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57-451: CHUM-FM started broadcasting on September 1, 1963, with an ERP of 18,000 watts and a transmitter and studio at 1331 Yonge Street. It aired a classical music format, the first station in Canada to do so. On March 21, 1966, their ERP was increased to 54,000 watts. In 1968, CHUM-FM received approval for a change in its transmitter location and increase in power to 100,000 watts. The transmitter

114-411: A condominium developer and had acquired a new property, 250 Richmond Street West , to serve as the new home of CHUM-AM and CHUM-FM. On August 18, 2009, CHUM-FM left 1331 Yonge Street, ending 46 years at its historic home. The site would become home to a condominium complex. The new building is adjacent (and connected) to Bell Media 's headquarters at 299 Queen Street West (which also formerly housed

171-497: A waiver , and can exceed normal restrictions. For most microwave systems, a completely non-directional isotropic antenna (one which radiates equally and perfectly well in every direction – a physical impossibility) is used as a reference antenna, and then one speaks of EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power) rather than ERP. This includes satellite transponders , radar, and other systems which use microwave dishes and reflectors rather than dipole-style antennas. In

228-622: A cellular telephone tower has a fixed linear polarization, but the mobile handset must function well at any arbitrary orientation. Therefore, a handset design might provide dual polarization receive on the handset so that captured energy is maximized regardless of orientation, or the designer might use a circularly polarized antenna and account for the extra 3 dB of loss with amplification. For example, an FM radio station which advertises that it has 100,000 watts of power actually has 100,000 watts ERP, and not an actual 100,000-watt transmitter. The transmitter power output (TPO) of such

285-631: A co-host, until he too resigned in September 2015. On July 16, 2018, the show returned to three people with the addition of Jamar "J. Niice" McNeil branded as "Roger and Marilyn with Jamar". On October 25, 2018, Ashby announced that he would retire from the morning show effective December 6, after 50 years with CHUM-AM and CHUM-FM. As of January 2019, the show is now branded as "Marilyn Denis and Jamar" (McNeil taking over Ashby's seat as co-host), and Marilyn Denis as host. On July 4, 2017, CHUM-FM launched HD Radio multi-casting services. The HD1 sub-channel carried

342-464: A gain of 1× (equiv. 0 dBi). So ERP and EIRP are measures of radiated power that can compare different combinations of transmitters and antennas on an equal basis. In spite of the names, ERP and EIRP do not measure transmitter power, or total power radiated by the antenna, they are just a measure of signal strength along the main lobe. They give no information about power radiated in other directions, or total power. ERP and EIRP are always greater than

399-457: A half-hour of familiar music in 3/4 time and "At the Console" showcasing the world's great theatre organs. Other specialty programs included "Ray Wickens' Broadway" hosted by British theatre aficionado Ray Wickens and featuring full original cast recordings; and "The Golden Age of Comedy" hosted by Armand Romagnoli and Mark Lawrence presenting classic comedy routines and old-time radio comedies. For

456-508: A license to open CJEZ-FM (now CHBM-FM ) in Toronto . The station was subsequently sold to Affinity Radio Group in 1999. Affinity was acquired by Telemedia the following year, and Telemedia was itself bought out by Standard Broadcasting in 2002. In October 2007, Astral Media acquired Standard Broadcasting's terrestrial radio and television assets, including CHRE. On July 5, 2013, Bell Media officially took ownership of Astral Media, and as

513-575: A new logo (amending its brand to CHUM 104.5 , as opposed to 104.5 CHUM FM ), a generally hotter music direction, as well as a stronger emphasis on social media and community interaction. CHUM-FM's current host lineup includes Marilyn Denis , Jamar "J. Niice" McNeil, Ashley Greco, Josie Dye , Ruby Carr, Taylor Kaye, Peter Kash, and Aiko Iwashita. CHUM-FM's morning show was hosted by Roger Ashby and Marilyn Denis for 32 years. The show originally featured Rick Hodge as an additional host until he resigned in 2008; after Hodge's resignation, Darren B. Lamb became

570-575: A number of popular specialty programs. "A Starlight Concert" heard weeknights from 10 to 11pm features light classical music introduced by Francis Kirton who became the station's fine arts director. Kirton also hosted the Sunday morning programs "Variety Theatre" featuring condensations of popular operettas recorded by the Reader's Digest Association, "Concert in the Park" featuring marches and brass band music, "Waltz Time",

627-451: A result, CHRE became a part of Bell Media's radio station group. In January 2015, CHRE-FM's first home, the former CHSC studios at 36 Queenston Street in St. Catharines , was demolished; its land will be used for a four-storey apartment building. On December 27, 2020, as part of a mass format reorganization by Bell Media , CHRE rebranded as Move 105.7 . While the station would run jockless for

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684-423: A station typically may be 10,000–20,000 watts, with a gain factor of 5–10× (5–10×, or 7–10  dB ). In most antenna designs, gain is realized primarily by concentrating power toward the horizontal plane and suppressing it at upward and downward angles, through the use of phased arrays of antenna elements. The distribution of power versus elevation angle is known as the vertical pattern . When an antenna

741-886: A theoretical isotropic antenna. Since a half-wave dipole antenna has a gain of 1.64 (or 2.15 dB ) compared to an isotropic radiator, if ERP and EIRP are expressed in watts their relation is   E I R P ( W ) = 1.64 × E R P ( W )   {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {EIRP}}_{\mathsf {(W)}}=1.64\times {\mathsf {ERP}}_{\mathsf {(W)}}\ } If they are expressed in decibels   E I R P ( d B ) = E R P ( d B ) + 2.15   d B   {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {EIRP}}_{\mathrm {(dB)} }={\mathsf {ERP}}_{\mathrm {(dB)} }+2.15\ {\mathsf {dB}}\ } Effective radiated power and effective isotropic radiated power both measure

798-669: A time in the late 1970s the station also carried the syndicated version of "The CBS Radio Mystery Theatre". The station's most popular program was "Howard Cable Presents" hosted by Howard Cable who was, at the time, the music director for the Imperial Room at the Fairmont Royal York hotel in Toronto . The program showcased many of the performers appearing at the Imperial Room as well as popular songs from shows and movies, Big Band favorites and Classical music . On July 1, 1979,

855-983: Is   E I R P ( d B W ) = P T X   ( d B W ) − L ( d B ) + G ( d B i )   , {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {EIRP}}_{\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}=P_{{\mathsf {TX}}\ {\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}}-L_{\mathsf {(dB)}}+G_{\mathsf {(dB_{i})}}\ ,}   E R P ( d B W ) = P T X   ( d B W ) − L ( d B ) + G ( d B i ) − 2.15   d B   . {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {ERP}}_{\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}=P_{{\mathsf {TX}}\ {\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}}-L_{\mathsf {(dB)}}+G_{\mathsf {(dB_{i})}}-2.15\ {\mathsf {dB}}~.} Losses in

912-402: Is 8.77 dB d = 10.92 dB i . Its gain necessarily must be less than this by the factor η, which must be negative in units of dB. Neither ERP nor EIRP can be calculated without knowledge of the power accepted by the antenna, i.e., it is not correct to use units of dB d or dB i with ERP and EIRP. Let us assume a 100 watt (20 dB W ) transmitter with losses of 6 dB prior to

969-486: Is a commercial radio station in St. Catharines , Ontario , Canada, serving Niagara Region . It is owned by Bell Media and is branded as Move 105.7 . CHRE broadcasts an adult contemporary format . CHRE shares studios with its sister stations , CKTB and CHTZ-FM , in "Oak Hill Mansion", the former home of William Hamilton Merritt , at 12 Yates Street in downtown St. Catharines. CHRE-FM has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 50,000 watts . The transmitter

1026-422: Is a constant, i.e., 0 dB d = 2.15 dB i . Therefore, ERP is always 2.15 dB less than EIRP. The ideal dipole antenna could be further replaced by an isotropic radiator (a purely mathematical device which cannot exist in the real world), and the receiver cannot know the difference so long as the input power is increased by 2.15 dB. The distinction between dB d and dB i is often left unstated and

1083-538: Is also directional horizontally, gain and ERP will vary with azimuth ( compass direction). Rather than the average power over all directions, it is the apparent power in the direction of the peak of the antenna's main lobe that is quoted as a station's ERP (this statement is just another way of stating the definition of ERP). This is particularly applicable to the huge ERPs reported for shortwave broadcasting stations, which use very narrow beam widths to get their signals across continents and oceans. ERP for FM radio in

1140-411: Is an IEEE standardized definition of directional radio frequency (RF) power, such as that emitted by a radio transmitter . It is the total power in watts that would have to be radiated by a half-wave dipole antenna to give the same radiation intensity (signal strength or power flux density in watts per square meter) as the actual source antenna at a distant receiver located in the direction of

1197-406: Is larger it will be used instead. The maximum ERP for US FM broadcasting is usually 100,000 watts (FM Zone II) or 50,000 watts (in the generally more densely populated Zones I and I-A), though exact restrictions vary depending on the class of license and the antenna height above average terrain (HAAT). Some stations have been grandfathered in or, very infrequently, been given

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1254-456: Is on Cataract Road in Thorold , sharing its tower with CHTZ-FM. On March 20, 1967, the station signed on the air. Its owner was Radio Station CHSC Ltd., along with CHSC AM 1220 (now CFAJ ). At first, CHSC-AM-FM simulcast much of their programming. By 1970, the two stations were doing their own programming with CHSC-FM adopting a " Beautiful Music " format. During this time the station had

1311-822: Is possible for a station of only a few hundred watts ERP to cover more area than a station of a few thousand watts ERP, if its signal travels above obstructions on the ground. ELF 3 Hz/100 Mm 30 Hz/10 Mm SLF 30 Hz/10 Mm 300 Hz/1 Mm ULF 300 Hz/1 Mm 3 kHz/100 km VLF 3 kHz/100 km 30 kHz/10 km LF 30 kHz/10 km 300 kHz/1 km MF 300 kHz/1 km 3 MHz/100 m HF 3 MHz/100 m 30 MHz/10 m VHF 30 MHz/10 m 300 MHz/1 m UHF 300 MHz/1 m 3 GHz/100 mm SHF 3 GHz/100 mm 30 GHz/10 mm EHF 30 GHz/10 mm 300 GHz/1 mm THF 300 GHz/1 mm 3 THz/0.1 mm CHRE-FM CHRE-FM (105.7 MHz )

1368-438: Is quantified by the antenna gain , which is the ratio of the signal strength radiated by an antenna in its direction of maximum radiation to that radiated by a standard antenna. For example, a 1,000 watt transmitter feeding an antenna with a gain of 4× (equiv. 6 dBi) will have the same signal strength in the direction of its main lobe, and thus the same ERP and EIRP, as a 4,000 watt transmitter feeding an antenna with

1425-475: Is the same as ERP, except that a short vertical antenna (i.e. a short monopole ) is used as the reference antenna instead of a half-wave dipole . Cymomotive force ( CMF ) is an alternative term used for expressing radiation intensity in volts , particularly at the lower frequencies. It is used in Australian legislation regulating AM broadcasting services, which describes it as: "for a transmitter, [it] means

1482-448: Is typical for medium or longwave broadcasting, skywave , or indirect paths play a part in transmission, the waves will suffer additional attenuation which depends on the terrain between the antennas, so these formulas are not valid. Because ERP is calculated as antenna gain (in a given direction) as compared with the maximum directivity of a half-wave dipole antenna , it creates a mathematically virtual effective dipole antenna oriented in

1539-486: Is usually connected to the antenna through a transmission line and impedance matching network . Since these components may have significant losses   L   , {\displaystyle \ L\ ,} the power applied to the antenna is usually less than the output power of the transmitter   P T X   . {\displaystyle \ P_{\mathsf {TX}}~.} The relation of ERP and EIRP to transmitter output power

1596-1191: The EIRP or ERP. Since an isotropic antenna radiates equal power flux density over a sphere centered on the antenna, and the area of a sphere with radius   r   {\displaystyle \ r\ } is   A = 4 π   r 2   {\displaystyle \ A=4\pi \ r^{2}\ } then   S ( r ) =   E I R P     4 π   r 2     . {\displaystyle \ S(r)={\frac {\ {\mathsf {EIRP}}\ }{\ 4\pi \ r^{2}\ }}~.} Since   E I R P = E R P × 1.64   , {\displaystyle \ \mathrm {EIRP} =\mathrm {ERP} \times 1.64\ ,}   S ( r ) =   0.410 × E R P     π   r 2     . {\displaystyle \ S(r)={\frac {\ 0.410\times {\mathsf {ERP}}\ }{\ \pi \ r^{2}\ }}~.} After dividing out

1653-619: The FCC database shows the station's transmitter power output, not ERP. According to the Institution of Electrical Engineers (UK), ERP is often used as a general reference term for radiated power, but strictly speaking should only be used when the antenna is a half-wave dipole, and is used when referring to FM transmission. Effective monopole radiated power ( EMRP ) may be used in Europe, particularly in relation to medium wave broadcasting antennas. This

1710-717: The FM's morning show since 1974). Marilyn Denis would join the show in July 1986, with "Roger, Rick & Marilyn" becoming an instant success, making them some of the best known broadcasters in Toronto radio. Throughout the next two decades, CHUM-FM would usually be the highest rated station in the Toronto market, though it would occasionally alternate with CHFI, who was usually ranked a very close second, and would occasionally dip to third place behind CFRB . The station evolved to its current hot adult contemporary format in 1990. On May 26, 1998, CHUM-FM

1767-539: The United States is always relative to a theoretical reference half-wave dipole antenna. (That is, when calculating ERP, the most direct approach is to work with antenna gain in dB d ). To deal with antenna polarization, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lists ERP in both the horizontal and vertical measurements for FM and TV. Horizontal is the standard for both, but if the vertical ERP

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1824-428: The actual total power radiated by the antenna. The difference between ERP and EIRP is that antenna gain has traditionally been measured in two different units, comparing the antenna to two different standard antennas; an isotropic antenna and a half-wave dipole antenna: In contrast to an isotropic antenna, the dipole has a "donut-shaped" radiation pattern, its radiated power is maximum in directions perpendicular to

1881-426: The antenna itself are included in the gain. If the signal path is in free space ( line-of-sight propagation with no multipath ) the signal strength ( power flux density in watts per square meter)   S   {\displaystyle \ S\ } of the radio signal on the main lobe axis at any particular distance r {\displaystyle r} from the antenna can be calculated from

1938-505: The antenna's strongest beam ( main lobe ). ERP measures the combination of the power emitted by the transmitter and the ability of the antenna to direct that power in a given direction. It is equal to the input power to the antenna multiplied by the gain of the antenna. It is used in electronics and telecommunications , particularly in broadcasting to quantify the apparent power of a broadcasting station experienced by listeners in its reception area. An alternate parameter that measures

1995-1002: The antenna, declining to zero on the antenna axis. Since the radiation of the dipole is concentrated in horizontal directions, the gain of a half-wave dipole is greater than that of an isotropic antenna. The isotropic gain of a half-wave dipole is 1.64, or in decibels   10   log 10 ⁡ ( 1.64 ) = 2.15   d B   , {\displaystyle \ 10\ \log _{10}(1.64)=2.15\ {\mathsf {dB}}\ ,} so   G i = 1.64   G d   . {\displaystyle \ G_{\mathsf {i}}=1.64\ G_{\mathsf {d}}~.} In decibels   G ( d B i ) = G ( d B d ) + 2.15   d B   . {\displaystyle \ G_{\mathsf {(dB_{i})}}=G_{\mathsf {(dB_{d})}}+2.15\ {\mathsf {dB}}~.} The two measures EIRP and ERP are based on

2052-426: The antenna. ERP < 22.77 dB W and EIRP < 24.92 dB W , both less than ideal by η in dB. Assuming that the receiver is in the first side-lobe of the transmitting antenna, and each value is further reduced by 7.2 dB, which is the decrease in directivity from the main to side-lobe of a Yagi–Uda. Therefore, anywhere along the side-lobe direction from this transmitter, a blind receiver could not tell

2109-399: The callsign was changed to CHRE-FM for station owner R.E. (Robert) Redmond. By 1985, Redmond determined that the " beautiful music " audience was rapidly aging and opted to switch to a soft rock / adult contemporary format geared to a younger audience. At this time, all of the specialty programs were dropped. The parent company became known as Redmond Communications in 1985 and was granted

2166-568: The case of medium wave (AM) stations in the United States , power limits are set to the actual transmitter power output, and ERP is not used in normal calculations. Omnidirectional antennas used by a number of stations radiate the signal equally in all horizontal directions. Directional arrays are used to protect co- or adjacent channel stations, usually at night, but some run directionally continuously. While antenna efficiency and ground conductivity are taken into account when designing such an array,

2223-526: The deal was finalized on April 1, 2011, CTVglobemedia became Bell Media , and likewise CHUM Radio became Bell Media Radio , effectively retiring the last remaining piece of the former CHUM Limited company. CHUM Radio had been the only division of the company to retain the CHUM name following the acquisition of CHUM Limited by CTVglobemedia in 2007. On June 22, 2018, the station underwent a major rebranding as part of an effort to appeal more strongly to women, including

2280-403: The difference if a Yagi–Uda was replaced with either an ideal dipole (oriented towards the receiver) or an isotropic radiator with antenna input power increased by 1.57 dB. Polarization has not been taken into account so far, but it must be properly clarified. When considering the dipole radiator previously we assumed that it was perfectly aligned with the receiver. Now assume, however, that

2337-473: The direction of the receiver. In other words, a notional receiver in a given direction from the transmitter would receive the same power if the source were replaced with an ideal dipole oriented with maximum directivity and matched polarization towards the receiver and with an antenna input power equal to the ERP. The receiver would not be able to determine a difference. Maximum directivity of an ideal half-wave dipole

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2394-434: The factor of   π   , {\displaystyle \ \pi \ ,} we get:   S ( r ) =   0.131 × E R P     r 2     . {\displaystyle \ S(r)={\frac {\ 0.131\times {\mathsf {ERP}}\ }{\ r^{2}\ }}~.} However, if the radio waves travel by ground wave as

2451-615: The first week of the format, on-air staff would return on January 4, 2021. CHRE was the last radio station in Ontario under the " EZ Rock " branding, which continued to exist on a chain of Bell Media radio stations in British Columbia , before they were flipped to the adult hits "Bounce" brand in May 2021. On February 8, 2024, Bell announced a restructuring that included the sale of 45 of its 103 radio stations to seven buyers, subject to approval by

2508-428: The power density a radio transmitter and antenna (or other source of electromagnetic waves) radiate in a specific direction: in the direction of maximum signal strength (the " main lobe ") of its radiation pattern. This apparent power is dependent on two factors: The total power output and the radiation pattern of the antenna – how much of that power is radiated in the direction of maximal intensity. The latter factor

2565-441: The product, expressed in volts, of: It relates to AM broadcasting only, and expresses the field strength in " microvolts per metre at a distance of 1 kilometre from the transmitting antenna". The height above average terrain for VHF and higher frequencies is extremely important when considering ERP, as the signal coverage ( broadcast range ) produced by a given ERP dramatically increases with antenna height. Because of this, it

2622-449: The reader is sometimes forced to infer which was used. For example, a Yagi–Uda antenna is constructed from several dipoles arranged at precise intervals to create greater energy focusing (directivity) than a simple dipole. Since it is constructed from dipoles, often its antenna gain is expressed in dB d , but listed only as dB. This ambiguity is undesirable with respect to engineering specifications. A Yagi–Uda antenna's maximum directivity

2679-464: The receiving antenna is circularly polarized, and there will be a minimum 3 dB polarization loss regardless of antenna orientation. If the receiver is also a dipole, it is possible to align it orthogonally to the transmitter such that theoretically zero energy is received. However, this polarization loss is not accounted for in the calculation of ERP or EIRP. Rather, the receiving system designer must account for this loss as appropriate. For example,

2736-792: The same programming as the standard analog frequency, while the HD2 sub-channel carried a simulcast of sister station CFRB , and the HD3 sub-channel carried a simulcast of CHUM-AM . As of Spring 2018, CHUM-FM is no longer broadcasting in HD, with the sub-channels moving to sister station CKFM-FM . *Currently being sold to other owners pending approval of the CRTC. 43°38′59″N 79°23′26″W  /  43.64975°N 79.39067°W  / 43.64975; -79.39067 Effective radiated power Effective radiated power ( ERP ), synonymous with equivalent radiated power ,

2793-442: The same thing is effective isotropic radiated power ( EIRP ). Effective isotropic radiated power is the hypothetical power that would have to be radiated by an isotropic antenna to give the same ("equivalent") signal strength as the actual source antenna in the direction of the antenna's strongest beam. The difference between EIRP and ERP is that ERP compares the actual antenna to a half-wave dipole antenna, while EIRP compares it to

2850-547: The show after a stint of afternoon drive host); Lamb left the station on September 23, 2015, with mornings hosted by Ashby and Denis. After a stint at CFRB and CJEZ-FM , Hodge would later move to sister station CHRE-FM in St. Catharines , where he remained until his retirement in 2019; Lamb would join CHFI in February 2016, and remained until his departure in 2021. Also in 2008, CTVglobemedia announced they had sold 1331 Yonge Street to

2907-602: The songs in the countdown; the TV version was discontinued in January 2008, following Rogers Communications ' acquisition of Citytv. In June 1984, the station started evolving towards adult contemporary , with the shift completed by that September, though the station would retain a rock lean through the remainder of the decade. Longtime morning show host Roger Ashby would join the station from CHUM-AM on September 2, 1985, and would be paired with Rick Hodge (who had been doing sports updates on

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2964-477: The station was authorized, along with other Toronto FM and TV stations, to move their transmitter to the top of the CN Tower . The new transmitter was turned on on May 31, 1976, with a reduced ERP of 40,000 watts. In 1978, CHUM-FM created a Top 30 Album Chart to complement sister station CHUM-AM's Singles Chart . A television version of the countdown was later broadcast on Citytv , featuring music videos for most of

3021-667: The studios of Citytv ). Until late 2009 , CHUM-FM continued to be the most listened to and most influential radio station in Canada with over 1,166,000 weekly listeners according to the BBM data released on December 3, 2007. In December 2009 , AC rival CHFI-FM became the most-listened-to radio station in Toronto. During the 2005 -2009 season, CHFI continued to usually beat CHUM-FM as the top-rated radio station in Toronto, although CHUM-FM had unseated CHFI in some books. On September 10, 2010, Bell Canada announced plans to re-acquire 100% of CTVglobemedia's broadcasting arm, including CHUM Radio. When

3078-789: The two different standard antennas above: Since the two definitions of gain only differ by a constant factor, so do ERP and EIRP   E I R P ( W ) = 1.64 × E R P ( W )   . {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {EIRP}}_{\mathsf {(W)}}=1.64\times {\mathsf {ERP}}_{\mathsf {(W)}}~.} In decibels   E I R P ( d B W ) = E R P ( d B W ) + 2.15   d B   . {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {EIRP}}_{\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}={\mathsf {ERP}}_{\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}+2.15\ {\mathsf {dB}}~.} The transmitter

3135-793: The year for Roger, Rick & Marilyn . Former CHUM President Jim Waters was inducted into the Music Industry Hall of Fame that same evening. On June 22, 2007, CTVglobemedia purchased CHUM-FM and most of the other assets of CHUM Limited , the station's owners since their sign-on in 1963, following approval by the CRTC , while the Citytv stations were sold to Rogers Communications . On June 23, 2008, Rick Hodge resigned from both CHUM-AM and CHUM-FM to pursue other opportunities. Roger Ashby and Marilyn Denis continued to host mornings, which would then be titled Roger, Darren & Marilyn (when Darren B. Lamb joined

3192-560: Was granted a license to broadcast in Digital audio broadcasting using the Eureka-147 system. The transmitter was installed on the CN Tower and broadcast at 1456.304  MHz with an ERP of 5,084 watts . At the 25th Anniversary Canadian Music Industry Awards, held March 8, 2007, CHUM-FM was honoured as Station of the Year, Program Director of the year for CHUM-FM PD Rob Farina, and air talent of

3249-679: Was to be moved to the top of the Manufacturer's Life Building at 250 Bloor Street East. At Midnight on July 1, 1968, CHUM-FM changed formats to progressive rock , a forerunner to the present-day adult album alternative format, by playing a wide range of music ranging from world and jazz to classical and folk . The station also aired public affairs programming, such as In Toronto . The station featured many famous Canadian radio personalities such as Larry Green, Walter Michaels, Steve Harris, Pete and Geets, Larry Wilson, David Marsden , David Pritchard and actor Rick Moranis . On December 14, 1973,

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