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43-510: The transmitter tower array is located off Floodway Road near Saint Adolphe . CJOB operates at 50,000 watts (the highest power permitted for Canadian AM stations), but because 680 kHz is a clear channel frequency , CJOB must use a directional antenna at all times to avoid interfering with other stations. Even with this restriction, CJOB's low frequency, transmitter power, and Manitoba's mostly flat land (with near-perfect ground conductivity) allow it to reach almost all of Manitoba during

86-457: A broadcast transmitter , a transmitter used in broadcasting , as in FM radio transmitter or television transmitter . This usage typically includes both the transmitter proper, the antenna, and often the building it is housed in. A transmitter can be a separate piece of electronic equipment, or an electrical circuit within another electronic device. A transmitter and a receiver combined in one unit

129-472: A frequency modulation (FM) transmitter, it is added by varying the radio signal's frequency slightly. Many other types of modulation are also used. The radio signal from the transmitter is applied to the antenna , which radiates the energy as radio waves. The antenna may be enclosed inside the case or attached to the outside of the transmitter, as in portable devices such as cell phones, walkie-talkies, and garage door openers . In more powerful transmitters,

172-544: A radio frequency alternating current , which is applied to the antenna . When excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates radio waves. Transmitters are necessary component parts of all electronic devices that communicate by radio , such as radio (audio) and television broadcasting stations, cell phones , walkie-talkies , wireless computer networks , Bluetooth enabled devices, garage door openers , two-way radios in aircraft, ships, spacecraft, radar sets and navigational beacons. The term transmitter

215-429: A radio frequency signal which when applied to the antenna produces the radio waves, called the carrier signal . It combines the carrier with the modulation signal, a process called modulation . The information can be added to the carrier in several different ways, in different types of transmitters. In an amplitude modulation (AM) transmitter, the information is added to the radio signal by varying its amplitude . In

258-518: A high voltage spark between two conductors. Beginning in 1895, Guglielmo Marconi developed the first practical radio communication systems using these transmitters, and radio began to be used commercially around 1900. Spark transmitters could not transmit audio (sound) and instead transmitted information by radiotelegraphy : the operator tapped on a telegraph key which turned the transmitter on-and-off to produce radio wave pulses spelling out text messages in telegraphic code, usually Morse code . At

301-413: A radio wave. A radio transmitter is an electronic circuit which transforms electric power from a power source, a battery or mains power, into a radio frequency alternating current to apply to the antenna, and the antenna radiates the energy from this current as radio waves. The transmitter also encodes information such as an audio or video signal into the radio frequency current to be carried by

344-571: A variety of license classes depending on use such as broadcast , marine radio , Airband , Amateur and are restricted to certain frequencies and power levels. A body called the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) allocates the frequency bands in the radio spectrum to various classes of users. In some classes, each transmitter is given a unique call sign consisting of a string of letters and numbers which must be used as an identifier in transmissions. The operator of

387-425: Is called a transceiver . The purpose of most transmitters is radio communication of information over a distance. The information is provided to the transmitter in the form of an electronic signal called the modulation signal, such as an audio (sound) signal from a microphone, a video (TV) signal from a video camera, or in wireless networking devices, a digital signal from a computer. The transmitter generates

430-506: Is it can often transmit more information ( data rate ) in a given bandwidth than analog, using data compression algorithms. Other advantages of digital transmission are increased noise immunity , and greater flexibility and processing power of digital signal processing integrated circuits . CJKR-FM CJKR-FM (97.5 MHz ) is a Canadian radio station broadcasting in Winnipeg, Manitoba . It airs an classic alternative format with

473-548: Is simulcast on Shaw Direct channel 860. The station first signed on the air on May 27, 1948 as CJOB-FM , an FM simulcast of CJOB . The station applied to the Board of Broadcast Governors (BBG) to move its broadcast frequency from 103.1 MHz to the current 97.5 MHz. It began airing distinct programming in 1962, featured a country format as CHMM-FM in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and then changed its format to soft rock and its call sign to CKIS-FM in 1984. In

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516-595: Is unknown when they were moved to this current location. At Noon on January 29, 2015, after playing " Fade to Black " by Metallica , CJKR began stunting with liners promoting that Winnipeg would be getting "bigger" the following day at 8 a.m., interspersed between 5-second clips of songs with the word "big" in them. At that time, CJKR flipped to a classic rock format as 97.5 Big FM , putting it in direct competition with long-time classic rock station CITI-FM (although that station still plays current rock songs describing itself as mainstream rock ). The first song on "Big"

559-411: Is usually limited to equipment that generates radio waves for communication purposes; or radiolocation , such as radar and navigational transmitters. Generators of radio waves for heating or industrial purposes, such as microwave ovens or diathermy equipment, are not usually called transmitters, even though they often have similar circuits. The term is popularly used more specifically to refer to

602-637: The UHF and microwave ranges, using new active devices such as the magnetron , klystron , and traveling wave tube . The invention of the transistor allowed the development in the 1960s of small portable transmitters such as wireless microphones , garage door openers and walkie-talkies . The development of the integrated circuit (IC) in the 1970s made possible the current proliferation of wireless devices , such as cell phones and Wi-Fi networks, in which integrated digital transmitters and receivers ( wireless modems ) in portable devices operate automatically, in

645-603: The Winnipeg Blue Bombers , Manitoba Moose , and Winnipeg Sea Bears . CJOB was a broadcaster of the original Winnipeg Jets of the WHA and NHL from 1972 to 1982, and again from 1992 to 1996, prior to their relocation to Arizona . On October 5, 2020, the current incarnation of the team announced that it would move its radio broadcasts to CJOB under a seven-year deal. CJKR-FM will simulcast all Jets broadcasts on FM. CJOB first signed on at 8 a.m. Monday, March 11, 1946. CJOB

688-676: The 1920s. All these early technologies were replaced by vacuum tube transmitters in the 1920s, which used the feedback oscillator invented by Edwin Armstrong and Alexander Meissner around 1912, based on the Audion ( triode ) vacuum tube invented by Lee De Forest in 1906. Vacuum tube transmitters were inexpensive and produced continuous waves , and could be easily modulated to transmit audio (sound) using amplitude modulation (AM). This made AM radio broadcasting possible, which began in about 1920. Practical frequency modulation (FM) transmission

731-750: The Canadian Traffic Network, Winnipeg's only helicopter traffic reports [1] Archived 2017-11-07 at the Wayback Machine In 2007, CJOB asked the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) for a nested FM frequency at 106.3 transmitter at Starbuck to rebroadcast CJOB (AM) (mono). On September 7, the CRTC denied Corus's application to simulcast the AM radio signal at 106.3 MHz. In April 2010, Corus Radio Winnipeg announced

774-547: The US, these fall under Part 15 of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations. Although they can be operated without a license, these devices still generally must be type-approved before sale. The first primitive radio transmitters (called spark gap transmitters ) were built by German physicist Heinrich Hertz in 1887 during his pioneering investigations of radio waves. These generated radio waves by

817-522: The United States run 100,000 watts or less. Because CJKR-FM is one of the oldest FM stations in Canada, it was grandfathered with a much higher power. (In Winnipeg, CBW-FM also operates with an unusually high power, 160,000 watts). Following a fire to its transmitter in 2021, the station has been operating on reduced power, with plans to install a new HD Radio antenna operating at 93,900 watts. Power 97

860-610: The antenna may be located on top of a building or on a separate tower, and connected to the transmitter by a feed line , that is a transmission line . Electromagnetic waves are radiated by electric charges when they are accelerated . Radio waves , electromagnetic waves of radio frequency , are generated by time-varying electric currents , consisting of electrons flowing through a metal conductor called an antenna which are changing their velocity and thus accelerating. An alternating current flowing back and forth in an antenna will create an oscillating magnetic field around

903-461: The background, to exchange data with wireless networks . The need to conserve bandwidth in the increasingly congested radio spectrum is driving the development of new types of transmitters such as spread spectrum , trunked radio systems and cognitive radio . A related trend has been an ongoing transition from analog to digital radio transmission methods. Digital modulation can have greater spectral efficiency than analog modulation ; that

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946-419: The conductor. The alternating voltage will also charge the ends of the conductor alternately positive and negative, creating an oscillating electric field around the conductor. If the frequency of the oscillations is high enough, in the radio frequency range above about 20 kHz, the oscillating coupled electric and magnetic fields will radiate away from the antenna into space as an electromagnetic wave,

989-405: The day. CJOB airs local talk shows during the day, with news-intensive segments during AM and PM drive time . Evenings, CJOB has a sports talk show, and at night, CJOB carries two national shows, " Charles Adler Tonight " and "The Shift with Drex." Weekends feature shows on health, travel, food, technology and cars. The station broadcasts play-by-play coverage of several sports teams, including

1032-402: The daytime, making it the province's second-most powerful station, after 990 CBW , powered at 50,000 watts day and night. In 1998, CJOB was sold to Western International Communications. In 2000, CJOB was sold to Corus Entertainment. In 2006, the station celebrated 60 years on-the-air. February 9, 2006, CJOB launches AIR680 Chopper, in partnership with MB Lottery's Corp. and contracted with

1075-437: The following communities: CJOB is also available on Shaw Direct satellite channel 861. Transmitter In electronics and telecommunications , a radio transmitter or just transmitter (often abbreviated as XMTR or TX in technical documents) is an electronic device which produces radio waves with an antenna with the purpose of signal transmission up to a radio receiver . The transmitter itself generates

1118-433: The future relocation of its radio broadcast facility to 1440 Rapelje Avenue (since renamed Jack Blick Avenue , after the station's founder), as part of a lease agreement between Corus Entertainment and Cadillac Fairview. The relocation to Polo Park was originally slated for January 2011. CJOB 680, CJGV-FM 99.1 (Groove FM) and CJKR-FM 97.5 (Power 97) would become the anchor tenants. Corus Radio Winnipeg planned to occupy

1161-550: The late 1980s, CKIS moved to a rock format, which was not in compliance with its licence at that time. Eventually, the station was allowed to amend its licence, stick with the rock format, and changed its call letters to CJKR-FM in 1991. In the late 2000s, the station moved from mainstream rock to active rock by reducing the classic rock in its playlist, aiming at a youthful male audience. In 2000, Western International Communications sold its Winnipeg stations to Corus Entertainment. In April 2010, Corus Radio Winnipeg announced

1204-555: The name Perimeter Television Broadcasters Ltd. , to build Winnipeg's first private television station, but were unsuccessful. The licence was issued to Moffat Broadcasting, which put CJAY-TV on the air in November 1960. The station moved in October 1962 to 930 Portage Avenue, temporarily sharing space with Sun Life, who moved to Broadway. CJOB was sold to OB Limited in 1964. In 1978, CJOB's broadcast power increased to 50,000 watts during

1247-496: The newly relaunched "Power 97" was Give It Away by Red Hot Chili Peppers . On October 5, 2020, it was announced that CJKR will serve as FM co-flagship of the Winnipeg Jets under a seven-year deal with Corus, with games airing in simulcast with sister AM station CJOB . During game broadcasts, CJKR's rock format is heard on the station's online stream. On October 8, 2024, CJKR flipped to classic alternative , while retaining

1290-426: The on-air brand name "Power 97". The station is owned and operated by Corus Entertainment , which also owns sister stations CJOB and CFPG-FM . The studios and offices are located at 201 Portage Avenue in downtown Winnipeg , while its transmitter is located on Brady Road in south Winnipeg. CJKR was formerly the most powerful FM radio station in Canada, operating with 310,000 watts . Most FM stations in Canada and

1333-421: The output frequency. Older designs used an oscillator at a lower frequency, which was multiplied by frequency multipliers to get a signal at the desired frequency. Modern designs more commonly use an oscillator at the operating frequency which is stabilized by phase locking to a very stable lower frequency reference, usually a crystal oscillator. Two radio transmitters in the same area that attempt to transmit on

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1376-400: The radio waves. When they strike the antenna of a radio receiver , the waves excite similar (but less powerful) radio frequency currents in it. The radio receiver extracts the information from the received waves. A practical radio transmitter mainly consists of the following parts: In higher frequency transmitters, in the UHF and microwave range, free running oscillators are unstable at

1419-486: The receiver, these pulses were sometimes directly recorded on paper tapes, but more common was audible reception. The pulses were audible as beeps in the receiver's earphones, which were translated back to text by an operator who knew Morse code. These spark-gap transmitters were used during the first three decades of radio (1887–1917), called the wireless telegraphy or "spark" era. Because they generated damped waves , spark transmitters were electrically "noisy". Their energy

1462-491: The relocation of its radio broadcast facility to 1440 Rapelje Avenue (since renamed Jack Blick Avenue ), as part of a lease agreement between Corus Entertainment and Cadillac Fairview. The relocation to Polo Park was scheduled for January 2011. CJOB, CJGV-FM and CJKR-FM would become the anchor tenants. Corus Radio Winnipeg planned to occupy the second floor of the three-storey building, expanding its radio, production and business operations to 17,500 square feet (1,630 m ). At

1505-475: The same frequency will interfere with each other, causing garbled reception, so neither transmission may be received clearly. Interference with radio transmissions can not only have a large economic cost, it can be life-threatening (for example, in the case of interference with emergency communications or air traffic control ). For this reason, in most countries, use of transmitters is strictly controlled by law. Transmitters must be licensed by governments, under

1548-517: The second floor of the three-story building, upsizing its radio, production and business operations to 17,500 square feet (1,630 m). At the time, general manager Garth Buchko said the stations had outgrown their 930 Portage Avenue facility. With the move, Corus Radio Winnipeg would also upgrade to state-of-the-art, fully digital on-air systems. At the end of February 2011, CJOB completed the move to its new location at 1440 Jack Blick Avenue. On March 11, 2011, CJOB celebrated 65 years on-the-air. In

1591-489: The spring of 2015, CJOB lost its long-held first place status as Winnipeg's highest-rated radio station to CBC Radio One station 990 CBW. In September 2017, CJOB cancelled a five-year contract with the Canadian Traffic Network, grounding Winnipeg's only news and traffic reporting helicopter, known as Skyview-1. Skyview-1's debut had coincided with the launch on February 6, 2012 of Global TV 's The Morning News program, which aired from 6-9 am. CJOB also has rebroadcasters in

1634-414: The time, general manager Garth Buchko said the stations had outgrown their 930 Portage Avenue facility. With the move, Corus Radio Winnipeg would also upgrade to state-of-the-art, fully digital on-air systems. At the end of February 2011, CJKR-FM completed the move to its new location at 1440 Jack Blick Avenue. As of April 2021, the three stations are again back in downtown Winnipeg at 201 Portage Avenue. It

1677-512: The transmitter usually must hold a government license, such as a general radiotelephone operator license , which is obtained by passing a test demonstrating adequate technical and legal knowledge of safe radio operation. Exceptions to the above regulations allow the unlicensed use of low-power short-range transmitters in consumer products such as cell phones , cordless telephones , wireless microphones , walkie-talkies , Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices, garage door openers , and baby monitors . In

1720-623: Was " Big Time " by Peter Gabriel . The new format was being described as a "homage to Winnipeg's rock heritage", with a playlist that is "familiar, and less predictable and has rock credibility". In November 2015, veteran broadcaster Shadoe Davis was hired for "The Shadoe Davis Show" from 6-10am weekdays. In March, he was joined by another veteran Winnipeg broadcaster, Joe Aiello. "Shadoe & Joe" can now be heard together with traffic reports from Randy Parker and news with Kathy Kennedy. On August 12, 2016, CJKR rebranded back to Power 97 , and returned to its active rock format. The first song played on

1763-463: Was a 250-watt station at 1340 kHz owned by John Oliver Blick (the "JOB" in the call sign ) The station moved to 680 kHz and increased its power to 5,000 watts on October 8, 1957. At the same time it installed a new antenna 90 metres (294 ft) high in Fort Whyte, Manitoba , 5 kilometres (3 mi) west of Hwy. 75. In 1959, CJOB applied to the Board of Broadcast Governors (BBG), under

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1806-440: Was invented by Edwin Armstrong in 1933, who showed that it was less vulnerable to noise and static than AM. The first FM radio station was licensed in 1937. Experimental television transmission had been conducted by radio stations since the late 1920s, but practical television broadcasting didn't begin until the late 1930s. The development of radar during World War II motivated the evolution of high frequency transmitters in

1849-492: Was spread over a broad band of frequencies , creating radio noise which interfered with other transmitters. Damped wave emissions were banned by international law in 1934. Two short-lived competing transmitter technologies came into use after the turn of the century, which were the first continuous wave transmitters: the arc converter ( Poulsen arc ) in 1904 and the Alexanderson alternator around 1910, which were used into

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