AER P60 2.4L V6 Twin-Turbocharged
44-587: The CLM P1/01 , renamed ENSO CLM P1/01 in 2017, is a sports prototype racing car built for Lotus Racing in 2014. The Lotus team entered the last five rounds of the World Endurance championship in 2014, but later took name as the Austrian based team ByKolles Racing . It is designed to meet the 2014 LMP1-L regulations for Le Mans Prototypes in the FIA World Endurance Championship as well as at
88-457: A driveshaft running over the top of the combustion engine. The flywheels could also output power to a secondary driveshaft which was connected to a limited-slip differential at the rear of the car which fed epicyclic gearboxes located in each rear wheel hub, allowing the GT-R to be all-wheel drive if necessary. The combustion engine output approximately 500 hp (370 kW; 510 PS), while
132-515: A minor chassis redesign, and could only be inserted through the front windshield. The developers prioritised efficiency over sheer thrust since the ACO established rules that limited fuel capacity for Le Mans Prototype 1 (LMP1) hybrids to 68 litres (18 US gal). With the weight bias of the GT-R LM heavier in the front and power primarily directed at the front axle, the wheels were offset to balance
176-611: A new chassis, provisionally named the Lotus T129. The new chassis missed the first three rounds of the season, including the 24 Hours of Le Mans , and made its racing debut, renamed as the CLM P1/01, at the 2014 6 Hours of Circuit of the Americas . The car made its public debut at the 2014 24 Hours of Le Mans , renamed as the Lotus P1/01, however, the car was not able to run in any session of
220-474: A rear hydraulic anti-roll bar system. The Xtrac five-speed hydraulically-activated sequential gearbox was cast by a Michigan -based company. Cosworth supplied the car's engine control unit for the gearbox which provided power to the wheels via the hydraulic limited-slip differential. Nissan publicly announced its GT-R LM program in East London on 23 May 2014. Six months later, drivers began testing
264-511: A spin rendered the car inoperable. The P1/01 finished in 5th place overall (3rd among privateer teams) behind the #3 Rebellion Racing and #11 SMP Racing Entry at the Fuji round. At Shanghai, the car had to be retired after engine issues caused it to stop on the main straight. In early February of 2019, it was announced that ByKolles would be missing the 1000 Miles of Sebring after a dispute with Nissan, their engine supplier, over performance and payment of
308-531: A third car would be entered for the 24 Hours of Le Mans . By the time of its planned debut at Silverstone, drivers had covered 3,800 kilometres (2,400 mi) with the GT-R LM in testing but its first racing appearance was delayed until Le Mans because the car twice failed its crash test and was forced to miss the WEC pre-season test session at the Circuit Paul Ricard . The first crash test ended in failure because
352-533: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Nissan GT-R LM Nismo The Nissan GT-R LM Nismo is a sports prototype racing car built by the Nissan Motor Company and their motorsports division Nismo . Designed for the Le Mans Prototype 1 (LMP1) regulations of the FIA World Endurance Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans , the GT-R LM was unique amongst Le Mans Prototypes at
396-447: Is not related to the sports car. The GT-R LM Nismo program was announced on 23 May 2014, while the car was publicly shown for the first time in a Nissan commercial during Super Bowl XLIX on 1 February 2015. It was retired from competition at the end of 2015, after having only competed unsuccessfully at the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans . Chief designer Ben Bowlby was given the brief from Nissan to not design an "Audi copy" . Bowlby placed
440-416: Is used in the highest-level categories of sports car racing . This is basically a purpose-built sports racing car, as opposed to the street-legal and production-based ones, and is therefore not intended for consumer purchase or production beyond that required to compete in races. Prototype racing cars have competed in sports car racing since before World War II , but became the top echelon of sports cars in
484-424: The 1978 - 1981 seasons). In 1985 - 1992 seasons titles were awarded to teams entering sports prototypes (instead of manufacturers of sports prototypes). In historic racing, they are often called "sports racing cars". Sometimes, they are metonymically referred to as "Le Mans cars", as the 24 Hours of Le Mans has been closely associated with the category in recent decades and features entries from several of
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#1733093837497528-500: The 24 Hours of Le Mans . The P1/01 debuted at the 2014 6 Hours of Circuit of the Americas , round four of the FIA World Endurance Championship . ByKolles Racing, previously known as Kodewa or Lotus Racing, were participating in the FIA World Endurance Championship in the LMP2 class, fielding a pair of Lotus T128 chassis. In 2014, Lotus Racing confirmed that they would enter the LMP1 class with
572-461: The #9 Toyota TS050 Hybrid and one lap ahead of the LMP2 leader, the #26 G-Drive Racing Oreca run by TDS . At Le Mans, the P1/01 driven by Oliver Webb was forced to retire after debris from the track impacted the front of the car on the opening lap, breaking the steering and damaging the bodywork. This subsequently lead to the engine overheating whenever the car was sent back out. Ultimately, the car became
616-528: The 1960s as they began to replace homologated sports cars. Current ACO regulations allow most sports car series to use two forms of cars: grand tourers (GT cars) , which are strictly based on production street cars, and sports prototypes , which are allowed a great amount of flexibility within set rule parameters. In 1953 - 1984 seasons the World Sportscar Championship titles were awarded to manufacturers of sports prototypes (except of
660-542: The Automobile Club I'Ouest's confirmation of the team's promotion to the official entry list, the team resumed its testing programme with a new Le Mans aero package. The team entered the 2020 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps in preparation for the 24 Hours of Le Mans, with Oliver Webb , Tom Dillmann and Bruno Spengler driving the ENSO CLM, in the car's Le Mans-style low-downforce aero kit. The team qualified 4th overall for
704-670: The GT-R LM undertake its first running in night conditions, before travelling to Michelin Laurens Proving Grounds in South Carolina that same month for straight line speed testing. A weeks' worth of running at Sebring International Raceway in March ended prematurely after two days because of an engine mounting problem. Nissan intended to enter two GT-R LM's in the 2015 FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC) starting in April 2015, while
748-504: The GT-R LM's combustion engine in front of the cockpit, a layout that had only been used before in the Panoz LMP-1 . Unlike the Panoz's rear-wheel drive powertrain, the GT-R LM powered the front axle through a gearbox located in front of the engine. This was done in the belief Nissan could construct a front-engine car that was faster and had improved stability and efficiency. When designing
792-672: The Nismo VRX30A engine. It was also implied that the team was considering a change in engine suppliers going forward. On February 15, ByKolles officially announced that they had changed engine suppliers, opting to drop the Nissan Nismo VRX30A in favor of the Gibson GL458 4.5 litre V8, the same engine powering Rebellion's R13s and DragonSpeed's BR Engineering BR1. Ahead of the 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans , team owner Colin Kolles announced that
836-447: The Nismo VRX30A engine. Unlike the previous season, the P1/01 was not the only LMP1 non hybrid entry, being joined by Rebellion's R-13, SMP and Dragonspeed's BR Engineering BR1s and CEFC TRSM Racing's Ginetta G60-LT-P1. Despite this, a privateer LMP1 team championship was still unavailable. At the first round of the season at Spa-Francorchamps, the P1/01 managed to finish in 4th place overall (2nd among privateer teams) after several other of
880-581: The Nurburgring and at the Circuit of the Americas. However, the car was excluded from the results of the 24 Hours of Le Mans due to incorrect driver weight ballast. The P1/01 returned in 2016, with radically changed bodywork in order to improve the aerodynamics of the car. The car kept the same number as the previous season, #4. The gearbox was also upgraded to a 7-speed from a 6-speed, at the 24 Hours of Le Mans . The car struggled with reliability issues throughout
924-745: The car for the first time in a two-day roll-out session at the Nissan Technology Centre in Stanfield, Arizona . Testing continued into January 2015 at the Circuit of the Americas . Initially planned for a launch in Europe, Nissan North America chose instead to integrate the new car into their Super Bowl commercial and the film was made during the GT-R LM's testing at Circuit of the Americas. Testing resumed in February at Palm Beach International Raceway which saw
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#1733093837497968-519: The car was not able to qualify, it finished the event in second place in the LMP1-L class, completing 140 laps, nine laps down on the class winning Rebellion R-One . At the following race in Fuji , the car burst into flames after 181 laps, after a fuel line ruptured. The driver of the car at the time, Christophe Bouchut , escaped without injury, but left the team after the race. The P1/01 claimed one more finish at
1012-660: The car's front roll hoop was damaged. Engineers were also mandated to redesign the car's door because the FIA decided they should have include an anti-burst load but failed its test first time around and the door's structure was entirely altered following its skin cracking. Testing resumed in April with four days' worth of endurance running with 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) amassed at the NCM Motorsports Park race track in Bowling Green, Kentucky . The company named nine drivers to
1056-443: The car, Bowlby noted the rear-end designs of Le Mans Prototype were limited in size, resulting in poor aerodynamic efficiency and saw the front-end of such vehicles had been largely untouched, "So we thought: why not turn the rules on their head and make a car with lots of downforce at the front? Not only does this give us greater freedom within the rules, but front downforce is generated more efficiently, with less drag. Moreover, with
1100-456: The car. The front tyres were 14 in (360 mm) wide, while the rear tyres were only 9 in (230 mm) wide. Michelin served as the team's tyre supplier and worked closely with Nissan to determine the correct compound and size for the car's front and back wheels. Cooling for the engine, gearbox and flywheel systems was located in the nose of the car, allowing the bodywork around the cockpit to be utilised as airflow tunnels. The use of
1144-486: The event due to a change in the engine the car was going to use. The car was originally going to use a 4-litre, naturally aspirated Audi V8, but the deal collapsed due to unknown reasons, and the car was fitted with a 2.4-litre twin turbo V6 from AER . The car made its racing debut at the next round of the World Endurance Championship , the 6 Hours of Circuit of the Americas , with car number #9. Although
1188-402: The first retirement of the race. In its final race of the season at Nurburgring, the P1/01 came in 14th overall and 5th in class. Following this race, Team ByKolles decided to retire for the remainder of the season to focus on improving for the 2018-2019 season due to new LMP1 entries from Rebellion, SMP and Ginetta. The P1/01 came into the 2018-2019 super season relatively unchanged. It retained
1232-472: The flywheel system had an additional output of approximately 750 hp (560 kW; 760 PS). The company sought engineers from its performance division Nismo for their knowledge on the engine's development, but had problems installing the power plant into the monocoque. Engineers interpreted the regulations set by the FIA and the organiser the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) differently, causing
1276-563: The following event in Shanghai , but was unable to finish at Bahrain or São Paulo . Minor changes were made to the P1/01 for the 2015 season, including the transmission casing and a change to the bodywork. The revised car made its debut in March, at the Paul Ricard circuit. The car's number also changed from #9 to #4 for this season. The P1/01 claimed its first two wins in the Privateer class, at
1320-489: The front end doing most of the work, we could trim out the rear wing and save even more drag, which is invaluable at Le Mans." The chassis was made from carbon fibre which helped engineers lower the weight of the car to the minimum limit of 870 kilograms (1,920 lb) as set by motorsport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The engine, co-developed by Nissan and Cosworth ,
1364-427: The main championships contested by prototypes. Since the 1960s, various championships have allowed prototypes to compete. However, most championships have had their own set of rules for their prototype classes. Listed here are some of the more commonly known types of prototypes. This sports car racing -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This motorsport-related article
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1408-496: The next set of drivers. Jann Mardenborough and Lucas Ordóñez , former winners of Nissan's GT Academy were also announced alongside former FIA GT1 World Champion Michael Krumm . Former Marussia Formula One driver Max Chilton and multiple sports car racer Alex Buncombe were the final two drivers confirmed for Nissan's program. The car underwent further testing after Le Mans at NOLA Motorsports Park in December 2015 before
1452-582: The post season rookie test in Bahrain , Former Formula One driver Robert Kubica tested the car. The P1/01 was the only non-hybrid entry in the LMP1 class. Along with this, there was no longer a trophy for private LMP1 teams. As such, it was greatly outclassed by its hybrid competition from Porsche and Toyota. The car had a few upgrades coming into the season, most notably addition of the Nissan Nismo VRX30A Evo from Nissan's flopped GT-R LM program over
1496-471: The previous 2.4-litre twin turbo V6 designed by AER. Aerodynamics were also improved and weight of the car was reduced. At Silverstone, the P1/01 completed 155 laps but was involved in a collision with the #97 Aston Martin at the pit lane entry, causing enough damage to the front to make it unable to finish the race. At the Spa-Francorchamps round, the P1/01 managed to finish in 6th position two laps behind
1540-475: The privateer LMP1s had issues affecting their ability to finish the race. At Le Mans, the P1/01 was forced to retire after Dominik Kraihamer collided with the #80 Ebimotors GTE-Am Porche while attempting to pass it at the Porsche curves. The car then made heavy impact with the wall, damaging it beyond repair for the race, continuing the car's bad luck at Le Mans. At Silverstone, the P1/01 was forced to retire again after
1584-478: The program was officially cancelled on 22 December. A second-generation GT-R LM Nismo had been designed for 2016, adapted to run an electrical hybrid system, but was never completed before the project ended. The GT-R LM made its virtual debut in Gran Turismo 6 as downloadable content for the 2015 GT Academy competition. The car made its racing debut at the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans . Three cars were entered for
1628-454: The race by Nissan Motorsports , numbered 21, 22 and 23. The cars qualified in the last three places of the LMP1 class with times over 20 seconds slower than the pole position time set by the No. 18 Porsche 919 Hybrid . The No. 21 car was even out-qualified by the fastest LMP2 car. After the three cars failed to achieve a time within 110 percent of the pole position time, they were demoted to the back of
1672-408: The race, but finished in 27th overall, 14 laps down on the winning Toyota TS050 Hybrid. ByKolles entered the P1/01 in the closing round of the 2024 Masters Endurance Legends season at Mugello , with Christophe Bouchut driving the car and winning the first of the two races. Sports prototype A sports prototype , sometimes referred to simply as a prototype , is a type of race car that
1716-464: The season, culminating in fires at the 24 Hours of Le Mans and Nürburgring . The Rebellion Racing team withdrew one of their two cars from the championship after Nürburgring, leaving only two cars in the class. The car managed to claim a win in the 2016 6 Hours of Shanghai after the competing Rebellion R-One had technical issues. The car finished 2nd in the Private LMP1 Teams championship. At
1760-527: The team in early 2015. Former Le Mans winner Marc Gené was the first driver announced for the program, moving to the team from rivals Audi. Gené later announced in May 2015 that he would not race for the team but would remain in an advisory capacity. His seat was filled by Mark Shulzhitskiy . Harry Tincknell , who won the LMP2 category at Le Mans in 2014, joined former European Le Mans Series champion Olivier Pla and defending Super GT champion Tsugio Matsuda as
1804-622: The team would not be participating in the full WEC season, and would instead participate in selected races, including the 24 Hours of Le Mans, as the team sought to develop a new car for the Le Mans Hypercar regulations. Initially, the team's entry for the 2020 Le Mans was placed on the reserve list, before being promoted following the withdrawal of the SRT41 Garage 56 entry, and the Porsche North America GTE-Pro entries. Prior to
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1848-522: The time for utilizing a front mid-engine layout for its internal combustion engine , as opposed to the rear mid-engine layout used by nearly all other competitors in the category. It was Nissan's first prototype chassis since the R391 in 1999, although the company had developed engines in recent years. The car was branded after the Nissan GT-R road car and shares similar engine and drivetrain configurations, but
1892-468: The tunnels required the turbochargers to be placed on top of the engine, exhausting out of the top of the bodywork in front of the windshield. The rear drivetrain was designed without traditional halfshafts that would be required to traverse the tunnels, opting instead for the epicyclic gearing system to work around the tunnels. The suspension geometry was carefully refined and consisted of adjustable Penske rear dampers and Öhlins front dampers along with
1936-410: Was a 3.0 L (180 cu in) 60-degree V6 with dual turbochargers and direct injection , and was seen by Nissan as the most fuel efficient design. Behind the engine and beneath the cockpit was a kinetic energy recovery system using two flywheels developed by Torotrak. The flywheels gained energy from the use of the front brakes then discharges that energy back to the front wheels via
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