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78-699: At the same time as ordering the Shinkansen -based CRH2A and the Pendolino -based CRH5A , the Chinese Ministry of Railways ordered Bombardier-based CRH1, specifically 20 CRH1A trainsets in June 2007 and an additional 20 CRH1A trains, each with eight cars that have total standard capacity of 670 people. The total value of the order is €560 million. In July 2010, a further 40 CRH1A eight-car trains were ordered. CRH1A and CRH1B are based on Bombardier's Regina family . The train

156-550: A 25 kV AC overhead power supply (20 kV AC on Mini-shinkansen lines), to overcome the limitations of the 1,500 V direct current used on the existing electrified narrow-gauge system. Power is distributed along the train's axles to reduce the heavy axle loads under single power cars. The AC frequency of the power supply for the Tokaido Shinkansen is 60 Hz. Shinkansen trains are electric multiple units (EMUs), offering fast acceleration, deceleration and reduced damage to

234-518: A 387.5 km (241 mi) section of the Tōhoku Shinkansen ). Test runs have reached 443 km/h (275 mph) for conventional rail in 1996, and up to a world record 603 km/h (375 mph) for SCMaglev trains in April 2015. The original Tokaido Shinkansen, connecting Tokyo , Nagoya , and Osaka , three of Japan's largest cities, is one of the world's busiest high-speed rail lines. In

312-596: A 6-person soft seat private room. At the same time, the CRH1E-NG EMU has also added some humanized facilities: for example, the even-numbered carriages are equipped with three toilets, and the lighting is optimized. In order to avoid unnecessary waste, the original CRH1E dining car (CA) was changed to a dining car with soft sleepers (WRC). The CRH380D is also derived from the Bombardier Zefiro family ( Zefiro 380 ) of very high-speed EMUs and are not direct derivatives of

390-514: A bullet and its high speed. The Shinkansen name was first formally used in 1940 for a proposed standard gauge passenger and freight line between Tokyo and Shimonoseki that would have used steam and electric locomotives with a top speed of 200 km/h (120 mph). Over the next three years, the Ministry of Railways drew up more ambitious plans to extend the line to Beijing (through a tunnel to Korea ) and even Singapore , and build connections to

468-437: A concern for residents living close to tunnel portals. The slab track consists of rails, fasteners and track slabs with a cement asphalt mortar. On the roadbed and in tunnels, circular upstands, measuring 400–520 mm (16–20 inches) in diameter and 200 mm (7.9 inches) high, are located at 5-metre intervals. The prefabricated upstands are made of either reinforced concrete or pre-stressed reinforced concrete; they prevent

546-535: A dispute between JR East and JR Central about the use of the two platforms which were added to the Tokaido line's half of Tokyo station. Before JNR's privatization, they were conceived as being shared with the Tohoku line, and their construction used funds allocated to the Tohoku line's extension to Tokyo; however, the extension was finished after privatization, by which time the platforms were owned by JR Central. Therefore, there

624-499: A high ride quality and less electrical equipment. ) In Japan, significant engineering desirability exists for the electric multiple unit configuration. A greater proportion of motored axles permits higher acceleration, so the Shinkansen does not lose as much time if stopping frequently. Shinkansen lines have more stops in proportion to their lengths than high-speed lines elsewhere in the world. The main Shinkansen lines are: In practice,

702-579: A low-interest loan of US$ 80 million from the World Bank . Initial estimates, however, were understated and the actual cost was about 380 billion yen. As the budget shortfall became clear in 1963, Sogo resigned to take responsibility. A test facility for rolling stock, called the Kamonomiya Model Section, opened in Odawara in 1962. The Tōkaidō Shinkansen began service on 1 October 1964, in time for

780-459: A maximum speed of 130 km/h (80 mph), and 10.3 km (6.4 mi) of spur lines with Shinkansen services. The network links most major cities on the islands of Honshu and Kyushu , and connects to Hakodate on the northern island of Hokkaido . An extension to Sapporo is under construction and scheduled to open in March 2031. The maximum operating speed is 320 km/h (200 mph) (on

858-662: A minimum curve radius of 4,000 m (13,123 ft) (2,500 m (8,202 ft) on the oldest Tōkaidō Shinkansen). The Shinkansen uses 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ) standard gauge in contrast to the 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) narrow gauge of most other lines in Japan. Continuous welded rail and swingnose crossing points are employed, eliminating gaps at turnouts and crossings. Long rails are used, joined by expansion joints to minimize gauge fluctuation due to thermal elongation and shrinkage. A combination of ballasted and slab track

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936-672: A passenger committed suicide on board a Shinkansen train by setting himself on fire, killing another passenger and seriously injuring seven other people. There have been two derailments of Shinkansen trains in passenger service. The first one occurred during the Chūetsu earthquake on 23 October 2004 . Eight of ten cars of the Toki No. 325 train on the Jōetsu Shinkansen derailed near Nagaoka Station in Nagaoka, Niigata . There were no casualties among

1014-422: A range of advanced technology compared with conventional rail, achieving not only high speed but also a high standard of safety and comfort. Its success has influenced other railways in the world, demonstrating the importance and advantages of high-speed rail . Shinkansen routes never intersect with slower, narrow-gauge conventional lines (except mini-shinkansen , which runs along these older lines). Consequently,

1092-400: A standard-gauge rail has a curve with a maximum speed of 145 km/h (90 mph), the same curve on narrow-gauge rail will have a maximum allowable speed of 130 km/h (81 mph). Consequently, Japan had a greater need for new high-speed lines than countries where the existing standard gauge or broad gauge rail system had more upgrade potential. Among the key people credited with

1170-659: A trainset in order to perform high-speed tests. This train gave designers the confidence that they could safely build an even faster standard gauge train. Thus the first Shinkansen, the 0 series, was built on the success of the Romancecar. In the 1950s, the Japanese national attitude was that as was happening in the United States, railways would soon be outdated and replaced by air travel and highways. However, Shinji Sogō , President of Japanese National Railways , insisted strongly on

1248-523: A transformer and its own power supply. Typically, the end cars of each 4-car unit have powered bogies, with the two middle cars being unpowered. The pantograph is located on one of the unpowered cars. The specifications for all current designs (2009) describe asynchronous three-phase motors, with forced air cooling. However, Bombardier also offers the option of permanent-magnet synchronous motors (which it groups in its "ECO4" energy-saving technologies), which were tested on modified Regina trains in 2008 on

1326-552: A wide (3.4 m or 11 ft 2 in) widths. In December 2021 Alstom announced plans to transfer the intellectual property and business activities associated with the Zefiro V300 to Hitachi Rail . This was a condition of Alstom's acquisition of Bombardier put in place by the European Commission in order to remain compliant with EU competition law . The transaction was completed on 1 July 2022. The Zefiro trainset

1404-580: Is (CRH 1 —xxxA), and now it is changed to (CRH1A-1xxx). Production EMUs after that date are in accordance with the new regulations. In September 2012, The MOR issued a revision in the Zefiro contract, which calls for the order of an additional 106 eight car Zefiro 250 (46 sets) and Zefiro 250NG (60 sets) train sets in lieu of the cancellation of the 16 car Zefiro 380 sets. The NG variant is a new model, which will use new materials in order to achieve weight reductions and more efficient operation. On October 31, 2007,

1482-515: Is 250 km/h (155 mph), but in fact the maximum speed of the initial 40 sets in operation is always restricted by the software of computer control system, so the maximum speed in service is 220 km/h (137 mph). The first units (CRH 1 -001A) were delivered on August 30, 2006, the CRH1A sets started service from February 1, 2007 at the Guangzhou -Shenzhen Railway. The 2 problems of this train

1560-425: Is a conventional (non-inter-coach articulated) single-deck electrical-multiple-unit high-speed train. It consists of powered and unpowered cars, with motorized power cars at either end. Car bodies are constructed of aluminium, with the exception of the wide-bodied Zefiro 250 trains, which have stainless steel bodies. They have customisable open-plan layouts. Trains are made up of 4-car units, each of which contains

1638-549: Is currently missing. As of April 2018, 260 CRH1 series EMU and 85 CRH380D series EMU are in service. Guangshengang XRL Shinkansen The Shinkansen ( Japanese : 新幹線 , [ɕiŋkaꜜɰ̃seɴ] , lit.   ' new trunk line ' ) , colloquially known in English as the bullet train , is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan . It was initially built to connect distant Japanese regions with Tokyo ,

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1716-455: Is estimated at €1.3 billion. Under China Railways' use these trains have been designated CRH1C (8-car set) and CRH1D (16-car set). which was in December 2010 revised to CRH380C and CRH380CL and once again to CRH380D (8-car set) & CRH380DL (16-car set) according to the new numbering system. As of September 2012, the order has been amended to include only seventy 8-car sets, designated as

1794-489: Is greater than 0.6 m/s (1.3 mph/s), with a 16-car train weight of 859  t (845 long tons ; 947 short tons ) and an axle load of 16.5 t (16.2 long tons; 18.2 short tons), bogie type is that found on the Regina with 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) wheelbase with 63% of axles motorized. In July 2010, the Ministry of Railways ordered 40 more 8-car 250 km/h (155 mph) CRH1E Zefiro high-speed trains from

1872-525: Is intended for European operations, with a UIC profile , and capable of being fitted for use on all four European electrification schemes (1.5 & 3 kV DC, 15 & 25 kV AC). Bogies are FLEXX type with a 2.85 m (9 ft 4 in) wheelbase, 50% of which are motorized. Starting acceleration is greater than 0.60 m/s (1.3 mph/s). It has an axle load of approximately 17  t (16.7 long tons ; 18.7 short tons ). Two 8-car sets can be joined together to form one longer train. A variant of

1950-714: Is no through service between those lines. All northbound services from Tokyo travel along the Tohoku Shinkansen until at least Ōmiya before splitting off towards Sendai or Takasaki. Two further lines, known as Mini-shinkansen , have also been constructed by re-gauging and upgrading existing sections of line: There are two standard-gauge lines not technically classified as Shinkansen lines but run Shinkansen trains as they use tracks leading to Shinkansen storage/maintenance yards: The following lines are under construction. These lines except Chūō Shinkansen , called Seibi Shinkansen  [ ja ] or planned Shinkansen , are

2028-769: Is that this train is made out of stainless steel, so when the train go through tunnels, the passenger with have some ear sensitivity. This train had been given a nickname, big metro. The seats can't turn around, so half of the passengers have backward seats. The only good thing is that having fixed chairs with have more space, so CRH1A has can carry the most people. In July 2010, the Chinese MOR ordered additional 40 sets of CRH1A, The designed top operating speed increased to 250 km/h (155 mph), In September 2010, during test run at Qinshen PDL, top speed of CRH 1 -081A reach 278 km/h (173 mph). From July 1, 2014, all CRH series EMU numbers have been changed. The original number

2106-490: Is used today in English-language announcements and signage. Japan was the first country to build dedicated railway lines for high-speed travel. Because of the mountainous terrain, the existing network consisted of 1,067 mm ( 3 ft 6 in ) narrow-gauge lines, which generally took indirect routes and could not be adapted to higher speeds due to technical limitations of narrow-gauge rail. For example, if

2184-431: Is used, with slab track exclusively employed on concrete bed sections such as viaducts and tunnels. Slab track is significantly more cost-effective in tunnel sections, since the lower track height reduces the cross-sectional area of the tunnel, reducing construction costs up to 30%. However, the smaller diameter of Shinkansen tunnels, compared to some other high-speed lines, has resulted in the issue of tunnel boom becoming

2262-571: The Zefiro 250 , which has a top operating speed of 250 km/h (155 mph) and is for the moment wholly manufactured in China; the Zefiro 300 , which has a top operating speed of 300 km/h (190 mph) but design speed up to 400 km/h (250 mph); and the Zefiro 380 , which has a top operating speed of 350 km/h (220 mph) and design speed up to 380 km/h (240 mph). As of 2024, Zefiro 250, 380 and Express have become part of

2340-662: The 0 series , ran at speeds of up to 210 km/h (130 mph), later increased to 220 km/h (137 mph). The last of these trains, with their classic bullet-nosed appearance, were retired on 30 November 2008. A driving car from one of the 0 series trains was donated by JR West to the National Railway Museum in York , United Kingdom in 2001. The Tōkaidō Shinkansen's rapid success prompted an extension westward to Okayama , Hiroshima and Fukuoka (the San'yō Shinkansen ), which

2418-539: The HS2 rolling stock tender for its first phase, for which it was awarded the contract for 54 trainsets. In September 2009, Bombardier announced an order for eighty Zefiro 380 high-speed trains by the Chinese Ministry of Railways (MOR) to be produced at Bombardier's joint venture Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd . The order of twenty 8-car sets and sixty 16-car sets was estimated to be worth 27.4 billion RMB (approx €2.7 billion or $ 4 billion). The value of Bombardier's share

China Railway CRH1 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2496-730: The Narita Sky Access Line which opened in 2010, and the Keiyo Line reused space originally set aside for the Narita Shinkansen terminus at Tokyo Station . Although the Sky Access Line uses standard-gauge track, it was not built to Shinkansen specifications and there are no plans to convert it into a full Shinkansen line. Many Shinkansen lines were proposed during the boom of the early 1970s but have yet to be constructed and have subsequently been shelved indefinitely. In addition,

2574-498: The Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd joint venture. In September 2012, based on a modified contract with Bombardier, the MOR ordered an additional 106 8-car trains, 60 of which are to be a new variant, designated the Zefiro 250NG. This variant is an evolution of the original, and will utilize different materials in order to provide weight savings and more efficient operation. The Zefiro 300

2652-582: The Trans-Siberian Railway and other trunk lines in Asia. These plans were abandoned in 1943 as Japan's position in World War II worsened. However, some construction did commence on the line; several tunnels on the present-day Shinkansen date to the war-era project. Following the end of World War II, high-speed rail was forgotten for several years while traffic of passengers and freight steadily increased on

2730-677: The Tōhoku Shinkansen ; only the Shanghai maglev train , China Railway High-speed networks, and the Indonesian Jakarta-Bandung High-speed railway have commercial services that operate faster. Since 1970, development has also been underway for the Chūō Shinkansen , a planned maglev line from Tokyo to Osaka. On 21 April 2015, a seven-car L0 series maglev trainset set a world speed record of 603 km/h (375 mph). To enable high-speed operation, Shinkansen uses

2808-431: The first Tokyo Olympics . The conventional Limited Express service took six hours and 40 minutes from Tokyo to Osaka, but the Shinkansen made the trip in just four hours, shortened to three hours and ten minutes by 1965. It enabled day trips between Tokyo and Osaka, the two largest metropolises in Japan, significantly changed the style of business and life of the Japanese people, and increased new traffic demand. The service

2886-554: The locomotive (also known as power car) configuration with the Renfe Class 102 and continues with it for the Talgo AVRIL because it is not possible to use powered bogies as part of Talgo's bogie design, which uses a modified Jacobs bogie with a single axle instead of two and allows the wheels to rotate independently of each other, on the ICE 2, TGV and KTX it is because it easily allows for

2964-474: The "Green Train" ( Swedish : Gröna Tåget ). The first variant of the Zefiro concept to be produced was a series of twenty 16-car EMU sleeper trains produced by Bombardier's joint venture Sifang Power (Qingdao) Transportation (BSP), which were delivered from 2009. These trains were the first high-speed train licensed to be manufactured in China as well as the fastest sleeper trains in the world. China Railways designated them as CRH1E. Starting acceleration

3042-636: The 154 passengers. Another derailment happened on 2 March 2013 on the Akita Shinkansen when the Komachi No. 25 train derailed in blizzard conditions in Daisen, Akita . No passengers were injured. In the event of an earthquake, an earthquake detection system can bring the train to a stop very quickly; newer trainsets are lighter and have stronger braking systems, allowing for quicker stopping. New anti-derailment devices were installed on tracks after analysis of

3120-680: The Avelia Stream high speed train family. Bombardier Transportation and its predecessor companies produced a variety of high-speed trainsets, as part collaborations with other conglomerates, such as the Intercity-Express family of locomotives (Germany), AVE Class 102 , RENFE class 130 (Spain), ICN (Switzerland), the Acela express (USA), and parts of the TGV Duplex , Eurostar , Thalys , and ETR 500 trainsets (Europe various). Additionally

3198-565: The Basic Plan specified that the Jōetsu Shinkansen should start from Shinjuku , not Tokyo Station , which would have required building an additional 30 km (19 mi) of track between Shinjuku and Ōmiya. While no construction work was ever started, land along the proposed track, including an underground section leading to Shinjuku Station, remains reserved. If capacity on the Tokyo–Ōmiya section proves insufficient at some point, construction of

China Railway CRH1 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3276-617: The CRH1A-A, which also belongs to the Bombardier ZEFIRO platform. In addition, the original stainless steel body was changed to an aluminum alloy body to improve the air tightness of the car body. The train consists of 16 cars with 10 motors and 6 tractors and a power of 11,000kW. The maximum operating speed is 250km/h, and the maximum test speed is 280km/h. CRH1E-NG is designed as a sleeper EMU, mainly running at night, but in actual situations, it will run some short-distance EMUs (it once carried

3354-584: The CRH380D and additional 46 Zefiro 250 and 60 Zefiro 250NG. All the 85 trainsets have been delivered and are currently operated by Shanghai Railway Bureau & Chengdu Railway Bureau. In 2018, Swedish regional transport authority Västtrafik ordered 40 new trains (originally designated during tendering as EMU200, now designated as X80 ) in 2018, later increased to 45 trains, of a new model capable of 200 km/h (125 mph). They have three cars and are around 80 metres (262 ft 6 in) long. First delivery

3432-496: The Chinese MOR ordered 20 sets of CRH1B trains (CRH 1 -041B～CRH 1 -060B). CRH1B is a fleet-extended CRH1A. Each CRH1B consists of 16 cars, including three first class coaches (ZY), 12 second class coaches (ZE) and one dining car (CA). CRH1B, however, have not such restriction on the operational speed, the maximum speed is still 250 km/h (155 mph). CRH1B first come into commercial use in April 2009, between Shanghai–Nanjing & Shanghai–Hangzhou. On July 23, 2011, CRH1-046B

3510-706: The Jōetsu derailment. Several months after the exposure of the Kobe Steel falsification scandal , which is among the suppliers of high-strength steel for Shinkansen trainsets, cracks were found upon inspection of a single bogie , and removed from service on 11 December 2017. Bombardier Zefiro#Zefiro 380 Zefiro is a family of high-speed passenger trains designed by Bombardier Transportation (now Alstom ) whose variants have top operating speeds of between 250 km/h (155 mph); 380 km/h (240 mph) and 400 km/h (250 mph). The family consists of:

3588-520: The L0 series could be a passenger train. The Shinkansen is very reliable thanks to several factors, including its near-total separation from slower traffic. There are separate laws governing interfering with or otherwise obstructing Shinkansen trains, tracks, or its operation. In 2016, JR Central reported that the Shinkansen's average delay from schedule per train was 24 seconds. This includes delays due to uncontrollable causes, such as natural disasters. Over

3666-504: The Regina type trains from which the CRH1A and CRH1B classes are derived. This is the only high-speed rail that doesn't have a 16-car version without connecting 2 trains into 1. Top speed is advertised at 380 km/h (236 mph). The eight-car version is designated CRH380D, series number CRH380D-1501 ～ CRH380D-1585. Power Destination Coach Type CRH1A-1081～1085, 1091～1093, 1105, 1110～1116, 1120, and CRH1A-1121～1166, information

3744-609: The Shinjuku–Ōmiya link may be reconsidered. In December 2009, then transport minister Seiji Maehara proposed a bullet train link to Haneda Airport , using an existing spur that connects the Tōkaidō Shinkansen to a train depot. JR Central called the plan "unrealistic" due to tight train schedules on the existing line, but reports said that Maehara wished to continue discussions on the idea. The succeeding minister has not indicated whether this proposal remains supported. While

3822-540: The Shinkansen projects designated in the Basic Plan of the Shinkansen Railway  [ ja ] decided by the government. The Narita Shinkansen project to connect Tokyo to Narita International Airport , initiated in the 1970s but halted in 1983 after landowner protests, has been officially cancelled and removed from the Basic Plan governing Shinkansen construction. Parts of its planned right-of-way were used by

3900-500: The Shinkansen's 60-plus year history, carrying over 10 billion passengers, there have been no passenger fatalities due to train accidents such as derailments or collisions, despite frequent earthquakes and typhoons. Injuries and a single fatality have been caused by doors closing on passengers or their belongings; attendants are employed at platforms to prevent such accidents. There have, however, been suicides by passengers jumping both from and in front of moving trains. On 30 June 2015,

3978-526: The Tokaido, San'yō, and Kyushu lines form a contiguous west/southbound line from Tokyo, as train services run between the Tokaido and San'yō lines and between the San'yō and Kyushu lines, though the lines are operated by different companies. The Tokaido Shinkansen tracks are not physically connected to the lines of the Tohoku Shinkansen at Tokyo Station, as they use different electrification standards, signaling systems, and earthquake mitigation devices. There also exists

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4056-507: The Zefiro 300 was offered by Bombardier in association with AnsaldoBreda to Trenitalia , the Italian national railway service, as part of a bid for 50 new high-speed trainsets in 2010. Trenitalia selected this bid as the winner on 5 August 2010. These entered service in 2015 and are designated Frecciarossa 1000 . An evolution of the Zefiro 300 platform was also offered by a joint venture between Bombardier (later Alstom) and Hitachi Rail for

4134-725: The capital, to aid economic growth and development. Beyond long-distance travel, some sections around the largest metropolitan areas are used as a commuter rail network. It is owned by the Japan Railway Construction, Transport and Technology Agency and operated by five Japan Railways Group companies. Starting with the Tokaido Shinkansen (515.4 km; 320.3 mi) in 1964, the network has expanded to consist of 2,951.3 km (1,833.9 mi) of lines with maximum speeds of 260–320 km/h (160–200 mph), 283.5 km (176.2 mi) of Mini-shinkansen lines with

4212-514: The company has independently produced high-speed trainsets for specific markets, such as CRH1 , "Xinshisu" (China), X 2000 , Regina (Sweden) and Class 71 (Norway). In November 2005 Bombardier launched its general solution, the Zefiro single-deck train for high-speed rail lines, available in 4-, 8-,12- or 16-car sets, capable of being configured for a variety of supply voltages, and produced in either standard (2.9 m or 9 ft 6 in) or

4290-578: The construction of the first Shinkansen are Hideo Shima , the Chief Engineer, and Shinji Sogō , the first President of Japanese National Railways (JNR) who managed to persuade politicians to back the plan. Other significant people responsible for its technical development were Tadanao Miki, Tadashi Matsudaira, and Hajime Kawanabe based at the Railway Technical Research Institute (RTRI), part of JNR. They were responsible for much of

4368-528: The conventional Tōkaidō Main Line along with the reconstruction of Japanese industry and economy. By the mid-1950s the Tōkaidō Line was operating at full capacity, and the Ministry of Railways decided to revisit the Shinkansen project. In 1957, Odakyu Electric Railway introduced its 3000 series SE Romancecar train, setting a world speed record of 145 km/h (90 mph) for a narrow gauge train when JNR leased

4446-525: The conventional loading gauge for 1,067mm lines still applies on mini-Shinkansen lines. The Shinkansen has used EMUs from the outset, with the 0 Series Shinkansen having all axles powered. Other railway manufacturers were traditionally reluctant or unable to use distributed traction configurations ( Talgo , the German ICE 2 and the French (and subsequently South Korean) TGV (and KTX-I and KTX-Sancheon ) use

4524-709: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic ), rail projects in the vicinity of Haneda Airport, including the Haneda Airport Access Line and the Tokyo Rinkai Subway Line , continue to undergo planning. Originally intended to carry passenger trains by day and freight trains by night, the Shinkansen lines carried exclusively passengers for the first five and a half decades of their operation. Lght freight has been carried on some passenger services since 2019, and there are plans to expand this with freight-only trains in

4602-718: The fleet will operate, including temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius and snow drifts up to 80cm deep. They are equipped with a winter package including an uprated propulsion system, a single-axle drive and enhanced slip-slide regulation. The bodyshells were manufactured by Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd in China with final fit-out of all other components performed at the Hennigsdorf works in Germany. The trains have been thoroughly temperature tested already, and will be tested further in Sweden during winter 2022. In 2023, it

4680-896: The future. The system shuts down between midnight and 06:00 every day for maintenance. Japan's few remaining overnight passenger trains run on the older, narrow-gauge network that the Shinkansen parallels. There are three principal service types on the Shinkansen: Trains are up to sixteen cars long. With each car measuring 25 m (82 ft) in length, the longest trains are 400 m ( 1 ⁄ 4  mile) end to end. Stations are similarly long to accommodate these trains. Some of Japan's high-speed maglev trains are considered Shinkansen, while other slower maglev trains (such as Linimo , serving local communities in and nearby Nagoya , Aichi Prefecture ) are intended as alternatives to conventional urban rapid transit systems. These trains were and are used only for experimental runs, though

4758-461: The high cost of building the Shinkansen network. By the early 1980s, the company was practically insolvent, leading to its privatization in 1987. Development of the Shinkansen by the privatised regional JR companies has continued, with new train models developed, each generally with its own distinctive appearance (such as the 500 series introduced by JR West ). Since 2014, Shinkansen trains run regularly at speeds up to 320 km/h (200 mph) on

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4836-453: The highest annual passenger ridership (a maximum of 386 million in 2007) of any high-speed rail network until 2011, when the Chinese high-speed railway network surpassed it at 370 million passengers annually, reaching over 2.9 billion annual passengers in 2023. Shinkansen ( 新幹線 ) in Japanese means 'new trunk line' or 'new main line', but this word is used to describe both the railway lines

4914-464: The luxury sleeper replaced with normal sleepers. The other five ended up being CRH1Bs, this time based on the CRH1E design (instead of CRH1A). Later on five additional CRH1Es (based on the CRH1A-A design) have also been manufactured and delivered. CRH1E-NG (NG=New Generation), or CRH1E-250 was introduced in December 2015 as supplemental trains to the first-generation CRH1E. The head shape resembled similar to

4992-452: The more common 4-abreast (2+2) seating usually found elsewhere. On occasions, this wider loading gauge was also used to allow 6-abreast seating (3+3) on certain trains, such as the E1 and E4 series sets. This, combined with a lack of power cars, allows for a higher passenger capacity within a shorter train length. However, since mini-Shinkansen lines are effectively track-regauged conventional lines,

5070-444: The one-year period preceding March 2017, it carried 159 million passengers, and since its opening more than six decades ago, it has transported more than 6.4 billion total passengers. At peak times, the line carries up to 16 trains per hour in each direction with 16 cars each (1,323-seat capacity and occasionally additional standing passengers) with a minimum headway of three minutes between trains. The Shinkansen network of Japan had

5148-591: The plan may become more feasible after the opening the Chūō Shinkansen (sometimes referred to as a bypass to the Tokaido Shinkansen) frees up capacity, construction is already underway for other rail improvements between Haneda and Tokyo station expected to be completed prior to the opening of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics , so any potential Shinkansen service would likely offer only marginal benefit. Despite these plans ultimately not being realized (owing in part due to

5226-402: The possibility of high-speed rail , and the Shinkansen project was implemented. Government approval came in December 1958, and construction of the first segment of the Tōkaidō Shinkansen between Tokyo and Osaka started in April 1959. The cost of constructing the Shinkansen was at first estimated at nearly 200 billion yen, which was raised in the form of a government loan, railway bonds and

5304-573: The shinkansen is not affected by slower local or freight trains (except for Hokkaido Shinkansen while traveling through the Seikan Tunnel ), and has the capacity to operate many high-speed trains punctually. In addition, shinkansen routes (excluding mini-shinkansen) are completely grade separated from roads and highways, meaning railway crossings are almost eliminated. Tracks are strictly off-limits with penalties against trespassing strictly regulated by law. The routes use tunnels and viaducts to go through and over obstacles rather than around them, with

5382-407: The technical development of the first line, the Tōkaidō Shinkansen . All three had worked on aircraft design during World War II . The popular English name bullet train is a literal translation of the Japanese term dangan ressha ( 弾丸列車 ) , a nickname given to the project while it was initially discussed in the 1930s. The name stuck because of the original 0 Series Shinkansen 's resemblance to

5460-444: The track because of the use of lighter vehicles compared to locomotives or power cars. The coaches are air-sealed to ensure stable air pressure when entering tunnels at high speed. Shinkansen trains (excluding mini-Shinkansen) are also built to a larger loading gauge compared to conventional-speed rolling stock. This larger loading gauge permits wider coaches, allowing for 5-abreast seating (2+3) in Standard Class coaches, compared to

5538-594: The track slab from moving latitudinally or longitudinally. One track slab weighs approximately 5 tons and is 2,220–2,340 mm (87–92 inches) wide, 4,900–4,950 mm (193–195 inches) long and 160–200 mm (6.3–7.9 inches) thick. The Shinkansen employs an ATC (Automatic Train Control) system, eliminating the need for trackside signals. It uses a comprehensive system of Automatic Train Protection . Centralized traffic control manages all train operations, and all tasks relating to train movement, track, station and schedule are networked and computerized. Shinkansen uses

5616-406: The train numbers D2348 and D2347). Therefore, the soft sleeper berth of the CRH1E-NG EMU has an adjustable seat design, and the bed board of the upper bunk is changed to a flip-up design that can be lifted upward. A backrest cushion is added to the side wall of the lower bunk bed, and a hidden pull-down armrest is designed between the cushions. A 4-person soft sleeper private room can be converted into

5694-420: The trains run on and the trains themselves. In English, the trains are also known as the bullet train. The term bullet train ( 弾丸列車 , dangan ressha ) originates from 1939, and was the initial name given to the Shinkansen project in its earliest planning stages. Furthermore, the name super express ( 超特急 , chō-tokkyū ) , used exclusively until 1972 for Hikari trains on the Tōkaidō Shinkansen ,

5772-680: Was an immediate success, reaching the 100 million passenger mark in less than three years on 13 July 1967, and one billion passengers in 1976. Sixteen-car trains were introduced for Expo '70 in Osaka. With an average of 23,000 passengers per hour in each direction in 1992, the Tōkaidō Shinkansen was the world's busiest high-speed rail line. As of 2014, the train's 50th anniversary, daily passenger traffic rose to 391,000 which, spread over its 18-hour schedule, represented an average of just under 22,000 passengers per hour. The first Shinkansen trains,

5850-410: Was completed in 1975. Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka was an ardent supporter of the Shinkansen, and his government proposed an extensive network paralleling most existing trunk lines. Two new lines, the Tōhoku Shinkansen and Jōetsu Shinkansen , were built following this plan. Many other planned lines were delayed or scrapped entirely as JNR slid into debt throughout the late 1970s, largely because of

5928-590: Was designed by Sifang and Bombardier jointly in Västerås , Sweden and originally named C2008. Each CRH1A set consists of eight cars, the first batch (CRH 1 -001A~CRH 1 -040A) including two first class coaches (ZY), 5 second class coaches (ZE) and 1 second class coach/dining car (ZEC).the second batch (CRH 1 -081A~CRH 1 -120A) including two first class coaches (ZY), one first class/second class coaches (ZYE), four second class coaches (ZE) and 1 second class coach/dining car (ZEC). The potential maximum speed of CRH1A

6006-817: Was hit on ZY104600 car by CRH2-139E in Yongtaiwen PFL accident . On October 31, 2007, the Chinese MOR ordered 20 sets of CRH1E trains (CRH 1 -061E～CRH 1 -080E). The CRH1E is the first high-speed 16-car sleeper train (10M6T) in the world which is based on Bombardier's ZEFIRO 250 km/h (155 mph) design. The train was designed by Bombardier and Zagato. Each train set from the first 12 trainsets consists of one luxury sleeper (WG), 12 soft sleepers (WR), two second-class coaches (ZE), and one dining car (CA). The first CRH1E trainset delivered in October 2009, first came into service on November 4, 2009, between Beijing–Shanghai. In fact, only 15 CRH1Es were delivered, three of which had

6084-486: Was planned at end of 2021, but the coronavirus pandemic has delayed the production and test runs of the new trains. Västtrafik then expected that the first train set will arrive in Västerås in April 2022, and that another four train sets will be delivered to Sweden during the spring. The first vehicles were due to be operating in the traffic in spring 2024 The trains are designed for the colder weather conditions under which

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