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21-587: The acronym CMNH may refer to: Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pennsylvania Cleveland Museum of Natural History in Ohio Children's Miracle Network Hospitals , an international non-profit organization Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title CMNH . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

42-412: A Dutch microscopist, supported an effort to work for a 'modern' science over blind belief in the work of ancient philosophers. He worked—like Redi—to disprove spontaneous generation using experimental techniques. Swammerdam also made a number of advancements in the study of anatomy and physiology. In the field of entomology, he conducted a number of dissections of insects and made detailed observations of

63-411: A Swiss physician, worked to differentiate between two types of tape worm. He also wrote descriptions of both the worms he observed and the effects these worms had on their hosts. Following the publication of Francis Bacon 's ideas about the value of experimentation in the sciences came a shift toward true experimental efforts in the biological sciences, including invertebrate zoology. Jan Swammerdam ,

84-504: A microscope for observation of invertebrates, but is known for his work in disproving the theory of spontaneous generation . Redi managed to prove that flies did not spontaneously arise from rotting meat. He conducted controlled experiments and detailed observation of the fly life cycle in order to do so. Redi also worked in the description and illustration of parasites for both plants and animals. Other men were also conducting research into pests and parasites at this time. Felix Plater ,

105-595: A vast and very diverse group of animals that includes sponges , echinoderms , tunicates , numerous different phyla of worms , molluscs , arthropods and many additional phyla. Single-celled organisms or protists are usually not included within the same group as invertebrates. Invertebrates represent 97% of all named animal species , and because of that fact, this subdivision of zoology has many further subdivisions, including but not limited to: These divisions are sometimes further divided into more specific specialties. For example, within arachnology, acarology

126-899: Is a natural history museum in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . It was founded by Pittsburgh-based industrialist Andrew Carnegie in 1896. Housing some 22 million specimens, the museum features one of the most extensive paleontological and entomological collections in the world. The museum consists of 115,000 square feet (10,700 m ) organized into 20 galleries as well as research, library, and office space. It holds some 22 million specimens, of which about 10,000 are on view at any given time and about 1 million are cataloged in online databases. In 2008 it hosted 386,300 admissions and 63,000 school group visits. Museum education staff also actively engage in outreach by traveling to schools all around western Pennsylvania. The museum gained prominence in 1899 when its scientists unearthed

147-439: Is the study of mites and ticks ; within entomology, lepidoptery is the study of butterflies and moths , myrmecology is the study of ants and so on. Marine invertebrates are all those invertebrates that exist in marine habitats . In the early modern period starting in the late 16th century, invertebrate zoology saw growth in the number of publications made and improvement in the experimental practices associated with

168-526: The Royal Society in England, conducted observation of insects—including some of their larval forms—and other invertebrates, such as ticks. His Micrographia , published in 1665, included illustrations and written descriptions of the things he saw under the microscope. Others also worked with the microscope following its acceptance as a scientific tool. Francesco Redi , an Italian physician and naturalist, used

189-475: The body and contains the worm in some form. Antonio Vallisneri also worked with parasitic worms, specifically members of the genera Ascaris and Neoascaris . He found that these worms came from eggs. In addition, Vallisneri worked to elucidate the reproduction of insects, specifically the sawfly . In 1735, the first edition of Carl Linnaeus ' Systema Naturae was published; this work included information on both insects and intestinal worms. However,

210-403: The careful study of insects. In addition, Darwin collected many species of invertebrate during his time aboard HMS  Beagle ; many of the specimens collected were insects. Using these collections, he was able to study sexual dimorphism , geographic distribution of species, and mimicry ; all of these concepts influenced Darwin's theory of evolution. Unfortunately, a firm popular belief in

231-437: The field. (Insects are one of the most diverse groups of organisms on Earth. They play important roles in ecosystems, including pollination, natural enemies, saprophytes, and biological information transfer.) One of the major works to be published in the area of zoology was Conrad Gessner 's Historia animalium , which was published in numerous editions from 1551 to 1587. Though it was a work more generally addressing zoology in

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252-775: The fossils of Diplodocus carnegii . Notable dinosaur specimens include one of the world's very few fossils of a juvenile Apatosaurus , the world's first specimen of a Tyrannosaurus rex , and a recently identified species of oviraptorosaur named Anzu wyliei . Research teams including former Carnegie scientists made critical discoveries such as Puijila darwini , Castorocauda lutrasimilis , and Hadrocodium wui . Other major exhibits include Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems , Alcoa Foundation Hall of American Indians, Polar World: Wyckoff Hall of Arctic Life, Walton Hall of Ancient Egypt, Benedum Hall of Geology, Dinosaurs in Their Time, and Powdermill Nature Reserve , established by

273-414: The immutability of species was a major hurdle in the acceptance of the theory. Classification in the twentieth century shifted toward a focus on evolutionary relationships over morphological description. The development of phylogenetics and systematics based on this study is credited to Willi Hennig , a German entomologist. In 1966, his Phylogenetic Systematics was published; inside, Hennig redefined

294-408: The internal structures of these specimens. Swammerdam also worked on a classification of insects based on life histories; he managed to contribute to the literature proving that an egg, larva, pupa, and adult are indeed the same individual. In the 18th century, the study of invertebrates focused on the naming of species that were relevant to economic pursuits, such as agricultural pests. Entomology

315-537: The large sense, it did contain information on insect life. Much of the information came from older works; Gessner restated the work of Pliny the Elder and Aristotle while mixing old knowledge of the natural history of insects with his own observations. With the invention of the Microscope in 1599 came a new way of observing the small creatures that fall under the umbrella of invertebrate. Robert Hooke , who worked out of

336-444: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CMNH&oldid=760422654 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Carnegie Museum of Natural History The Carnegie Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as CMNH )

357-445: The museum in 1956 to serve as a field station for long-term studies of natural populations. The museum's active curatorial departments are: Anthropology , Birds , Botany , Herpetology ( Amphibians & Reptiles ), Invertebrate Paleontology , Invertebrate Zoology , Mammals , Minerals , Mollusks ( Malacology ), and Vertebrate Paleontology . These departments work collaboratively under strategic centers created to re-frame how

378-775: The museum leverages its research, exhibitions, and public programming to meet the challenges and issues of today. In late 2013, however, the museum's parent organization and interim administration eliminated multiple scientific positions, seriously reducing its capacity to conduct original research. Carnegie Museum of Natural History publishes scholarly journals and books including Annals of Carnegie Museum , which offers peer-reviewed articles in organismal biology, earth sciences, and anthropology; Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History , offering monographs or collections of related papers from symposia; and Special Publications of Carnegie Museum , documenting special topics or areas of research. Invertebrate Zoology Invertebrates are

399-466: The system developed by Linnaeus was an artificial one. The book also included descriptions of the organisms named inside of it. In 1859, Charles Darwin 's On the Origin of Species was published. In this book, he described his theory of evolution by natural selection . Both the work of Darwin and his contemporary, Alfred Russel Wallace —who was also working on the theory of evolution—were informed by

420-433: The tenth edition is considered the true starting point for the modern classification scheme for living things today. Linnaeus' universal system of classification made a system based on binomial nomenclature , but included higher levels of classification than simply the genus and species names. Systema Naturae was an investigation into the biodiversity on Earth. However, because it was based only on very few characters,

441-457: Was changing in big ways very quickly, as many naturalists and zoologists were working with hexapods. Work was also being done in the realm of parasitology and the study of worms. A French physician named Nicolas Andry de Bois-Regard determined that worms were the cause of some diseases. He also declared that worms do not spontaneously form within the animal or human gut; de Bois-Regard stated that there must be some kind of 'seed' which enters

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