Misplaced Pages

#489510

29-899: CLW may refer to: ISO code for the Chulym language National Rail station code for Chorleywood station , Hertfordshire, England Carlton le Willows Academy , a secondary school in Nottinghamshire Chittaranjan Locomotive Works , a locomotive manufacturing plant in India China Labor Watch Clearwater Paper Corporation Clearwater Air Park , an airport in Clearwater, Florida ( IATA : CLW , FAA LID : CLW ) College Louise Wegmann , edited by Ryan Kassem College of Librarianship Wales Topics referred to by

58-528: A Turkic language. Chulym comprises two distinct dialects with multiple sub-dialects, corresponding to locations along the Chulym River . The native ethnonym is given in italics. The "Upper Chulym dialect" identified by Harrison & Anderson is in fact the Melet sub-dialect of Middle Chulym. The Chulym-Turkic language is a geographical, rather than a linguistic term. In its diachronic perspective, it comprised

87-612: A (sub-)dialectal continuum with the neighboring (sub-)dialects showing only slight differentiation, while those at the extremes or the periphery of the area were rather mutually unintelligible. Chulym is a moribund language and will most likely be extinct by the 2030s. It is listed in the UNESCO Red Book of Endangered Languages . During the filming of the 2008 American documentary film The Linguists , linguists Greg Anderson and K. David Harrison interviewed and recorded 20 speakers and estimated there may be 35 fluent speakers out of

116-545: A / may also be heard as [ ə ] in unstressed position. Like many other Turkic languages , Chulym expresses aktionsart through auxiliary verbs . Polyverbal constructions with actionable characteristics can express "state" (S), "process" (P), "entering a state" (ES), "entering a process" (EP) and "multiplicative process" (MP). This is recognized as universal in Turkic languages. S, P, ES and EP reflect episodic actions, whereas MP are habitual. ES and EP only seem to occur in

145-674: A Shor language revival. The language is now taught at the Novokuznetsk branch of the Kemerovo State University . The two main dialects are Mrassu and Kondoma, named after the rivers in whose valleys they are spoken. From the point of view of classification of Turkic languages, these dialects belong to different branches of Turkic: According to the reflexes of the Proto-Turkic (PT) intervocalic -d- in modern languages (compare PT *adak, in modern Turkic languages meaning 'foot' or 'leg'),

174-573: A community of overall 426 members. The youngest fluent speaker, Vasya Gabov, was 54 at the time of filming. Lemskaya mentions that Gabov seems to be the youngest speaker of the Tutal dialect, whereas she has found speakers in their late 40s of the Melet dialect (which Anderson & Harrison call 'Upper Chulym'). The speakers are located in Russia , in southwestern Siberia , north of the Altay Mountains , in

203-447: A fricative [ χ ] in final positions. The phonetic value of / v / is uncertain, but Dul'zon lists it as bilabial / β / . Either way, it may be heard as [ v ] or [ β ] . Dul'zon also includes voiceless nasal / m̥ / and voiceless liquids / r̥ / and / l̥ / , these are not found in the more recent publication of Pomorska. [ æ, æː ] are said to also be allophones of / e, eː / across dialects. /

232-580: A modified Russian alphabet (excluding Ё ё, Ф ф, Щ щ, and Ѣ ѣ) with additional letters Ј ј, Ҥ ҥ, Ӧ ӧ, and Ӱ ӱ. In 1927 an official alphabet was adopted, being the Russian alphabet (excluding Ё ё and ъ) with additional letters Ј ј, Ҥ ҥ, Ӧ ӧ, and Ӱ ӱ. A Latin alphabet for the Shor language was introduced in 1930: A a, B в, C c, D d, Ə ə, F f, G g, Ƣ ƣ, I i, J j, K k, Q q, M m, N n, Ꞑ ꞑ, O o, Ө ө, P p, R r, S s, T t, U u, V v, Ş ş, Z z, Ƶ ƶ, L l, Ь ь, Y y, Į į. The order of

261-570: A region called Mountain Shoriya , in Kemerovo Oblast in Southwest Siberia , although the entire Shor population in this area is over 12,000 people. Presently, not all ethnic Shors speak Shor and the language suffered a decline from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. During this period the Shor language was neither written nor taught in schools. However, since the 1980s and 1990s there has been

290-515: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Chulym language The language is spoken in Russia, at various locations along the Chulym River . The Chulym language was considered to belong to the Siberian Turkic group of Turkic languages that also includes Khakas , Shor and Saryg-Yughur languages. Nogorodov et al. argue that Chulym

319-515: Is of Kipchak origins, based on the Leipzig-Jakarta list. This comparison shows that 87 of the 100 items match the Kipchak items, whereas only 67 are cognate to Oghuz Turkic . Chulym was once a widely spoken language but its history consists of "multiple waves of colonization and linguistic assimilation first into Turkic, and now into Russian". This shift becomes even more evident when one studies

SECTION 10

#1732892101490

348-617: The perfective aspect , while the others occur in both perfective and imperfective . Chulym uses SOV word order and post-positions , just like many of the neighboring Turkic and Tatar languages . As its speakers lose more and more knowledge of their language because of the language devalorization process described above, Chulym has borrowed a large amount of Russian words in recent years. Most commonly, interjections and discourse markers are borrowed from Russian, in addition to concepts that have no corresponding Chulym words. The Siberian folk band Otyken are known for singing in

377-658: The Chulym language's chances of survival are slim. The language is closely related to the Shor and Khakas languages. Though all these are considered by some as one language, the Ös speakers themselves do not believe this to be the case. Lower Chulym had more Tatar influence and Middle Chulym having more Khakas influence. There is also a significant Yeniseic influence on the language, with those who speak Middle Chulym themselves likely being descendants of Yeniseic , Ob Ugric , and Samoyedic speaking peoples who assimilated and began speaking

406-537: The Chulym language. The word ' otyken ' is a Chulym word meaning 'a sacred place where warriors would discard their weapons and debate'. There is an ongoing effort by the Living Tongues Institute to write a book in Chulym and make it available through mass media. Shor language Shor ( endonym : шор тили , şor tili ; тадар тили , tadar tili ), or Kuznets Tatar , is a critically endangered Turkic language spoken by about 2,800 people in

435-471: The Chulym people forced to abandon their language, but also the government dropped them from the census statistics as a distinct ethnic group after 1959. Under the eyes of the government, the Chulym population was seen as non-existent, and not enough to earn itself a place as a different national unit; it was not until 1999 that the community regained their status as a separate ethnic entity. Thus with Russia's urbanization and domination of their national language,

464-513: The Cyrillic alphabet, of which several editions have been published since then. The Mrassu dialect served as a basis for literary Shor language both in the 1930s and in the 1980s when the written form of the Shor language was revitalized after a break (of almost 50 years) in its written history. However, the Kondoma dialect norms are also largely accepted. The Academy grammar of Shor, published in 1941,

493-526: The Mrassu dialect is a -z- variety: azaq, the Kondoma dialect is a -y- variety: ayaq. This feature normally distinguishes different branches of Turkic which means that the Shor language has formed from different Turkic sources. Each Shor dialect has subdialectal varieties. The Upper-Mrassu and the Upper-Kondoma varieties have developed numerous close features in the course of close contacts between their speakers in

522-511: The Shors. The Shor written language had its 'golden age' in the 1920s. In 1927, a second attempt was made to create a Shor alphabet based on Cyrillic. In 1932-1933, Fedor Cispijakov wrote and published a new primer based on the Latin alphabet. This however considerably complicated the process of learning; thus in 1938, the same author together with Georgij Babuskin created a new variant of the primer based on

551-588: The basin of the Chulym River , a tributary of the Ob River . Ös speakers reside primarily in Belij Yar , Novoshumilovo, Ozyornoe, and Teguldet , in eastern Tomsk Oblast and Pasechnoe in western Krasnoyarsk Kray . All speakers are bilingual in Russian . The fact that Chulym had no written indigenous tradition, made it even more difficult for the language to endure. It was not until David Harrison and Greg Anderson from

580-417: The documentary The Linguists , that they began using scientific methods to document the Chulym language. The two linguists highlighted the efforts made to preserve the Chulym language and record what language loss meant to the community. The two travel to Tegl'det, a small village where they were able to find three Chulym speakers. It was there that they met Vasya, who was the youngest native Chulym speaker at

609-464: The language was no longer passed on to the children. Furthermore, in the 1970s, the Chulym community was forced into Russian-speaking settlements, where they had to adapt and speak the Russian language in order to move up in the social ladder and have greater chances of economic prosperity. Soon enough, Chulym speakers were abandoning their native tongue; this caused the community to lose a great number of speakers and their language traditions. Not only were

SECTION 20

#1732892101490

638-407: The nation's language and were forced not to speak their own native tongue. The program quickly caused the community to abandon the Chulym language. Soon enough, the language became associated with negative connotations and thus it gained an inferior and low social status. In the film The Linguists , a Chulym native speaker named Vasya Gabov claimed that "Chulym was viewed as a 'gutter language'," and

667-407: The natives to interpret specific sentences, with the intention to identify some of the rules of Chulym grammar. With this, the linguists battled to offset the negative connotations of and attitudes towards the Chulym language. The following table lists the consonants of Chulym, dialectal variations are marked: MC = Middle Chulym dialect, LC = Lower Chulym dialect, K = Küärik subdialect of LC. No data

696-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title CLW . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CLW&oldid=1130167433 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

725-461: The structure of the language, which is distinguishable from other Siberian Turkic languages. Now, Middle Chulym has become endangered due to the Russian hostility that occurred during the mid-twentieth century. It was during the 1940s, when Joseph Stalin was in power, that there was an establishment of a program called "the second mother tongue policy". This included the act of rounding up children and sending them to boarding schools, where they learned

754-590: The time. Their process of documentation included sitting down in private with the speakers and recording them during the interview. Accordingly, in collaboration with Vasya and the other two speakers, the two linguists were able to list words in Chulym such as numbers, greetings, a wool-spinning song, aphorisms, and bear- and moose-hunting stories. They were also able to collect personal narratives, spontaneous conversations, body parts, colors, fauna, flora and kin terms, along with instructions on how to use certain tools such as fur-covered skis and wooden canoes. They also asked

783-411: The upper reaches of the Kondoma and Mrassu rivers. Before the 19th century the Shor language had remained unwritten; in the 1870s Orthodox missionaries made the first effort to create a Cyrillic Shor alphabet. In spite of all the efforts by the missionaries, the percentage of literacy among the native population increased very slowly — by the beginning of the 20th century they constituted only about 1% of

812-449: Was available for the other dialects. The table was derived from Dul'zon, Pomorska, and Li. / k / may also have an allophone of [ q ] when in back-vowel positions. / h / is only found medially and finally, it is the result of secondary spirantization . / r / can be heard as a trill [ r ] or a flap [ ɾ ] . / ɣ / can be heard as uvular [ ʁ ] in free variation. / q / can be heard as

841-558: Was written on the basis of the Mrass dialect by Dyrenkova . In 2005, to highlight the endangered status of the language, Gennady Kostochakov published a book of poems in Shor, entitled "I am the Last Shor Poet". In 2017, a Shor translation of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Liubovʹ Arbaçakova was published. The first book written in the Shor language was published in 1885. It used

#489510