Misplaced Pages

#755244

70-579: COMS may refer to: 3Com , a defunct digital electronics manufacturer City of Manchester Stadium Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title COMS . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=COMS&oldid=1203477471 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

140-533: A VT100 terminal enclosure. The /150 was housed in a table-top unit which included two 8-inch floppy drives, three asynchronous serial ports, one printer port, one modem port and one synchronous serial port and required an external terminal. All three employed the same chipset as used on the LSI-11/03 and LSI-11/2 in four "microm"s. There is an option which combines two of the microms into one dual carrier, freeing one socket for an EIS/FIS chip. The /150 in combination with

210-466: A VT105 terminal was also sold as MiniMINC , a budget version of the MINC-11 . The DEC Professional series are desktop PCs intended to compete with IBM's earlier 8088 and 80286 based personal computers. The models are equipped with 5 1 ⁄ 4 inch floppy disk drives and hard disks, except the 325 which has no hard disk. The original operating system was P/OS, which was essentially RSX-11 M+ with

280-409: A 16-bit design as well. The team decided that the best approach to a new architecture would be to minimize the memory bandwidth needed to execute the instructions. Larry McGowan coded a series of assembly language programs using the instruction sets of various existing platforms and examined how much memory would be exchanged to execute them. Harold McFarland joined the effort and had already written

350-508: A fifth chip can be added to extend the instruction set). It uses a bus which is a close variant of the Unibus called the LSI Bus or Q-Bus ; it differs from the Unibus primarily in that addresses and data are multiplexed onto a shared set of wires rather than having separate sets of wires. It also differs slightly in how it addresses I/O devices and it eventually allowed a 22-bit physical address (whereas

420-832: A joint venture with China-based Huawei Technologies —3Com achieved a market presence in China , and a significant networking market share in Europe , Asia , and the Americas. 3Com products were sold under the brands 3Com, H3C, and TippingPoint. On April 12, 2010, Hewlett-Packard completed the acquisition of 3Com, and it no longer exists as a separate entity. 3Com's products, support, and technologies were eventually merged into HPE's Aruba Networks business unit following HP's acquisition of Aruba in 2015 and subsequent split into HPE later that same year. After reading an article on ALOHAnet , Robert Metcalfe became interested in computer networking. ALOHAnet

490-543: A menu system on top. As the design was intended to avoid software exchange with existing PDP–11 models, the poor market response was unsurprising. The RT-11 operating system was eventually ported to the PRO series. A port of the RSTS/E operating system to the PRO series was also done internal to DEC, but it was not released. The PRO-325 and -350 units are based on the DCF-11 ("Fonz") chipset,

560-454: A networking protocol known as PARC Universal Packet (PuP), with the entire system ready for build-out by late 1974. At this point, Xerox management did nothing with it, even after being approached by prospective customers. Increasingly upset by management's lack of interest, Metcalfe left Xerox in 1975, but he was lured back again the next year. Further development followed, resulting in the seminal Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocol, which

630-469: A public company via an initial public offering (IPO) in 1984. The company's network software products included: 3Com's expansion beyond its original base of PC and thin Ethernet products began in 1987 when it merged with Bridge Communications. This provided a range of equipment based on Motorola 68000 processors and using XNS protocols compatibly with 3Com's Etherterm PC software. By 1995, 3Com's status

700-613: A register by one (byte instructions) or two (word instructions). Use of relative addressing lets a machine-language program be position-independent . Early models of the PDP–11 had no dedicated bus for input/output , but only a system bus called the Unibus , as input and output devices were mapped to memory addresses. An input/output device determined the memory addresses to which it would respond, and specified its own interrupt vector and interrupt priority . This flexible framework provided by

770-531: A system known as the TSD (Test System Director). As such, they were in use until their software was rendered inoperable by the Year 2000 problem . The US Navy used a PDP–11/34 to control its Multi-station Spatial Disorientation Device, a simulator used in pilot training, until 2007, when it was replaced by a PC-based emulator that could run the original PDP–11 software and interface with custom Unibus controller cards. A PDP–11/45

SECTION 10

#1732872507756

840-422: A very complex instruction set that the team rejected, but a second one was simpler and would ultimately form the basis for the PDP–11. When they first presented the new architecture, the managers were dismayed. It lacked single instruction-word immediate data and short addresses, both of which were considered essential to improving memory performance. McGowan and McFarland were eventually able to convince them that

910-410: A wide range of networking technologies. On November 11, 2009, 3Com and Hewlett-Packard announced that Hewlett-Packard would acquire 3Com for $ 2.7 billion in cash. On April 12, 2010, Hewlett-Packard completed its acquisition. When Hewlett-Packard split into Hewlett Packard Enterprise and Hewlett-Packard Inc., the 3Com unit continued with HPE and was ultimately integrated into Aruba Networks along with

980-452: Is considered by some experts to be the most popular minicomputer. The PDP–11 included a number of innovative features in its instruction set and additional general-purpose registers that made it easier to program than earlier models in the PDP series. Further, the innovative Unibus system allowed external devices to be more easily interfaced to the system using direct memory access , opening

1050-496: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages 3Com 3Com provided network interface controller and switches , routers , wireless access points and controllers, IP voice systems, and intrusion prevention systems . The company was based in Santa Clara, California . From its 2007 acquisition of 100 percent ownership of H3C Technologies Co., Limited (H3C) —initially

1120-810: The CPU , connecting semiconductor memory to the processor, with core memory and I/O devices connected via the Unibus. In the PDP–11/70, this was taken a step further, with the addition of a dedicated interface between disks and tapes and memory, via the Massbus . Although input/output devices continued to be mapped into memory addresses, some additional programming was necessary to set up the added bus interfaces. The PDP–11 supports hardware interrupts at four priority levels. Interrupts are serviced by software service routines, which could specify whether they themselves could be interrupted (achieving interrupt nesting ). The event that causes

1190-544: The DEC LSI-11 , DEC VAX-11 , Sun-2 and the IBM PC . In the mid-1980s, 3Com branded their Ethernet technology as EtherSeries, while introducing a range of software and PC -based equipment to provide shared services over a local area network (LAN) using XNS protocols. These protocols were branded EtherShare (for file sharing), EtherPrint (for printing), EtherMail (for email ), and Ether- 3270 (for IBM host emulation). 3Com became

1260-531: The 1970s. Initially manufactured of small-scale transistor–transistor logic , a single-board large-scale integration version of the processor was developed in 1975. A two- or three-chip processor, the J-11 was developed in 1979. The last models of the PDP–11 line were the single board PDP–11/94 and PDP–11/93 introduced in 1990. The PDP–11 processor architecture has a mostly orthogonal instruction set . For example, instead of instructions such as load and store ,

1330-583: The Audrey and Kerbango products less than a year later. In March 2000, in a highly public and criticized move, 3Com exited the high-end core routers and switch market to focus on other areas of the business. The CoreBuilder Ethernet and ATM LAN switches, PathBuilder and NetBuilder WAN Routers were all discontinued June 2000. CoreBuilder products and the customer base was migrated over to Extreme Networks . The PathBuilder and NetBuilder were transitioned to Motorola. 3Com focused its efforts from 2000 to 2003 on building up

1400-692: The DEQNA Q-Bus card, were also available. Many of the earliest systems on the ARPANET were PDP–11's A wide range of peripherals were available; some of them were also used in other DEC systems like the PDP–8 or PDP–10 . The following are some of the more common PDP–11 peripherals. The PDP–11 family of computers was used for many purposes. It was used as a standard minicomputer for general-purpose computing, such as timesharing , scientific, educational, medical, government or business computing. Another common application

1470-733: The DN100 in 1981 running Domain/OS , which was proprietary but offered a degree of Unix compatibility; and the Silicon Graphics IRIS range, which developed into Unix-based workstations by 1985 (IRIS 2000). Personal computers based on the 68000 such as the Apple Lisa and Macintosh , the Atari ST , and the Commodore Amiga arguably constituted less of a threat to DEC's business, although technically these systems could also run Unix derivatives. In

SECTION 20

#1732872507756

1540-522: The HomeConnect, OfficeConnect, SuperStack, NBX and Total Control product lines. Due to this perceived exit from the Enterprise market, 3Com would never gain momentum with large customers or carriers again. In July 2000, 3Com spun off Palm as an independent company. Following Palm's IPO, 3Com continued to own 80   percent of Palm, but 3Com's market capitalization was smaller than Palm's. U.S. Robotics

1610-597: The LEC's ingress CLASS 5 switch to the Total Control 1000 media gateway, where it was converted from TDM to IP and transported across AT&T's WorldNet IP backbone. When it reached the destination, it was passed to the egress LEC's CLASS 5 switch as an untariffed data call. CommWorks modified the gateway and softswitch software to support SIP for MCI/WorldCom's hosted business offering in 2000. Although 3Com sold CommWorks to UTStarcom, they retained intellectual property rights to

1680-531: The LSI-11. This option allowed programming of the internal 8-bit micromachine to create application-specific extensions to the PDP–11 instruction set. The WCS is a quad Q-Bus board with a ribbon cable connecting to the third microcode ROM socket. The source code for EIS/FIS microcode was included so these instructions, normally located in the third MICROM, could be loaded in the WCS, if desired. Later Q-Bus based systems such as

1750-502: The LSI–11/23, /73, and /83 are based upon chip sets designed in house by Digital Equipment Corporation. Later PDP–11 Unibus systems were designed to use similar Q-Bus processor cards, using a Unibus adapter to support existing Unibus peripherals , sometimes with a special memory bus for improved speed. There were other significant innovations in the Q-Bus lineup. For example, a system variant of

1820-661: The PC based on BSD or Linux became available. By the late 1990s, not only DEC but most of the New England computer industry which had been built around minicomputers similar to the PDP–11 collapsed in the face of microcomputer-based workstations and servers. The PDP–11 processors tend to fall into several natural groups depending on the original design upon which they are based and which I/O bus they use. Within each group, most models were offered in two versions, one intended for OEMs and one intended for end-users. Although all models share

1890-557: The PDP–11 and could use its peripherals and system software. These include: Several operating systems were available for the PDP–11. The DECSA communications server was a communications platform developed by DEC based on a PDP–11/24, with the provision for user installable I/O cards including asynchronous and synchronous modules. This product was used as one of the earliest commercial platforms upon which networking products could be built, including X.25 gateways, SNA gateways, routers , and terminal servers . Ethernet adaptors, such as

1960-709: The PDP–11 has a move instruction for which either operand (source and destination) can be memory or register. There are no specific input or output instructions; the PDP–11 uses memory-mapped I/O and so the same move instruction is used; orthogonality even enables moving data directly from an input device to an output device. More complex instructions such as add likewise can have memory, register, input, or output as source or destination. Most operands can apply any of eight addressing modes to eight registers. The addressing modes provide register, immediate, absolute, relative, deferred (indirect), and indexed addressing, and can specify autoincrementation and autodecrementation of

2030-402: The PDP–11 system-software rights to Mentec Inc., an Irish producer of LSI-11 based boards for Q-Bus and ISA architecture personal computers, and in 1997 discontinued PDP–11 production. For several years, Mentec produced new PDP–11 processors. Other companies found a niche market for replacements for legacy PDP–11 processors, disk subsystems, etc. At the same time, free implementations of Unix for

2100-543: The PDP–11. In 1963, DEC introduced what is considered to be the first commercial minicomputer in the form of the PDP–5 . This was a 12-bit design adapted from the 1962 LINC machine that was intended to be used in a lab setting. DEC slightly simplified the LINC system and instruction set, aiming the PDP-5 at smaller settings that did not need the power of their larger 18-bit PDP-4 . The PDP-5

2170-479: The PDP–11/03 introduced full system power-on self-test (POST). The basic design of the PDP–11 was flexible, and was continually updated to use newer technologies. However, the limited throughput of the Unibus and Q-Bus started to become a system-performance bottleneck , and the 16-bit logical address limitation hampered the development of larger software applications. The article on PDP–11 architecture describes

COMS - Misplaced Pages Continue

2240-594: The PSW (priority level) on entry to the service routine. The PDP–11 was designed for ease of manufacture by semiskilled labor. The dimensions of its pieces were relatively non-critical. It used a wire-wrapped backplane . The LSI–11 (PDP–11/03), introduced in February 1975 is the first PDP–11 model produced using large-scale integration ; the entire CPU is contained on four LSI chips made by Western Digital (the MCP-1600 chip set;

2310-418: The Unibus only allows an 18-bit physical address) and block-mode operations for significantly improved bandwidth (which the Unibus does not support). The CPU microcode includes a debugger : firmware with a direct serial interface ( RS-232 or current loop ) to a terminal . This lets the operator do debugging by typing commands and reading octal numbers, rather than operating switches and reading lights,

2380-528: The beginning of the end of 3Com. In addition to consumer network electronics, USRobotics was a well-known manufacturer of a dialup access server, the "Total Control Hub", rebadged by 3Com as the "Total Control 1000", based largely on its Courier modem technology. This key business product competed against Cisco's AS5200 access server line in the mid-1990s as the explosion of the Internet led to service provider investment in dialup access server equipment. 3Com continued

2450-592: The company for $ 2.2 billion, with minority equity financing from Huawei Technologies. However, the deal met with US government regulatory opposition and it fell through early in 2008, following concerns over Huawei's risk of conducting cyber security attacks against the United States and its allies, Huawei's former dealings in Iran, and Huawei being operated by a former engineer in China's People's Liberation Army . Edgar Masri left

2520-500: The company in April 2008, partially as a result of the failed Bain transaction. In April 2008, Robert Mao was named chief executive, and Ron Sege president and chief operating officer. In fiscal year 2008 ended May 30, 2008, 3Com had annual revenue of $ 1.3 billion and more than 6,000 employees in over 40 countries. In September 2008, 3Com reported financial results for its fiscal 2009 first quarter, which ended August 29, 2008. Revenue in

2590-559: The company moved its Silicon Valley Santa Clara headquarters to Marlborough , Massachusetts. It also formed a venture called H3C with Huawei , whereby 3Com would sell and rebrand products under the joint venture. In 2003, 3Com sold its CommWorks Corporation subsidiary to UTStarcom, Inc. CommWorks was based in Rolling Meadows, Illinois , and developed wireline telecommunications and wireless infrastructure technologies. In January 2006, Claflin announced he would be leaving

2660-562: The company. In January 2006, R Scott Murray became CEO of 3Com and chairman of H3C Technology in China, the joint venture with Huawei Technologies. Murray voluntarily resigned from the company in August 2006 over his concerns about the questionable business ethics of Huawei and potential cyber security risks posed by Huawei. Edgar Masri returned to 3Com to head as president and CEO following Murray's departure. In September 2007, Bain Capital agreed to buy

2730-536: The design of operating systems such as CP/M and hence also MS-DOS . The first officially named version of Unix ran on the PDP–11/20 in 1970. It is commonly stated that the C programming language took advantage of several low-level PDP–11–dependent programming features, albeit not originally by design. An effort to expand the PDP–11 from 16- to 32-bit addressing led to the VAX-11 design, which took part of its name from

2800-607: The development of the Total Control line until it was eventually spun off as a part of Commworks, which was then acquired by UTStarcom. In August 1998, Bruce Claflin was named chief operating officer . The modem business was rapidly shrinking. 3Com attempted to enter the DSL business, but was not successful. In the lucrative server network interface card (NIC) business, 3Com dominated market share, with Intel only able to break past 3Com after dramatic price slashing. It started developing Gigabit Ethernet cards in-house but later scrapped

2870-632: The early years, in particular, Microsoft 's Xenix was ported to systems like the TRS-80 Model 16 (with up to 1 MB of memory) in 1983, and to the Apple Lisa, with up to 2 MB of installed RAM, in 1984. The mass-production of those chips eliminated any cost advantage for the 16-bit PDP–11. A line of personal computers based on the PDP–11, the DEC Professional series, failed commercially, along with other non-PDP–11 PC offerings from DEC. In 1994, DEC sold

COMS - Misplaced Pages Continue

2940-585: The emergence of a market of increasingly powerful scientific and technical workstations that would often run Unix variants. These included the HP 9000 series 200 (starting with the HP 9826A in 1981) and 300/400, with the HP-UX system being ported to the 68000 in 1984; Sun Microsystems workstations running SunOS , starting with the Sun-1 in 1982; Apollo/Domain workstations starting with

3010-581: The first companies to deliver a complete networked phone system, and increased its distribution channel with larger telephony partners such as Southwestern Bell and Metropark Communications , 3Com helped make VoIP into a safe and practical technology with wide adoption. 3Com then tried to move into the smart consumer appliances business and in June 2000, 3Com acquired internet radio startup Kerbango for $ 80 million. It developed its Audrey appliance, which made an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show . It scrapped

3080-515: The hardware and software techniques used to work around address-space limitations. DEC's 32-bit successor to the PDP–11, the VAX–11 (for "Virtual Address eXtension") overcame the 16-bit limitation, but was initially a superminicomputer aimed at the high-end time-sharing market. The early VAX CPUs provided a PDP–11 compatibility mode under which much existing software could be immediately used, in parallel with newer 32-bit software, but this capability

3150-412: The interrupt is indicated by the device itself, as it informs the processor of the address of its own interrupt vector. Interrupt vectors are blocks of two 16-bit words in low kernel address space (which normally corresponded to low physical memory) between 0 and 776. The first word of the interrupt vector contains the address of the interrupt service routine and the second word the value to be loaded into

3220-449: The plans. Later, it formed a joint venture with Broadcom , where Broadcom would develop the main integrated circuit component and the NIC would be 3Com branded. In 1999, 3Com acquired NBX, a Boston company with an Ethernet-based phone system for small and medium-sized businesses. This product proved popular with 3Com's existing distribution channel and saw rapid growth and adoption. As one of

3290-598: The predecessors of Alcatel-Lucent , the Bell Telephone Manufacturing Company , developed the BTMC DPS-1500 packet-switching ( X.25 ) network and used PDP–11s in the regional and national network management system, with the Unibus directly connected to the DPS-1500 hardware. Higher-performance members of the PDP–11 family departed from the single-bus approach. The PDP–11/45 had a dedicated data path within

3360-443: The processor architecture made it unusually easy to invent new bus devices, including devices to control hardware that had not been contemplated when the processor was originally designed. DEC openly published the basic Unibus specifications, even offering prototyping bus interface circuit boards, and encouraging customers to develop their own Unibus-compatible hardware. The Unibus made the PDP–11 suitable for custom peripherals. One of

3430-501: The project as it did not appear to offer a significant advantage over their existing 12- and 18-bit platforms. This prompted several of the engineers from the PDP-X program to leave DEC and form Data General . The next year they introduced the 16-bit Data General Nova . The Nova sold tens of thousands of units and launched what would become one of DEC's major competitors through the 1970s and 1980s. Ken Olsen , president and founder of DEC,

3500-555: The quarter was $ 342.7 million compared to revenue of $ 319.4 million in the corresponding period in fiscal 2008, a 7 percent increase. Net income in the quarter was $ 79.8 million, compared with a net loss of $ 18.7 million in the first quarter of fiscal year 2008. The company reported that it had more than 2,700 engineers, with more than 1,400 United States patents and nearly 180 Chinese-issued patents, as well as more than 1050 pending Chinese applications. It also reported pending applications for 35 separate inventions outside of China covering

3570-517: The rest of HP's networking portfolio. 3Com came close to merging with computer maker Convergent Technologies , abandoning the pact just two days before a vote was scheduled in March 1986. Later, 3Com went on to acquire the following: CommWorks Corporation was a subsidiary of 3Com Corporation, based in Rolling Meadows, Illinois . It was sold to UTStarcom of Alameda, California in 2003. CommWorks

SECTION 50

#1732872507756

3640-522: The same as found in the 11/23, 11/23+ and 11/24. The PRO-380 is based on the DCJ-11 ("Jaws") chipset, the same as found in the 11/53,73,83 and others, though running only at 10 MHz because of limitations in the support chipset. The PDP–11 was sufficiently popular that many unlicensed PDP–11-compatible minicomputers and microcomputers were produced in Eastern Bloc countries. Some were pin-compatible with

3710-512: The same instruction set, later models added new instructions and interpreted certain instructions slightly differently. As the architecture evolved, there were also variations in handling of some processor status and control registers. The following models use the Unibus as their principal bus: The following models use the Q-Bus as their principal bus: The PDT series were desktop systems marketed as "smart terminals". The /110 and /130 were housed in

3780-592: The softswitch technology. After modifying the software to enable enterprise PBX features, 3Com released this technology as VCX, the industry's first pure SIP PBX, in 2003. PDP-11#LSI-11 The PDP–11 is a series of 16-bit minicomputers sold by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from 1970 into the late 1990s, one of a set of products in the Programmed Data Processor (PDP) series. In total, around 600,000 PDP-11s of all models were sold, making it one of DEC's most successful product lines. The PDP-11

3850-620: The system to a wide variety of peripherals . The PDP–11 replaced the PDP–8 in many real-time computing applications, although both product lines lived in parallel for more than 10 years. The ease of programming of the PDP–11 made it popular for general-purpose computing. The design of the PDP–11 inspired the design of late-1970s microprocessors including the Intel x86 and the Motorola 68000 . The design features of PDP–11 operating systems, and other operating systems from Digital Equipment, influenced

3920-525: The system would work as expected, and suddenly "the Desk Calculator project got hot". Much of the system was developed using a PDP-10 where the SIM-11 simulated what would become the PDP–11/20 and Bob Bowers wrote an assembler for it. At a late stage, the marketing team wanted to ship the system with 2K of memory as the minimal configuration. When McGowan stated this would mean an assembler could not run on

3990-508: The system, the minimum was expanded to 4K. The marketing team also wanted to use the forward slash character for comments in the assembler code, as was the case in the PDP–8 assembler. McGowan stated that he would then have to use semicolon to indicate division, and the idea was dropped. The PDP–11 family was announced in January 1970 and shipments began early that year. DEC sold over 170,000 PDP–11s in

4060-472: The typical debugging method at the time. The operator can thus examine and modify the computer's registers, memory, and input/output devices, diagnosing and perhaps correcting failures in software and peripherals (unless a failure disables the microcode itself). The operator can also specify which disk to boot from. Both innovations increased the reliability and decreased the cost of the LSI-11. A Writable Control Store (WCS) option (KUV11-AA) could be added to

4130-466: Was real-time process control and factory automation . Some OEM models were also frequently used as embedded systems to control complex systems like traffic-light systems, medical systems, numerical controlled machining , or for network management. An example of such use of PDP–11s was the management of the packet switched network Datanet 1. In the 1980s, the UK's air traffic control radar processing

4200-481: Was a success, ultimately selling about 1,000 machines. This led to the PDP–8 , a further cost-reduced 12-bit model that sold about 50,000 units. During this period, the computer market was moving from computer word lengths based on units of 6 bits to units of 8 bits, following the introduction of the 7-bit ASCII standard. In 1967–1968, DEC engineers designed a 16-bit machine, the PDP–X, but management ultimately canceled

4270-634: Was also spun out again as a separate company at this time. In January 2001, Claflin became chief executive officer , replacing Éric Benhamou , CEO from 1990 to 2000. He was criticized for the costly diversification in the mobile handheld computer market. At this point, the company's main line of business, selling addon network interface cards ("NICs"), was also shrinking rapidly, mainly because many new computers had NICs built in. The company started slashing or selling divisions and going through numerous rounds of layoffs . The company went from employing more than 12,000 employees to fewer than 2,000. In May 2003,

SECTION 60

#1732872507756

4340-545: Was an over-the-air wide area network system in Hawaii using ultra high frequency radios and made several assumptions that Metcalfe thought would not be correct in practice. He developed his own theories of how to manage traffic, and began to consider an "ALOHAnet in a wire" networking system. In 1972, he joined Xerox PARC to develop these ideas, and after pairing up with David Boggs , the two had early 3 Mbit/s versions of Ethernet working in 1973. They then went on to build up

4410-511: Was completed by 1978. Once again, Metcalfe found that management was unwilling to actually do anything with the product, and he threatened to leave and in 1979 he left the company. Metcalfe subsequently co-founded 3Com in 1979. The other co-founders were Metcalfe's college friend Howard Charney and two others. Bill Krause joined as President in 1981 and became CEO in 1982 and led 3Com until 1992 when he retired. 3Com began making Ethernet adapter cards for many early 1980s computer systems, including

4480-450: Was conducted on a PDP 11/34 system known as PRDS – Processed Radar Display System at RAF West Drayton. The software for the Therac-25 medical linear particle accelerator also ran on a 32K PDP 11/23. In 2013, it was reported that PDP–11 programmers would be needed to control nuclear power plants through 2050. Another use was for storage of test programs for Teradyne ATE equipment, in

4550-516: Was deployed in the United States, Japan , and Korea covering the 2G CDMA market sample carriers included Sprint. It led to follow on products that became core to CommWorks now UTStarcom offerings including the 2.5 and 3G packet data gateway products known as PDSN and Home Agents. CommWorks/3Com co-developed an H.323-based softswitch with AT&T in 1998 for use in a "transparent trunking" application for AT&T's residential long-distance customers. Long distance telephone calls were redirected from

4620-535: Was dropped with the first MicroVAX . For a decade, the PDP–11 was the smallest system that could run Unix , but in the 1980s, the IBM PC and its clones largely took over the small computer market; BYTE in 1984 reported that the PC's Intel 8088 microprocessor could outperform the PDP–11/23 when running Unix. Newer microprocessors such as the Motorola 68000 (1979) and Intel 80386 (1985) also included 32-bit logical addressing. The 68000 in particular facilitated

4690-651: Was formerly the Carrier Network Business unit of 3Com, comprising several acquired companies: U.S. Robotics (Rolling Meadows, Illinois), Call Technologies ( Reston, Virginia ), and LANsource ( Toronto , Ontario , Canada ). CommWorks was able to use technology from each company to create IP softswitch and IP communications software. U.S. Robotics provided media gateways (the Total Control 1000 product line, formerly used for dial-modem termination) and softswitch technology. Call Technologies provided Unified Messaging software. LANsource provided fax-over-IP software that

4760-475: Was integrated with the Unified Messaging platform. The Carrier Network Business unit of 3Com developed an Inter-working function technology that became the first and dominant 2G CDMA wireless data gateway product. In partnership with Unwired Planet (now Openwave) and Qualcomm Quicknet connect allowed for 6 second connect times versus modems connecting the call in approximately 30 seconds. This product

4830-405: Was more interested in a small 8-bit machine than the larger 16-bit system. This became the "Desk Calculator" project. Not long after, Datamation published a note about a desk calculator being developed at DEC, which caused concern at Wang Laboratories , who were heavily invested in that market. Before long, it became clear that the entire market was moving to 16-bit, and the Desk Calculator began

4900-434: Was such that they were able to enter into an agreement with the city of San Francisco to pay $ 900,000 per year for the naming rights to Candlestick Park . That agreement ended in 2002. In 1997, 3Com merged with USRobotics (USR), a maker of dial-up modems, and owner of Palm, Inc. USRobotics was known for its Sportster line of consumer-oriented modems, as well as its Courier business-class modem line. This merger spelled

#755244