688: The North American continent date from the 1780s in modern-day Canada concerning immigrants from County Waterford and County Kilkenny , and also, in New York City. After the end of the American Revolution , references to hurling cease in American newspapers until the aftermath of the Great Famine when Irish people moved to America in huge numbers, bringing the game with them. Newspaper reports from
4018-422: The Scotland shinty team have played for many years with modified match rules (as with International Rules Football ). The match is the only such international competition. However, competition at club level has been going on around the world since the late nineteenth century thanks to emigration from Ireland, and the strength of the game has ebbed and flowed along with emigration trends. Nowadays, growth in hurling
4100-407: The construction of early aircraft. Ash was commonly used green for making chair frames which would be seated with another timber or with woven rush (e.g. those made by Philip Clissett , see also The English Regional Chair ). The parts were turned on a pole lathe or shaped with a drawknife . The practice essentially died out in the early 20th century, but has seen a revival in recent years. Ash
4182-546: The end of 1889, almost a dozen GAA clubs existed in America, many of them in and around New York City, Philadelphia and Chicago. Later, clubs were formed in Boston, Cleveland , and many other centers of Irish America. Concord, New Hampshire has its state's only hurling team, New Hampshire Wolves, sponsored by Litherman's Limited Craft Brewery. In 1910, twenty-two hurlers, composed of an equal number from Chicago and New York, conducted
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#17330856369104264-628: The fact that one newspaper dubbed the game "Two Degrees Safer Than War". Arden Street Oval in North Melbourne was used by Irish immigrants during the 1920s. The game in Australasia is administered by Australasia GAA . Hurling was brought to Great Britain in the 19th century. The game is administered by British GAA . Warwickshire and Lancashire compete at inter-county level in the Lory Meagher Cup , competing against other counties in Ireland. London
4346-1465: The fall. They also have a 30-member camogie league. Saint Louis has won two National Championships in Jr C Hurling (2004 and 2011), as well as two National Championships in Jr D Gaelic Football (2005, and 2013). The Indianapolis Hurling Club began in 2002, then reformed in 2005. In 2008, the Indy Hurling Club won the Junior C National Championship. In 2011, Indy had 7 club teams and sent a Junior B, Junior C and Camogie team to nationals. Hurling continues to grow in popularity with teams now in Knoxville, TN , Charleston, SC , Orlando, FL , Tampa, FL , Augusta, GA , Greenville, SC , Indianapolis, IN , Worcester, MA , Corvallis, OR , Akron, OH , Raleigh, NC , Concord, NH , Portland, Maine , Providence, RI , Twin Cities, MN , Madison, WI , Milwaukee, WI , Washington, DC , Hampton Roads, VA , Rochester NY , Nashville, TN , Richmond, VA , Hartford, CT , Missoula, MT , Butte, MT and Seattle, WA . The GAA have also begun to invest in American college students with university teams springing up at University of Connecticut , Stanford University , UC Berkeley , Purdue University , Indiana University , University of Montana and other schools. On 31 January 2009,
4428-458: The fastest field sports on earth and only played with a facemask and helmet as protection, making injury an unavoidable feature of the game without further padding. The two most common sites of injury in hurling are the fingers and the hamstrings. Hurling is also considered to have "a notable proportion of blunt scrotal trauma." Hurling is older than the recorded history of Ireland. It is thought to predate Christianity, having come to Ireland with
4510-472: The final stage. No Sligo or Leitrim side competed in a final throughout the competition's existence. 16 clubs will compete in the 2024 Connacht Senior Club Hurling Championship : Note: Bold indicates title-holders. The most successful team of each decade, judged by number of Connacht Championship titles, is as follows: Top three longest gaps between successive championship titles: Hurling Hurling ( Irish : iománaíocht , iomáint )
4592-415: The first ever US collegiate hurling match was held between UC Berkeley and Stanford University, organized by the newly formed California Collegiate Gaelic Athletic Association. UC Berkeley won the challenge match by one point, while Stanford won the next two CCGAA matches to win the first collegiate cup competition in the U.S. On Memorial Day Weekend of 2011, the first ever National Collegiate GAA championship
4674-535: The fungus grows within the tissues of the root and forms branched, tree-like structures within the cells of the root cortex. Unlike other Fraxinus species, F. excelsior does not form ectomycorrhizae . The Biological Records Centre of the UK records 111 species of insects and mites using ash as a food plant, of which 29 are specific to ash. A further six are specific to ash and its Oleaceae relative wild privet ( Ligustrum vulgare ). A number of Lepidoptera species use
4756-421: The game is for players to use an ash wood stick called a hurley (in Irish a camán , pronounced / ˈ k æ m ən / or / k ə ˈ m ɔː n / ) to hit a small ball called a sliotar / ˈ ʃ l ɪ t ər / between the opponent's goalposts either over the crossbar for one point or under the crossbar into a net guarded by a goalkeeper for three points. The sliotar can be caught in
4838-492: The ground by a crossbar. A net extending behind the goal is attached to the crossbar and lower goal posts. The same pitch is used for Gaelic football ; the GAA, which organises both sports, decided this to facilitate dual usage. Lines are marked at distances of 13 metres, 20 metres and 59 metres (41 metres for Gaelic football) from each end-line. Shorter pitches and smaller goals are used by youth teams. Teams consist of fifteen players:
4920-425: The hand and carried for not more than four steps, struck in the air or struck on the ground with the hurley. It can be kicked, or slapped with an open hand (the hand pass), for short-range passing. A player who wants to carry the ball for more than four steps has to bounce or balance the sliotar on the end of the stick (solo), and the ball can be handled only twice while in the player's possession. Provided that
5002-803: The host tree in the wooded meadows of Gotland , Sweden. The genome of Fraxinus excelsior is being sequenced by two groups of scientists in the United Kingdom. A group at Queen Mary University of London led by Richard Buggs are sequencing the self-pollinated offspring of a tree from Worcestershire , held by the Earth Trust . A group at the John Innes Centre and The Genome Analysis Centre led by Allan Downie are sequencing "Tree 35" from Denmark , discovered by Erik Kjær, which has survived 8 years of ash dieback. The resilience and rapid growth made it an important resource for smallholders and farmers. It
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#17330856369105084-507: The hurling match attracted a crowd of five hundred Irish immigrants, while the Orange march shivered out of existence. Several hurling clubs existed in Victoria in the 1870s including Melbourne, Collingwood, Upper Yarra, Richmond and Geelong. In 1885, a game between two Sydney-based teams took place before a crowd of over ten thousand spectators. Reportedly, the contest was greatly enjoyed despite
5166-403: The importance of the match and the difficulty of scheduling possible replays, and can change from year to year. The general trend is that the GAA have been trying to reduce the need for replays, to ease scheduling. The following are considered technical fouls ("fouling the ball"): Can be deliberate or accidental, often accompanied by a card. They are as follows: Scoring is achieved by sending
5248-575: The lack of available ash in Ireland, over 75% of the timber needed to produce the 350,000 hurleys required for the game annually must be imported, mostly from Eastern European countries. The importance of ash timber to the game of hurling is reflected in the fact that the game is referred to all over Ireland as "The Clash of the Ash". Ash is valuable as firewood because it burns well even when 'green' (freshly cut). Ash bark and leaves are used in modern herbal medicine for its astringent and laxative properties. In
5330-413: The leaf rachis . There are no stipules . These features distinguish ash from mountain ash ( Sorbus aucuparia ) in which the leaves are alternate with paired stipules. The leaves are often among the last to open in spring, and the first to fall in autumn if an early frost strikes; they often fall dull green or develop a bright yellow autumn colour. The flowers are borne in short panicles , open before
5412-405: The leaf) which leads to a brown blotch with black frass . Later, two successive cones are formed by folding the tip of a leaf downwards. In Britain, 14 galls have been recorded on ash. The British Plant Gall Society defines a gall as "... an abnormal growth produced by a plant under the influence of another organism". Ash dieback is caused by the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus which
5494-400: The leaves, and have no perianth . The female flowers are somewhat longer than the male flowers, dark purple, without petals, and are wind-pollinated. Both male and female flowers can occur on the same tree, but it is more common to find all male and all female trees. A tree that is all male one year can produce female flowers the next, and similarly a female tree can become male. The fruit is
5576-722: The local community. The last time that hurling was played in Argentina was in 1980, when the Aer Lingus Hurling Club conducted a three-week tour of the country and played matches at several locations. Since 2009, with the realization of several Summers Camps and the visit of the All Stars in December, hurling returned to be a frequent activity at the Hurling Club, where many boys and young men have since been trained and taught to play. The Hurling Club have even been invited to take part in
5658-414: The media attention and population multiplication of Thurles town ahead of one of the game's annual provincial hurling finals as being "the rough equivalent of 30 million Americans watching a regional lacrosse game". Financial Times columnist Simon Kuper wrote after Stephen Bennett 's performance in the 2020 All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship Final that hurling was "the best sport ever and if
5740-411: The referee and also for conferring with the referee. The fourth official is responsible for overseeing substitutions, and also indicating the amount of stoppage time (signalled to him by the referee) and the players substituted using an electronic board. The umpires are responsible for judging the scoring. They indicate to the referee whether a shot was: wide (spread both arms), a 65 m puck (raise one arm),
5822-418: The skills and education: Jonathan Lynch, Kevin O'Connors and Michael Connery, who currently works with the team's training to participate in the Aer Lingus International Hurling Festival. The earliest reference to hurling in Australia is related in the book "Sketches of Garryowen". On 12 July 1844, a match took place at Batman's Hill in Melbourne as a counterpoint to a march by the Orange Order . Reportedly,
5904-421: The species as a food source. One example of an ash-specific feeding moth is the centre-barred sallow ( Atethmia centrago ). The larvae burrow into the buds when newly hatched and later feed on the flowers and leaves. A common moth which causes the browning of ash leaves, as well as garden privet and lilac , is Gracillaria syringella . The usually gregarious larvae form an epidermal gallery (i.e. feed within
5986-467: The title left the county three times in all, with Roscommon providing the winners on these occasions with Four Roads winning two titles in 1977 and 1988, while Tremane won their sole title in 1976. Tremane won their title courtesy of a shock win over Kiltormer on a scoreline of 2-7 to 1-9, and went on to play the well renowned Glen Rovers of Cork in the All-Ireland semi final . Four Roads were awarded
6068-473: The twentieth century saw Cork , Kilkenny as well as Tipperary dominate hurling with each of these counties winning more than 20 All-Ireland titles each. Wexford , Waterford , Clare , Limerick , Offaly , Antrim , Dublin , and Galway were also strong hurling counties during the twentieth century. As hurling entered the new millennium, it has remained Ireland's second most popular sport behind Gaelic football . An extended qualifier system resulted in
6150-410: Was formed on 15 July 1900, leading to teams being established in different neighborhoods of Buenos Aires and the surrounding farming communities. Games of hurling were played every weekend until 1914 and received frequent coverage from Argentina's Spanish language newspapers, such as La Nación . After the outbreak of World War I , it became almost impossible to obtain hurleys from Ireland. An attempt
6232-462: Was formed when U.S. soldiers returning from Iraq saw a hurling game on the television in Shannon Airport as their plane refuelled. Outside of the traditional North American GAA cities of New York, Boston, Chicago and San Francisco, clubs are springing up in other places where they consist of predominantly American-born players who bring a new dimension to the game and actively seek to promote it as
6314-462: Was made to use native Argentine mountain ash, but it proved too heavy and lacking in pliability. Although the game was revived after the end of the war, the golden age of Argentine hurling had passed. World War II finally brought the era to its close. In the aftermath of the Second World War, immigration from Ireland slowed to a trickle. In addition, native born Irish-Argentines assimilated into
6396-410: Was moved to describe hurling as his second favourite sport in the world. Alex Ferguson used footage of an All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship final in an attempt to motivate his players during his time as manager of Premier League football club Manchester United . The players winced at the standard of physicality and intensity in which the hurlers engaged. In 2007, Forbes magazine described
6478-419: Was played. The Indiana University Hurling Club won all matches of the tournament, and won by four points in the championship final to be crowned the first ever U.S. National Collegiate Champions . Fraxinus excelsior Fraxinus excelsior , known as the ash , or European ash or common ash to distinguish it from other types of ash , is a flowering plant species in the olive family Oleaceae . It
6560-489: Was previously known as Chalara fraxinea . Research into the genetics of the resistance of ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) has shown that resistance does occur in European populations, but at least for the samples tested, it is neither common nor strong. Due to the importance of F. excelsior as a host, Jönsson and Thor 2012 find that rare/threatened lichens face an unusually high (0.38) coextinction risk probability vis-a-vis
6642-410: Was probably the most versatile wood in the countryside with wide-ranging uses. Until World War II , the trees were often coppiced on a 10-year cycle to provide a sustainable source of timber for fuel and poles for building and woodworking. The colour of the wood ranges from creamy white to light brown, and the heart wood may be a darker olive-brown. Ash timber is hard, tough and very hard-wearing, with
6724-568: Was wrestled from the Galway champions Abbeyknockmoy at a time when Galway hurling was riding the crest of a wave, having just won back to back All-Ireland hurling titles in 1988. Like their previous All-Ireland semi final appearance, they were up against Wexford opposition, this time in the form of Buffers Alley , but lost out on a scoreline of 2-19 to 0-9. Mayo side Toureen reached the final on numerous occasions, most recently in 1999 when they lost to eventual All-Ireland champions Athenry , while Ballina and Ballyhaunis made sole appearances for Mayo at
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