Misplaced Pages

#348651

73-614: It was founded in Hull in 1921 as the Confédération des travailleurs catholiques du Canada (Catholic Workers Confederation of Canada). It became the CSN only in 1960 when it became secular. The CSN developed a close relationship with the Quebec Liberal Party and worked together to reform Québec's labor law in 1965 to extend collective bargaining to government employees. However, by the late 1960s

146-844: A dram and a crib. The crib was usually used on the Ottawa River whereas the dram was used on Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence. A crib consisted of two layers of logs where were about twenty-four feet wide at most, as they were designed to get along the rapids at the Chaudière Falls and Des Chats , whereas drams could be more than a hundred feet wide. Rafts destined for Quebec have 2000 to 3000 pieces, almost all of them pine. The rafts are made up in cribs; each crib has 25 pieces. Rafts were powered by oars, or occasionally sails. Rafts had to be dismantled and reassembled to get past rapids and obstructions. At Chaudière Falls 20 days could be lost in hauling

219-851: A large increase in the number of sawmills in "the town" had occurred, as did dwellings, from 601 dwellings and 3 sawmills in 1845, to 2104 dwellings and 12 sawmills by 1861. Here is the production of some companies in 1873, M feet of lumber and number of employees and their 1875 address listed, where available. The 1875 lumber merchants list included Jos Aumond; Batson & Carrier; Bennett, Benson & Co.; H. B. D. Bruce; T. C. Brougham; T. W. Currier & Co.; G. B. Hall; Hamilton & Bros.; J. T. Lambert; Moses W. Linton; M. McDougall; John Moir; Isaac Moore; Robert Nagle; R. Ryan; Albert W. Soper; Wm. Stubbs and Wm. Mackey, 99 Daly; Robert Skead, 288 Sparks; Hon. James Skead, 262 Wellington; William Skead, 10 Bell; and Joseph Smith, 286 Sussex. Upper and Lower Canada's major industry in terms of employment and value of

292-506: A result of the continued prohibition in neighbouring Ontario. Most of Hull's bars were conveniently located near the Alexandra Bridge to Ottawa, which a local newspaper called, "the bridge of the thousand thirsts". Hull's Chief of Police stated in 1924 that the cause of Hull's lawlessness was its proximity to Ottawa, and a report published in 1925 found that visitors to Hull accounted for up to 90 percent of its bar patrons, as well as

365-458: A sawmill in the canal basin (another no longer existing area of the canal used for turning watercraft, just south of the bridge by the entrance). Sometime in the 1850s the islands at the Chaudière Falls became occupied with the express intent of harvesting the enormous power of the falls. An auction on September 1, 1852 had lots on Victoria Island and Amelia island going to "Harris, Bronson and Co., and Perley and Pattee, both lumber operators in

438-622: A sharp increase in arrests for drunk and disorderly conduct was noted in Hull in 1917. As a result, in May 1918, Hull enacted local laws prohibiting the sale of alcohol. This led to a dramatic increase in bootlegging in Hull, and the town gained the nickname le Petit Chicago , because its per capita crime rates were similar to those in Chicago. In 1919, a local plebiscite repealed Hull's prohibition laws, causing Hull's drinking establishments to once again thrive as

511-485: A shuttle service from Ottawa. By 1985, Hull had the highest crime rate in Quebec, with offences in the bar district including murder, drug dealing, rowdiness, violence, noise, vandalism and drunkenness. The Canadian Museum of History relocated nearby in 1989, and politicians in Hull expressed concern about the city's image. Official committees in Hull weighed the job creation and profitability of Hull's nightlife, against

584-470: A son Erskine Henry Bronson who later assumed control of his father's business. John Rudolphus Booth was one of Canada's largest lumber barons and most successful entrepreneurs; he also worked at the Chaudière. He had once helped build Andrew Leamy's sawmill in Hull, and later began producing shingles near the Chaudière Falls in a rented sawmill. He later built his own sawmill, was the lumber supplier for

657-636: Is the secretary and Pierre Patry is the treasurer. The Montreal Central Council of the CSN endorsed Québec solidaire for the 2007 Quebec election . Hull, Quebec Hull is the central business district and oldest neighbourhood of the city of Gatineau , Quebec , Canada. It is located on the west bank of the Gatineau River and the north shore of the Ottawa River , directly opposite Ottawa . As part of Canada's National Capital Region , it contains offices for more than 20,000 civil servants. It

730-1005: The Bytown Museum . McKay also was on the Legislative Council of the Province of Canada . James Maclaren , who once established industry in Wakefield, Quebec in 1853, leased a sawmill in New Edinburgh from Thomas McKay with partners, and in 1861, he bought out his partners and, in 1866, he purchased the mills after McKay's death. In 1864, again with his partners, he bought sawmills at Buckingham, Quebec , later buying out his partners. Other notable lumber barons, importers, and politicians included James Skead , John Rochester , Daniel McLachlin , John Egan , William Borthwick , James Davidson , Andrew Leamy , William Stewart , William Hamilton , and George Hamilton . The industry contributed to

803-575: The Chaudière Falls just upstream (or west) from where the Gatineau and Rideau Rivers flow into the Ottawa. Wright brought his family, five other families and twenty-five labourers and a plan to establish an agriculturally based community in what was a mosquito-infested wilderness. Soon after, Wright and his family took advantage of the large lumber stands and became involved in the timber trade . Originally

SECTION 10

#1732892180349

876-452: The Chaudière Falls were the locations of some of Canada's largest lumber mills, including those of Booth and Bronson. All of that is now gone now as part of the Greber Plan 's efforts at beautifying the capital of Canada. Bronson Avenue was named after the lumber baron. The Bank of Ottawa was founded due to the industry. The ByWard Market came about as part of Lower Town to serve

949-717: The Confederation of Canada when Ontario and Quebec became officially named, and became two of the four provinces of Canada. Eastern Ontario 's Irish Catholics mainly from Cork along with the Franco-Ontarians made up the majority of Rideau Canal builders and were heavily employed in the area's extensive lumber industry. Gatineau was called Columbia Falls Village by Philemon Wright, Wright's Town (or Wrightstown) by most and Wright's Village by some during Philemon Wright's life. It later became Hull, Quebec in 1875 and then Gatineau, Quebec in 2002. Buckingham, Quebec contained

1022-491: The Conscription Crisis of 1944 the prison eventually included Canadians who had refused conscription . Also, prisoners were forced into hard labour which included farming the land and lumbering . The Macdonald-Cartier Bridge was constructed in 1965, pushing many of Hull's bars to streets north. A large office complex known as Place du Portage began construction in the 1970s, uprooting many businesses along what

1095-522: The Ottawa River and the Ottawa Valley had "rich red and white pine forests". Bytown (later called Ottawa ) was a major lumber and sawmill centre of Canada. In 1806, Napoleon ordered a blockade to European ports, blocking Britain's access to timber required for the navy from the Baltic Sea . The British naval shipyards were desperately in need of lumber. British tariff concessions fostered

1168-409: The Ottawa Valley , especially the city of Bytown (now Ottawa , the capital of Canada). The product was chiefly red and white pine .The Ottawa River being conveniently located with access via the St. Lawrence River, was a valuable region due to its great pine forests surpassing any others nearby. The industry lasted until around 1900 as both markets and supplies decreased, it was then reoriented to

1241-521: The Ottawa Valley timber trade or Ottawa River lumber trade , was the nineteenth century production of wood products by Canada on areas of the Ottawa River and the regions of the Ottawa Valley and western Quebec , destined for British and American markets. It was the major industry of the historical colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada and it created an entrepreneur known as a lumber baron. The trade in squared timber and later sawed lumber led to population growth and prosperity to communities in

1314-471: The Parliament buildings , and his name became widely known. With profits, he financed a large sawmill at the falls. In 1865, he was the location's third largest producer and twenty-five years later he had the highest daily output in the world. Booth's operation in the 1870's was so immense, it produced more than 30 million board feet of pine lumber. William Goodhue Perley was a lumber businessman in 1852 on

1387-482: The Rideau Canal linking Ottawa with Kingston on Lake Ontario , and much later railways that began to be created between Canadian cities and northern U.S. markets. Around 1906, the last raft was chuted down the Ottawa River. Squaring of timber to make rafts had become too wasteful and costly a solution to transportation, new hydro obstructions along the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers had made it more difficult, and

1460-499: The Shiners' War between Irish Catholics and French Canadians in Bytown. To extract logs during the winter season it is estimated that logging firms had to supply 430 men for log extraction from the woods, 300 men for piling and moving logs, and 300 teamsters to control the horses and log sleighs for a 150,000 log yield. The supplies needed for these men included: The first lumbering on

1533-751: The 1940s found that gambling houses and illegal bars in Hull were receiving protection from corrupt local politicians, who also encouraged police not to arrest prostitutes. During World War II, Hull, along with various other regions within Canada, such as the Saguenay , Lac Saint-Jean , and Île Sainte-Hélène , had Prisoner-of-war camps . Hull's prison was simply labelled with a number and remained unnamed just like Canada's other war prisons. The prisoners of war ( POWs ) were sorted and classified into categories by nationality and civilian or military status. In this camp, POWs were mostly Italian and German nationals. During

SECTION 20

#1732892180349

1606-559: The 1973 and 1976 provincial elections, the CSN, without formally endorsing the Parti québécois , let it be known that it considered the PQ to be most closely aligned with workers' interests. During the 1980 Quebec referendum , the CSN supported a yes vote on "sovereignty-association". The CSN is characterized by decentralized administration: local unions are organized into federations by sector of activity and regional councils, and are very independent from

1679-688: The Atlantic Ocean. The second part of the industry involved the trade of sawed lumber, and the New England lumber barons, and lasted chiefly from about 1850 to 1900–1910. The Reciprocity Treaty caused a shift to American markets. The source of timber in the UK changed, where its access to timber in the Baltic region was restored, and it no longer provided the protective tariffs . American entrepreneurs at that time then began to immigrate and build their operations near

1752-592: The British for resawing, and it "became the main export". Britain imported 15,000 loads of timber from Canada in 1805, and from the colonies, 30,000 in 1807, and nearly 300,000 in 1820. The reciprocity treaty of 1854 allowed for duty-free export of Ottawa Valley's lumber into the United States. Both the market was changing, as well as the entrepreneurs running the businesses. An American September 30, 1869 statement showed that lumber was, by far Canada's biggest export to

1825-570: The CSN had fallen out of favor with the provincial government as it became radicalized and threw its support behind social movements. In 1971, the three leading Quebec unions, the CSN, the CEQ teachers' union, and the Québec Federation of Labour ( FTQ ) voted to form the Common Front, a syndicalist organization demanding a unified minimum wage for their 250,000 members. When negotiations failed between

1898-694: The Carkner Lumber Mill in Osgoode, Watson's Mill in Rideau-Goldbourne. The Ottawa Valley is a large swath of land, much of it along the Ottawa River. Renfrew, Ontario is often associated with the name. The Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben is a geologically related area. Upper Canada was a name given to areas in present day Ontario in the 18th and 19th centuries, until 1840 or 1841, when the Province of Canada formed. In 1867, this also no longer existed with

1971-586: The Chaudière of Perley and Pattee, both Americans. His partner, William Goodhue Perley , had a son, George Halsey Perley , who was also in the business. David Pattee was not part of this firm, though he had much in common with the sawmills and Ottawa. There were several companies and individuals who created some timber operations, before the huge American influx. There were two waves of American lumberers. In 1853, Baldwin, Bronson, Harris, Leamy and Young began to erect lumber mills, and from 1856 to 1860, Perley, Pattee, Booth and Eddy followed. Allan Gilmour, Sr.

2044-501: The Common Front and the Liberal government, the unions launched the largest general strike in Canadian history. When the strike's leaders were jailed for defying orders to return to work, the strike lost momentum and the Common Front broke apart. The CSN first formally supported Quebec sovereignty in May 1990. It had, however, been associated with the sovereignty movement long before. In both

2117-531: The Lake Champlain / Lake George area". Levi Young was on the mainland. "Harris and Bronson" mills had a capacity of 100,000 logs annually, more than twice that of nearby mills of Blasdell, Currier and Co., and Philip Thompson. The Ottawa River was the means of transporting logs to Quebec, using timber rafting . Sticks were trapped by a boom "at the mouth of the tributary" to be assembled into cribs, each crib consisting of 30 or more sticks of timber. Then

2190-616: The Long Sault on the lower Ottawa. Their raft accidentally came apart while traversing the river and ultimately 2 months were added onto their trip. This delay in their schedule cause Wright to miss his contract and left him unable to sell the lumber until months later. This delay unexpectedly turned positive as when the timber was sold in late November, Napoleon had just cut off the Baltic–British timber trade. These series of events led to Wright setting president for future squared timber trade in

2263-771: The Ottawa River is still difficult as watercraft must be removed from the Ottawa River due to obstacles posed by rapids such as the Rapides des Chaudières or "Kettle Rapids". Prior to amalgamation in 2002, Hull's population was 66,246 (2001 Census of Canada). According to the Canada 2011 Census , Hull had a population of 69,004. Approximately 80% of residents speak French as their first language and about 9% English as their first language (2001 Census of Canada). Commission Scolaire des Portages-de-l'Outaouais (CSPO) operates Francophone public schools. Western Québec School Board operates Anglophone public schools. Hull now depends primarily on

Confédération des syndicats nationaux - Misplaced Pages Continue

2336-462: The Ottawa River, creating some of the world's largest sawmills . These lumber barons, such as John Rudolphus Booth , Henry Franklin Bronson , and Ezra Butler Eddy , founded mills and industries, alongside investing in public infrastructure and private residences, which were essential to the growth and development of early Ottawa. The sawed lumber industry benefited from transportation improvements, first

2409-559: The Ottawa Valley from Montreal. The mid-1820s saw a large number Irish immigrants arrive in Wright's Town to construct the Rideau Canal and once completed, the labourers took to the rafts. Competition for jobs led to animosity and hatred. Many Irish had come to Canada after the Rideau Canal 's construction to escape poverty in Ireland. Irish gangs called the Shiners began to develop, sparking

2482-471: The Ottawa Valley. The first timber slide on the Ottawa River was built by Philemon's son, Ruggles Wright , on the North Side near the Chaudière Falls following a visit to Scandinavia to learn of lumbering techniques there. Philemon had an employee, Nicholas Sparks , who owned the land that would eventually form the heart of Bytown , and whose name would be given to Sparks Street . Henry Franklin Bronson

2555-549: The Rideau River) near Cumberland and York. In 2001 he moved to Rideau Falls. Thomas McKay acquired the mill in 1837. In 1843, Philip Thompson and Daniel McLachlin harnessed the Chaudière Falls for use with grist and sawmills. In 1852, the Chaudière saw A.H. Baldwin, John Rudolphus Booth , Henry Franklin Bronson and Weston, J.J. Harris, Pattee and Perley, John Rochester, Levi Young. All were former Americans who had immigrated except for Rochester. J.?. Turgeon operated

2628-452: The U.S., at over 424 million feet, worth $ 4,761,357. The other two largest exports were iron, pigs, and sheep, worth around the $ 500,000 range. Also in 1869, about a third of the lumber manufactured at Ottawa was shipped to foreign countries, and the area employed 6000 men in cutting and rafting logs, about 5,500 in the preparation of squared timber for European markets, and about 5,000 at the mills in Ottawa. Somewhere between 1848 and 1861,

2701-570: The back of the Canadian one-dollar bill until it was replaced by a dollar coin (the " loonie ") in 1987, and the last of the dwindling activity of the draveurs on these rivers ended a few years later. Ottawa was founded later, as the terminus of the Rideau Canal , built under the command of Lieutenant Colonel John By as part of fortifications and defences constructed after the War of 1812 . Originally named Bytown , Ottawa did not become Canada's capital until

2774-428: The central organization. It is also the most politically active trade union in Quebec. The Confederation currently has about 300,000 members, distributed evenly between men and women, and between the private and public sectors. Marc Laviolette was replaced as president in 2002 by Claudette Carbonneau . Louis Roy , Roger Valois , and Denise Boucher are the 1st, 2nd and 3rd vice-presidents, respectively. Lise Poulin

2847-434: The civil service as an economic mainstay. A number of federal and provincial government departments are located here. The policy of the federal government to distribute federal jobs on both sides of the Ottawa River led to the construction of several massive office towers to house federal civil servants in the 1970s and 80s; the largest of these are Place du Portage and Terrasses de la Chaudière , occupying part of what had been

2920-523: The costs of policing and cleanup. A "zero tolerance" campaign began in 1990, which involved undercover policing, the revocation of liquor licences, and a public awareness campaign to inform young drinkers in Ontario that disorderly behaviour would not be tolerated in Hull. Soon, police in Hull were aggressively towing illegally parked cars, and individuals caught urinating in public were fined as much as $ 400. By 2000, Hull had spent considerable resources making

2993-418: The cribs, up to 100 of them, were joined together into a raft that served as the "riverman's home for the month-long journey downriver to Quebec. The crew lived in bunk houses right on the raft, and one of the cribs contained the cookery. The rafts were large enough in some cases that thirty plus men could live aboard, even having quarters for the captain. There were two principal types of assemblages of logs,

Confédération des syndicats nationaux - Misplaced Pages Continue

3066-635: The downtown core of Hull. Two paper mills (Scott Paper and the E. B. Eddy division of Domtar ) still retain some industrial facilities on the Ottawa River in the centre of Hull, Quebec. Hull is also the home to the Casino du Lac-Leamy and to the Canadian Museum of History directly opposite Parliament Hill . Hull is also Outaouais's cultural centre. Lumber industry on the Ottawa River The Ottawa River timber trade , also known as

3139-414: The downtown more attractive, and the decaying old core of Hull was transformed by demolition and replacement with a series of large office complexes. Most of the bars on the Hull strip were gone, and were replaced by restaurants, cafés and stores. The city also provided funds to businesses that wanted to renovate. This resulted in a 75 percent drop in crime in the former bar district from 1994 to 2000, and

3212-748: The early 1800s much of the pine in New Brunswick had been cut and Ottawa-Gatineau was considered the boundary for lumbering. Moving to the mid 1800s much of the pine in this once pristine area was now cut. The first part of the industry, the trade in squared timber lasted until about the 1850s. The transportation for the raw timber was first by means of floating down the Ottawa River, first conducted in 1806 by Philemon Wright in Wright's Town . Squared timber would be assembled into large rafts which held living quarters for men on their six-week journey to Quebec City , which had large exporting facilities and easy access to

3285-521: The growing road and rail networks, like the Canadian Atlantic Railway , founded by J.R. Booth in 1897 and spanning the region between Lake Huron , Ottawa, Montreal , and northern Vermont , had proven capable of supplying to the newer domestic and urban newspaper and magazine markets which had become the primary demand. Supplies of pine were dwindling and there was also a decreased demand for sawn timber. Many sawmills converted to pulp mills for

3358-408: The growth of the Canadian timber trade. The British government instituted the tariff on the importation of foreign timber in 1795 in need of alternate sources for its navy and to promote the industry in its North American colonies. The "Colonial Preference" was first 10 shillings per load, increasing to 25 in 1805 and after Napoleon's blockade ended, it was increased to 65 in 1814. In 1821 the tariff

3431-495: The main street "was no longer attracting large crowds looking for a fight". Prostitution was not affected. Mayor Yves Ducharme expressed a desire to attract residents back to downtown Hull, and encouraged the construction of studio and bachelor apartments on Promenade du Portage, across from the federal government buildings. Former Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney wrote of Hull: The town [Ottawa] visibly sagged by ten at night, just in time for residents seeking relief from

3504-527: The mid-19th century after the original Parliament Building in Montreal was torched by a rioting mob of English-speaking citizens on April 25, 1849. Its greater distance from the Canada–US border also left the new Parliament Buildings in Ottawa less vulnerable to foreign attack. Nothing remains of the original 1800 settlement; the downtown Vieux-Hull sector was razed by a destructive fire in 1900 which also destroyed

3577-497: The needs of Bytown 's lumber-related population. Booth House still exists. Ottawa Central Railway still carries lumber as one of its major commodities. Hog's Back Falls were as John Mactaggart , in 1827, described them as "a noted ridge of rocks, called the Hog's Back, from the circumstances of raftsmen with their wares [timber rafts] sticking on it in coming down the stream." List of designated heritage properties in Ottawa lists

3650-513: The original pont des Chaudières ( Chaudière Bridge ), a road bridge which has since been rebuilt to join Ottawa to Hull at Victoria Island . Hull was noted for its nightlife during the years 1917 to 2000. Prohibition on the sale of alcohol in Ontario began in 1916, and continued until the repeal of the Ontario Temperance Act in 1927. Hull's proximity to Ontario made it a convenient place for people from Ottawa to consume alcohol, and

3723-563: The paper industry during this period. The UK was able to resume its supply from the Baltics, and their policies, especially the reduction in protectionism of their colonies, led to a decrease in markets in the UK. Shipbuilding turned towards steel, and the Atlantic fishing industry which provided domestic demand collapsed. Before 1950, many operations began to discontinue or be purchased by larger operations, and later many mills were completely removed and

SECTION 50

#1732892180349

3796-611: The place was named Wright's Town, Lower Canada , and the name Wrightville survives as the name of a neighbourhood in Gatineau's Hull district. The Gatineau River, like the Ottawa River, was very much the preserve of the draveurs , people who would use the river to transport logs from lumber camps to mills downriver. (The Gatineau River flows south into the Ottawa River which flows east to the St Lawrence River near Montreal .) The log-filled Ottawa River, as viewed from Hull, appeared on

3869-470: The population growth in Ontario and Quebec both indirectly, as a result of its economic boost, as well as directly, when ships from Quebec City went to ports such as Liverpool and returned with hopeful immigrants, providing cheap transportation. It also stimulated economic growth in both provinces, and J.R. Booth contributed greatly to the construction of the Canada Atlantic Railway . There also

3942-409: The product was the timber trade. Bytown was a major lumber and sawmill centre of Canada. When the Ottawa River first began to be used for floating timber en route to markets, squared timber was the preference. This required the logs to be skillfully shaped with broadaxes giving the whole log a squared appearance. It was wasteful but squared pine was preferred by the British for resawing. The timber

4015-521: The production of wood pulp which continued until the late 1990s and early 2000s. The industry came about just before Napoleon's 1806 Continental Blockade in Europe, forcing the United Kingdom to require a new source for timber, especially for its navy and shipbuilding. Later, Britain's application of gradually increasing protectionist tariffs on non-Empire goods increased Canadian imports. Leading into

4088-514: The slides were quite intrigued with the rushing logs and men wrangling them. In one such occasion during the Prince of Wales visit in 1860, a specially crafted raft was constructed for the prince to experience the timber slides first hand. Philemon Wright , the founder of Wright's Town (present-day Gatineau , Quebec), built the first timber raft, called Columbo , to go down the Ottawa River on June 11, 1806, taking 35 days to get to Montreal alone. It

4161-608: The south side of the Kim River near Ottawa was by Braddish Billings , a United Empire Loyalist from upstate New York, founder of the Billings Estate a former employee of Philemon Wright, with William M?? where they cut timber in Gloucester Township near Sawmill Creek, in 1810. The industry began in Bytown with St. Louis, who in 1830 used the bywash (a section, that no longer exists, of the early Rideau Canal which drained into

4234-455: The spoiled land began to be restored in Urban Renewal policies in Ottawa. The industry had contributed greatly to population increases, culture, and economic growth of Ontario and Quebec . Upper and Lower Canada 's major industry in terms of employment and value of the product was the timber trade. The largest supplier of square red and white pine to the British market originated from

4307-466: The stifling boredom to cross the bridge to Hull, Quebec, where nightclubs, dancehalls, bars, and a few great restaurants provided sanctuary and stimulation. In 2002, the Parti Québécois , leading the provincial government, merged the cities of Hull, Gatineau , Aylmer , Buckingham and Masson-Angers into one city. Although Hull was the oldest and most central of the merged cities, the name Gatineau

4380-457: The timber overland. Timber slides were an idea to solve that problem. The first timber slide on the Ottawa River was built on the North Side near the Chaudière Falls by Ruggles Wright , son of Philemon, following a visit to Scandinavia to learn of lumbering techniques there. The slide was 26 feet wide and was used to bypass the falls. Prior to this, bypassing the falls was a difficult task, and at times met with fatalities. His first slide

4453-403: The timber shipping yards in Quebec, headquarters of many lumber exporting firms, often took as long as six weeks. Pointer boat is a boat commissioned by Booth to move white pine down the Ottawa River built by John Cockburn first in Ottawa who then moved to Pembroke, whose marina now holds its monument. The timber slides were used as forms of entertainment, visitors which were unfamiliar with

SECTION 60

#1732892180349

4526-453: The vast majority of those arrested for drunk and disorderly conduct. A newspaper in the 1920s stated, "these taverns, which are Hull's sole attraction, are not bar rooms, but barn-like, dim rooms in old buildings". During the early 1940s—when bars in Ontario closed at 1 am and bars in Quebec closed at 3 am—residents of Ontario continued to take advantage of Quebec's more liberal policies on alcohol control. An official inquiry in

4599-413: The winter time. Their mills used more modern features in sawing and lifting, and turning logs over. Allan Gilmour was associated with the firm Pollok, Gilmour and Company . Thomas McKay , sometimes considered as one of the founding fathers of Ottawa for his work in building and politics, built a sawmill at New Edinburgh . He was also known for building Rideau Hall , locks of the Rideau Canal , and

4672-401: Was an American who became one of the earliest major lumber barons, working on the Chaudière in the 1850s Bronson with his partner, John Harris in 1852 bought some land on Victoria Island, and the rights to use the water for industry. Harris and Bronson set up a large plant incorporating some modern features, which ushered in other entrepreneurs in an "American Invasion" to follow. Bronson had

4745-538: Was an environmental impact. The huge industrial operations at LeBreton Flats and the Chaudiere Falls caused pollution and damage to the lands. The beauty of the Chaudiere Falls had been completely changed by industry. The National Capital Commission removed a lot of the industrial structures in Ottawa and Hull in the 1960s. LeBreton, for various reasons, remained unoccupied for decades. LeBreton Flats and

4818-420: Was bound with other sticks into two related configurations, cribs, and rafts. Squared timber "became the main export" and was easy to ship overseas and could be moved by "pegged cribs". The rafts were floated on the Ottawa River to markets in Quebec. The first raftsmen were ex-pat American, Scottish, and Irish settlers. As more rafts were sent downriver as the industry expanded, more French Canadians moved into

4891-420: Was built in 1829 and during the next few years, other locations on the river began to employ them. This section of the Chaudière Falls where the first slide was built was on the north side of the Ottawa river, near the nicknamed "Little Kettle" waterfall. This construction of inclined slide was not just the first in Ottawa but it was the first in Canada to accommodate an entire crib of square timber. The trip to

4964-630: Was manned by Philemon, his 17-year-old son Tiberius and three crewmen—London Oxford, Martin Ebert and John Turner—along its trip to Quebec City . The raft had to be broken up into cribs to clear the Long Sault Rapids (the original Anishinaabe name was Kinodjiwan, meaning long-rapids, invisible since the river was dammed at the Carillon Generating Station ). The 300-kilometer trip was dangerous with treacherous sections of rapids, specifically

5037-582: Was named after Kingston upon Hull in England. Hull is a former municipality in the Province of Quebec and the location of the oldest non-Indigenous settlement in the National Capital Region. Prior to European settlement, various Anishinaabe peoples including the Algonquins inhabited the area. It was founded on the north shore of the Ottawa River in 1800 by Philemon Wright at the portage around

5110-556: Was once the town's main commercial area, and displacing some 4,000 residents. The disco era of the 1970s ushered in new prosperity for Hull's nightlife, and "Viva Disco" was named in Playboy magazine's top ten in North America. In the early 1980s, Hull City Council began encouraging the expansion of bars in the downtown area. Bars in Hull continued to remain open two additional hours compared to bars in Ontario, and some bars offered

5183-726: Was part of a Scottish merchant family whose lumber interests began in Canada in New Brunswick, then Montreal and then Bytown in 1841. In 1840, after his Montreal boss retired, Allan and his cousin James from Scotland took over the lumber business He dealt in square timber, and built mills on the Gatineau River, the South Nation River east of Ottawa, the Blanche River near Pembroke, and a mill in Trenton, Ontario. The firm employed over 1000 in

5256-560: Was reduced to 55 shillings and was abolished in 1842. The United Kingdom resumed its trade in Baltic timber. The change in Britain's tariff preferences was a result of Britain moving to Free Trade in 1840. The 1840s saw a gradual move from protectionism in Great Britain When the Ottawa River first began to be used for floating timber en route to markets, squared timber was the preference by

5329-462: Was the only original city name among the five final names offered as choices for the amalgamated city. A majority of the residents of all five cities chose Gatineau. In 2004, there was a referendum to decide whether Hull would remain in Gatineau. The majority of those who voted in Hull voted against the de-amalgamation, and the status quo prevailed. Hull is located at the confluence of the Gatineau and Ottawa rivers. Navigation beyond Ottawa-Hull on

#348651