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91-488: In the 1930s, horses were giving way to petroleum-fuelled tractors. This was especially true in the area around Regina, where the broad level prairie was well suited to the first tractors and combine harvesters. As petroleum use increased, farmers looked for the ways to reduce the cost of this important crop input. Many farmers had experience in the benefits of co-operation through joint purchases of inputs such as fence posts, binder twine and coal. These efforts often resulted in

182-578: A CCRL was that it be owned by member co-operatives, thereby linking and securing the CCRL to the larger co-operative sector. Vocal during preliminary discussions about establishing the CCRL , Fowler argued that this integration would create “an integrated co-operative structure with firm local roots, rather than just an independent central refinery.” The CCRL would eventually provide significant financial resources that benefitted other co-operative units, as FCL senior manager Tony Drummer highlights: "It provided

273-648: A contemporary dance company. The Royal Saskatchewan Museum (the present 1955 structure a Saskatchewan Golden Jubilee project ) dates from 1906. The old Post Office at Scarth Street and 11th Avenue, temporarily used as a city hall after the demolition of the 1906 City Hall, is now home to the Globe Theatre , founded in 1966 as "Saskatchewan's first professional theatre since 1927." Holy Rosary Roman Catholic Cathedral and Knox-Metropolitan United Church have particularly impressive Casavant Frères pipe organs, maintain substantial musical establishments and are frequently

364-586: A house fire in 1930. Fowler and his second wife Dorothy lived their later lives in Abbotsford, British Columbia . Fowler dictated his memoirs from 1965 to 1966, and in 1974 the Saskatchewan Co-operative Women's Guild began efforts to publish them. They eventually formed the second part of Terry Phalen's biography, Co-operative Leadership: Henry Fowler . Regina, Saskatchewan Regina ( / r ɪ ˈ dʒ aɪ n ə / ri- JEYE -nə )

455-527: A large concert and live theatre venue for many years after the loss to fire of the Regina Theatre in 1938 and the demolition of the 1906 City Hall in 1964 at a time when preservation of heritage architecture was not yet a fashionable issue. But until the demolition of downtown cinemas which doubled as live theatres the lack was not urgent, and Darke Hall on the Regina College campus of the university provided

546-439: A new University of Saskatchewan campus in the southeast end of the park. The master plan has been subsequently revised every five to seven years since, most recently in 2016. Wascana Centre has made Regina as enjoyable and fulfilling for residents as it had long been the " metropole " for farmers and residents of small neighbouring towns. Despite the setting, improbable though it always was compared with other more likely sites for

637-412: A new cooling tower and electrical substation as well as new firewater, flare, plant and instrument systems. The project was completed on October 17, 2012. The project allows the refinery to process 30 per cent more crude oil per day in the immediate term, with plans for continued capital investments that will see capacity increase by 45 per cent. The expansion also created roughly 100 new full-time jobs at

728-605: A population density of 1,266.2/km (3,279.4/sq mi) in 2021. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in the 2021 census, the Regina CMA had a population of 249,217 living in 100,211 of its 108,120 total private dwellings, a change of 5.3% from its 2016 population of 236,695 . With a land area of 4,323.66 km (1,669.37 sq mi), it had a population density of 57.6/km (149.3/sq mi) in 2021. The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 45,210 persons or 20.3% of

819-564: A range of professional services and tradespeople, financial institutions, and a number of retail establishments." It was the scene of outdoor filming sequences in the CBC television series "Little Mosque on the Prairie." White City and Emerald Park are quasi-suburbs of Regina, as have become Balgonie , Pense, Grand Coulee, Pilot Butte and Lumsden in the Qu'Appelle Valley, some 16 km (10 mi) to

910-520: A renaissance as a result of the excellent roads that for many decades seemed likely to doom them; they – and to some extent the nearby city of Moose Jaw – are now undergoing a mild resurgence as commuter satellites for Regina. Qu'Appelle , at one time intended to be the metropole for the original District of Assiniboia in the North-West Territories (as they then were), saw during the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s Regina cottagers pass through en route to

1001-601: A second weir with a smaller reservoir in A.E. Wilson Park. Regina is a travel destination for residents of southeastern Saskatchewan and the immediately adjacent regions of the neighbouring US states of North Dakota and Montana, and an intermediate stopping point for travellers on the Trans-Canada Highway. Tourism is promoted by Tourism Regina . Attractions for visitors in Regina include: The former large-scale Children's Day Parade and Travellers' Day Parade during Fair Week in

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1092-868: A small concert and stage venue. Annual festivals in and near Regina through the year include the Regina International Film Festival ; Cathedral Village Arts Festival; the Craven Country Jamboree; the Regina Folk Festival ; Queen City Pride ; the Queer City Cinema film festival; the Regina Dragon Boat Festival; and Mosaic, mounted by the Regina Multicultural Council, which earned Heritage Canada's designation of 2004 "Cultural Capital of Canada" (in

1183-445: A small fraction of the originally anticipated population explosion as population centre of the new province. By this time, Saskatchewan was considered the third province of Canada in both population and economic indicators. Thereafter, Saskatchewan never recovered its early promise and Regina's growth slowed and at times reversed. In 1933, Regina hosted the first national convention Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (predecessor of

1274-407: A source of domestic water and wells into the aquifer under Regina, Wascana Lake had ceased to have a utilitarian purpose and had become a primarily recreational facility, with bathing and boating its principal uses. It was drained in the 1930s as part of a government relief project; 2,100 men widened and dredged the lake bed and created two islands using only hand tools and horse-drawn wagons. During

1365-513: Is in the NRC Plant Hardiness Zone 3b. Regina has warm summers and cold, dry winters, prone to extremes at all times of the year. Average annual precipitation is 389.7 mm (15.34 in) and is heaviest from May through August, with June being the wettest month with an average of 75 mm (2.95 in) of precipitation. The average daily temperature for the year is 3.1 °C (37.6 °F). The lowest temperature ever recorded

1456-518: Is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan . The city is the second-largest in the province, and is a commercial centre for southern Saskatchewan. As of the 2021 census , Regina had a city population of 226,404, and a metropolitan area population of 249,217. It is governed by Regina City Council . The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Sherwood No. 159 . Regina

1547-529: The Bank of Nova Scotia . After leaving his bank job, Fowler entered a series of unsuccessful for-profit business ventures, including: a lease-purchase arrangement of a grain elevator , which ended when the grain elevator burned in 1928; and, sales enterprises in the oil, machinery, and insurance businesses, which ended when his house and home office burned in 1930. In 1931, Fowler became the Secretary-Manager of

1638-968: The Co-operative Refinery , Co-operative Implements, Federated Co-operatives , Co-op Fisheries in Saskatchewan, the Funeral Co-op Association, the Medical Co-op in Regina, Co-op Trust, the Saskatchewan Co-op Credit Society, the Canadian Co-op Credit Society, and various local co-ops and credit unions ." Writing in a 1987 history of the CCIL, Professor MacPherson describes Fowler as, "always a restless, creative leader," and as an "energetic, forceful, imaginative and somewhat iconoclastic co-operative leader," adding, "He

1729-726: The NDP ). At the convention, the CCF adopted a programme known as the Regina Manifesto , which set out the new party's goals. In 1935, Regina gained notoriety for the Regina Riot, an incident of the On-to-Ottawa Trek . (See The Depression, the CCF and the Regina Riot .) Beginning in the 1930s, Regina became known as a centre of considerable political activism and experimentation as its people sought to adjust to new, reduced economic realities, including

1820-591: The North-West Rebellion when troops were mostly able to be transported by train on the CPR from eastern Canada as far as Qu'Appelle Station , before marching to the battlefield in the further Northwest – Qu'Appelle having been the major debarkation and distribution centre until 1890 when the completion of the Qu’Appelle, Long Lake, and Saskatchewan Railway linked Regina with Saskatoon and Prince Albert . Subsequently,

1911-1063: The Provincial Legislative Building , both campuses of the University of Regina , First Nations University of Canada , the Royal Saskatchewan Museum , the Regina Conservatory (in the original Regina College buildings), the Saskatchewan Science Centre , the MacKenzie Art Gallery and the Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts . Residential neighbourhoods include precincts beyond the historic city centre are historically or socially noteworthy neighbourhoods – namely Lakeview and The Crescents, both of which lie directly south of downtown. Immediately to

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2002-881: The Regina Riot of the Western Women's Canadian Football League . The Riot have won three league championships, in 2015, 2017, and 2018. Other sports teams in Regina include the four-time Memorial Cup champion Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League , the Regina Thunder of the Canadian Junior Football League , the Prairie Fire of the Rugby Canada Super League , the Regina Red Sox of

2093-667: The Roman Catholic Cathedral has been converted into townhouses. Recently older buildings have been put to new uses, including the old Normal School on the Regina College campus of the University of Regina (now the Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios ) and the old Post Office on the Scarth Street Mall. The Warehouse District , immediately adjacent to the central business district to the north of

2184-588: The Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts (now the Conexus Arts Centre). Concerts and recitals are performed both by local and visiting musicians in the Centre of the Arts and assorted other auditoriums including the University of Regina . The Regina Conservatory of Music operates in the former girls' residence wing of the Regina College building. The Regina Little Theatre began in 1926, and performed in Regina College before building its own theatre in 1981. Regina lacked

2275-606: The Western Canadian Baseball League , and the University of Regina's Regina Cougars / Regina Rams of U Sports . Regina is also where all Water Polo players from Saskatchewan centralize, Regina's team being Water Polo Armada. Regina's curling teams have distinguished the city for many decades. Richardson Crescent commemorates the Richardson curling team of the 1950s. In recent years Olympic Gold medal winner Sandra Schmirler and her rink occasioned vast civic pride;

2366-474: The coker of the heavy oil upgrader section of the plant, shortly after midnight, resulted in no injuries. On December 24, 2013 the fourth major incident in two years occurred. A fire and explosion, the cause of which is still undetermined, could be felt throughout the entire city. No injuries were reported and all refinery staff were accounted for. Around Midnight on Tuesday March 1, 2016 a rail car containing asphalt rolled, uncontrolled, several kilometers into

2457-410: The 1894 Supreme Court of the North-West Territories building at Hamilton Street and Victoria Avenue in 1965. In 1962 Wascana Centre Authority was established to govern the sprawling 50-year-old, 930 ha (2,300 acres) urban park and legislative grounds. A 100-year plan was developed by World Trade Centre Architect Minoru Yamasaki and landscape architect Thomas Church , as part of developing

2548-453: The 1940s, many of the towns near Regina have steadily lost population as western Canada's agrarian economy reorganised itself from small family farm landholdings of a quarter-section (160 acres [65 ha], the original standard land grant to homesteaders ) to the multi-section (a "section" being 640 acres [260 ha]) landholdings that are increasingly necessary for economic viability. Some of these towns have enjoyed something of

2639-536: The 1950s. The long-established MacKenzie Art Gallery once occupied cramped quarters adjacent to Darke Hall on the University of Regina College Avenue Campus; since relocated to a large building at the southwest corner of the provincial government site, at Albert Street near 23rd Avenue. Donald M. Kendrick , Bob Boyer and Joe Fafard , now with significant international reputations, have been other artists from or once in Regina. The Regina Symphony Orchestra, Canada's oldest continuously performing orchestra, performs in

2730-456: The 1970s demonstrated the vulnerability of Canada to imported oil, as the price of crude oil escalated and domestic supplies of light sweet crude dwindled. Saskatchewan and Canada were determined to secure the nation's energy future by developing the vast reserves of heavy oil. To do so, the country needed a heavy oil upgrader to change heavy crude into a product suitable for further processing by conventional refineries. After intensive studies, it

2821-485: The 1990s on the periphery, together with a corresponding drift of entertainment venues (and all but one downtown cinema) to the city outskirts, had depleted the city centre. The former Hudson's Bay Company department store (previously the site of the Regina Theatre though long vacant after that burned to the ground) has been converted into offices; Globe Theatre , located in the old Post Office building at 11th Avenue and Scarth Street, Casino Regina and its show lounge in

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2912-499: The CPR line, has become a desirable commercial and residential precinct as historic warehouses have been converted to retail, nightclubs and residential use. The city is situated on a broad, flat, treeless plain. There is an abundance of parks and greenspaces: all of its trees — some 300,000 — shrubs and other plants were hand-planted. As in other prairie cities, American elms were planted in front yards in residential neighbourhoods and on boulevards along major traffic arteries and are

3003-514: The Canadian Prairies particularly hard with their economic focus on dry land grain farming. The CCF (now the NDP , a major left-wing political party in Canada), formulated its foundational Regina Manifesto of 1933 in Regina. In 2007 Saskatchewan's agricultural and mineral resources came into new demand, and Saskatchewan was described as entering a new period of strong economic growth. Regina

3094-570: The Canadian government established a tariff of 3.7 cents a gallon on gasoline imported from the United States, effectively cutting the co-ops off from this source of supply. The co-ops turned to small, independent refiners at Coutts in Alberta and Moose Jaw in Saskatchewan. However, as the year progressed, these independent refiners were bought up by the major oil companies and the wholesale price of gasoline

3185-603: The Qu'Appelle Valley, and to the southeast the Kenosee Lake cottage country. Wascana Centre is a 9.3 km (3.6 sq mi) park built around Wascana Lake and designed in 1961 by Minoru Yamasaki — the Seattle-born architect best known as the designer of the original World Trade Center in New York – in tandem with his starkly modernist design for the new Regina Campus of the University of Saskatchewan . Wascana Lake

3276-549: The Qu'Appelle Valley; Highway 10, which bypassed Qu'Appelle, running directly from Balgonie to Fort Qu'Appelle off Highway Number 1, quickly ended this. Qu'Appelle has recently seen more interest taken in it as a place to live. Fort Qu'Appelle and its neighbouring resort villages on the Fishing Lakes remain a summer vacation venue of choice; Indian Head is far enough from Regina to have an autonomous identity but close enough that its charm and vitality attract commuters – it "has

3367-665: The Regina Rugby Club and renamed the Regina Roughriders in 1924 and the Saskatchewan Roughriders in 1946, the "Riders" are a community-owned team with a loyal fan base; out-of-town season ticket holders often travel 300–400 km (190–250 mi) or more to attend home games. The team has won the Grey Cup on four occasions, in 1966, 1989, 2007, and 2013. Regina is also home to a successful women's football team,

3458-623: The Sandra Schmirler Leisure Centre in east Regina commemorates her. Regina held the 1973 , 1983 , and 2011 World Men's Curling Championship . The city has two curling clubs: The Caledonian and the Highland . North-east of the city lies Kings Park Speedway , a ⅓-mile paved oval used for stock car racing since the late 1960s. Regina hosted the Western Canada Summer Games in 1975, and again in 1987, as well as being

3549-619: The Saskatchewan Genealogical Library also offer information for those interested in the people of Saskatchewan. Regina has a substantial proportion of its overall area dedicated as parks and green spaces, with biking paths, cross-country skiing venues, and other recreational facilities throughout the city. Wascana Lake, the venue for summer boating activities, is regularly cleared of snow in winter for skating, and there are toboggan runs both in Wascana Centre and downstream on

3640-496: The Territories, the lieutenant-governor and council governed by fiat and there was little legitimate means of challenging such decisions outside the federal capital of Ottawa . There, the Territories were remote and of little concern. Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll , wife of the then Governor General of Canada , named the new community Regina , in honour of her mother, Queen Victoria . Commercial considerations prevailed and

3731-679: The Wilcox Co-op. When the Co-operative Refinery Complex (CCRL) was incorporated in Regina in 1934, Harry Fowler, (then-manager of the Wilcox Co-op) was appointed by its board as the refinery’s first Secretary-Treasurer and Manager. Fowler sold his house in Wilcox , moving to a rented house in Regina , and started on the refinery's payroll on January 1, 1935. Core to Fowler's vision of

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3822-574: The austerity of the Great Depression -era led Fowler to propose that the Wilcox and CCRL co-ops retain annual profit dividends owed to each of its members for a 5-year period. Thus, while members would still receive their co-op dividends (proportional to how much they had annually purchased in goods and services from the co-op), the co-op's ability to retain those dividends for 5 years provided significant capital to improve its infrastructure and services. By

3913-576: The banks of Wascana Creek. Victoria Park is in the central business district and numerous green spaces throughout the residential subdivisions and subdivisions in the north and west of the city contain large ornamental ponds to add interest to residential precincts such as Rochdale, Lakewood, Lakeridge, Spruce Meadows, and Windsor Park. Older school playing fields throughout the city have also been converted into landscaped parks. The city operates five municipal golf courses, including two in King's Park northeast of

4004-427: The capitol, the efforts' results were favourable. The long-imperilled Government House was saved in 1981 after decades of neglect and returned to viceregal use, the former Anglican diocesan property at Broad Street and College Avenue is being redeveloped with strict covenants to maintain the integrity of the diocesan buildings and St Chad's School and the former Sacred Heart Academy building immediately adjacent to

4095-612: The cash flow that made a lot of things possible. [...] If it wasn't for the Refinery, we wouldn't have anything." By the end of its first year of operation in 1935, despite the ongoing Great Depression and the fact that it had only operated six months of the year, the CCRL refinery was an immense financial success with $ 253,011 CAD in sales. On April 23, 1940, leaders from the most prominent co-operatives across Western Canada met in Saskatoon 's historic Bessborough Hotel to discuss how

4186-473: The city of Regina after it left CCRL property in a runaway condition. Neither the City of Regina or Regina Fire and Protective Services were notified by CCRL and were unaware of the event until the following Friday, the same day on which media reports of the event emerged. Harry Llewellyn Fowler Harry Llewellyn Fowler (May 6, 1895 – ?) was a noted Canadian socialist organizer and key figure in

4277-443: The city. Kings Park Recreation facility is also home to ball diamonds, picnic grounds, and stock car racing. Within half an hour's drive are the summer cottage and camping country and winter ski resorts in the Qu'Appelle Valley with Last Mountain and Buffalo Pound Lakes and the four Fishing Lakes of Pasqua, Echo, Mission and Katepwa; slightly farther east are Round and Crooked Lakes, also in

4368-561: The co-operative movement and medicare. The disappearance of the Simpson's , Eaton's and Army & Navy retail department stores in or near the central business district and Simpsons-Sears to the north on Broad Street, left only the Hudson's Bay Company as a large department store in Regina-centre. This, with the proliferation of shopping malls beginning in the 1960s and " big box stores " in

4459-528: The construction of the Saskatchewan Centre of the Arts (now the Conexus Arts Centre) as a Canadian Centennial project, a theatre and concert hall complex overlooking Wascana Lake which is one of the most acoustically perfect concert venues in North America; it is home to the Regina Symphony Orchestra (Canada's oldest continuously performing orchestra ), Opera Saskatchewan and New Dance Horizons,

4550-645: The cooperative movement, he has been a leading member of his church, of the fraternal organizations he has belonged to, and of several educational institutions including the Board of Governors of this University. From 1952 to 1956 Mr. Fowler was a member of the Royal Commission on Agriculture and Rural Life. He is, in short, one of this province's best known and most distinguished citizens." Premier of Saskatchewan (1944-1961), Weyburn native, and " The Greatest Canadian " Tommy Douglas said of Fowler: "Who else would have

4641-438: The costs of agriculture implements and tractors might be lowered; among them was Harry Fowler. Regarding the topic of farm machinery prices, Fowler echoed Mark Twain 's comments about the weather: "Everybody talks about it, but nobody does anything about it." Fowler is credited with advancing a co-op dividends model termed, the 'Revolving Door' plan. Instead of paying annual dividends to members resulting from co-op profits,

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4732-480: The dominant species in the urban forest. In recent years the pattern of primary and high school grounds being acreages of prairie sports grounds has been re-thought and such grounds have been landscaped with artificial hills and parks. Newer residential subdivisions in the northwest and southeast have, instead of spring runoff storm sewers, decorative landscaped lagoons. The streetscape is now endangered by Dutch elm disease , which has spread through North America from

4823-442: The downtown business district, rail yards, warehouse district, and northern residential area. From 1920 to 1926 Regina used Single transferable vote (STV), a form of proportional representation, to elect its councillors. Councillors were elected in one at-large district. Each voter cast just a single vote, using a ranked transferable ballot. Regina grew rapidly until the beginning of the Great Depression , in 1929, though only to

4914-422: The eastern seaboard and has now reached the Canadian prairies; for the time being it is controlled by pest management programs and species not susceptible to the disease are being planted; the disease has the potential to wipe out Regina's elm population. Regina experiences a warm summer humid continental climate ( Köppen: Dfb ), with more than 70% of average annual precipitation in the warmest six months, and

5005-486: The end of the 1930s most of the Saskatchewan co-operatives had adopted 'Revolving Door' plans. The University of Saskatchewan conferred an honorary Doctor of Law degree to Harry Fowler on November 5, 1966. Presenting Fowler with his honorary degree, Political Science Professor Norman Ward's citation stated: "Harry Fowler's career epitomizes many of the most striking and admirable characteristics of life in western Canada. In addition to his extraordinarily active career in

5096-415: The fall and winter of 2003–2004, Wascana Lake was again drained and dredged to deepen it while adding a new island, a promenade area beside Albert Street Bridge, water fountains, and a waterfall to help aerate the lake. Downstream from Wascana Lake, Wascana Creek continues to provide a lush parkland on its increasingly intensively developed perimeter; in the northwest quadrant of the city Wascana Creek has

5187-412: The formation of local co-ops. Based on this tradition, farmers formed oil co-ops to reduce the cost of fuel. Co-ops were formed at Milestone, Wilcox, Sherwood at Regina, Moose Jaw, Riceton, Lewvan, Rouleau, Lang, Weyburn and Pense, among other locations. The co-ops often bought gasoline from US refiners and sold it at margins of up to seven cents a gallon, returning the savings to their members. In 1933,

5278-406: The former CPR train station, the Cornwall Centre and downtown restaurants now draw people downtown again. Many buildings of significance and value were lost during the period from 1945 through approximately 1970: Knox United Church was demolished in 1951; the Romanesque Revival city hall in 1964 (the failed shopping mall which replaced it is now office space for the Government of Canada ) and

5369-524: The gall to even think a group of farmers could take on the giants of the oil industry and win! … A visionary who was always coming up with difficult and often seemingly impossible goals to be achieved. … No one working with H.L. Fowler could ever rest comfortably upon his oars." Fowler married Almonte, Ontario , native Margaret R. Clint in April 1923, who died in childbirth of their son David Elwyn Clint Fowler in March 1924. Fowler and his second wife Dorothy lost two of their four children when they perished in

5460-403: The host city for the 2005 Canada Summer Games . Regina also held the 2014 North American Indigenous Games . In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Regina had a population of 226,404 living in 92,129 of its 99,134 total private dwellings, a change of 5.3% from its 2016 population of 215,106 . With a land area of 178.81 km (69.04 sq mi), it had

5551-410: The north of Regina. Regina Beach — situated on Last Mountain Lake (known locally as Long Lake) and a 30-minute drive from Regina – has been a summer favourite of Reginans from its first establishment and since the 1970s has also become a commuter satellite; Rouleau (also known as the town of Dog River in the CTV television sitcom Corner Gas ) is 45 km (28 mi) southwest of Regina and in

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5642-449: The north of the central business district is the old warehouse district , increasingly the focus of shopping, nightclubs and residential development; as in other western cities of North America, the periphery contains shopping malls and big box stores . In 1912, the Regina Cyclone destroyed much of the town; in the 1930s, the Regina Riot brought further attention and, in the midst of the 1930s drought and Great Depression , which hit

5733-423: The over 125,000 population category). The annual Kiwanis Music Festival affords rising musical talents the opportunity to achieve nationwide recognition. The city's summer agricultural exhibition was originally established in 1884 as the Assiniboia Agricultural Association, then from the mid-1960s and up until 2009 as Buffalo Days then from that time until today, the Queen City Ex. This was remedied in 1970 with

5824-537: The prairie co-operative movements of Saskatchewan and Western Canada from the 1930s until the 1970s. Harry Llewellyn Fowler was born in Prince Edward Island on May 6, 1895, to "poor but honest parents." Fowler moved to Alberta with his family when he was a teenager. Dorothy Fowler has stated that her husband, "had a pretty tough time getting started in the world." According to University of Victoria Professor Emeritus of History Ian MacPherson, speaking in 2009, Harry Fowler "played major roles in establishing

5915-439: The project through loan guarantees. Construction officially began in October 1985. The mega project required hundreds of thousands of hours of engineering and approximately 6,000 tradespeople worked on the site for an estimated 4,500 person years of employment in construction. The three-year construction phase was completed on time and on budget, and the Co-op Refinery/Upgrader Complex went on stream in November 1988. The facility

6006-410: The province. The relationship became formal in 1944 when delegates for both organizations voted in favour of merging under the name Saskatchewan Federated Co-operatives Limited. Since then, CRC has operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Central Wholesale, which grew into Federated Co-operatives Limited, providing goods and services to retail co-operatives across Western Canada. The energy crisis of

6097-430: The rebellion's leader, Louis Riel , was tried and hanged in Regina – giving the infant community increased and, at the time, not unwelcome national attention in connection with a figure who was generally at the time considered an unalloyed villain in anglophone Canada. The episode, including Riel's imprisonment, trial and execution, brought the new Regina Leader (later the Leader-Post ) to national prominence. Regina

6188-453: The refinery. Today the Co-op Refinery Complex produces 130,000 bbl/d and covers 800 acres of land in the north east corner of Regina, Saskatchewan . On October 6, 2011, an explosion occurred in the diesel processing area. This caused the site to be evacuated and sent seven people to hospital. The fire was expected to reduce the facility's diesel production by about 25 per cent, but did not affect its gasoline-processing operation. The refinery

6279-410: The south of the central business district with a dam a block and a half west of the later elaborate 260 m (850 ft) long Albert Street Bridge across the new lake. Regina's importance was further secured when the new province of Saskatchewan designated the city its capital in 1906. Wascana Centre , created around the focal point of Wascana Lake, remains one of Regina's attractions and contains

6370-408: The summer months used to "bustle with film crews." Regina has a substantial cultural life in music, theatre and dance, supported by the fine arts constituency at the University of Regina, which has faculties of music, theatre and arts. At various times this has attracted notable artistic talent: the Regina Five were artists at Regina College (the university's predecessor) who gained national fame in

6461-459: The summer, which were substantially supported by the Masons and Shriners , has become the fair parade as such service clubs have lost vitality; the Regina Exhibition's travelling midway divides its time among other western Canadian and US cities. A Santa Claus parade is now mounted during the lead-up to Christmas. The Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League play their home games at Mosaic Stadium in Regina. Formed in 1910 as

6552-430: The title to his own farm as security for the line of credit with the railroad. His faith allowed the refinery to continue operating at a critical point. The fundraising drive raised a total of $ 32,000 from eight farmers. As this wasn't enough to build the cracking plant that was desired, the Board of Directors pressed ahead with a less-expensive "skimming plant" model capable of producing 500 barrels per day. The refinery

6643-661: The total population of Regina. Of the total immigrant population, the top countries of origin were Philippines (9,840 persons or 21.8%), India (7,385 persons or 16.3%), China (2,905 persons or 6.4%), Pakistan (2,640 persons or 5.8%), Nigeria (2,235 persons or 4.9%), Vietnam (1,410 persons or 3.1%), United Kingdom (1,380 persons or 3.1%), Bangladesh (1,240 persons or 2.7%), United States of America (1,155 persons or 2.6%), and Ukraine (885 persons or 2.0%). In absolute numbers of Aboriginal population, Regina ranked seventh among CMAs in Canada with an "Aboriginal-identity population of 15,685 (8.3% of

6734-580: The town's authentic development soon began as a collection of wooden shanties and tent shacks clustered around the site designated by the CPR for its future station, some 3.2 km (2 mi) to the east of where Dewdney had reserved substantial landholdings for himself and where he sited the Territorial (now the Saskatchewan) Government House . Regina attained national prominence in 1885 during

6825-572: The venues for choral concerts and organ recitals. The Regina Public Library is a citywide library system with nine branches. Its facilities include the RPL Film theatre which plays non-mainstream cinema, the Dunlop Art Gallery, special literacy services and a prairie history collection. The MacKenzie Art Gallery in Wascana Centre and the Dunlop Art Gallery have permanent collections and sponsor travelling exhibitions. The Saskatchewan Archives and

6916-518: Was previously the seat of government of the North-West Territories , of which the current provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta originally formed part, and of the District of Assiniboia . The site was previously called Wascana (from Cree : ᐅᐢᑲᓇ , romanized:  Oskana "Buffalo Bones"), but was renamed to Regina (Latin for "Queen") in 1882 in honour of Queen Victoria . The name

7007-414: Was "sufficiently and competently supervised". Fifty-two people had been injured the day of the explosion including 3 seriously. There were two large-scale accidents reported in 2012, the first being an explosion on October 6, with an ensuing fire that hospitalized seven persons; the site was again in flames in the middle of May. On February 11, 2013 the third major incident in 16 months occurred. A fire in

7098-686: Was agreed that an upgrader would be integrated with CRC's existing refining units. Integrating the upgrader with the Co-op Refinery reduced the cost of the Upgrader Project to about $ 700 million—or about half of what would have cost to build a stand-alone upgrader. CRC continued to own its refining units and also became a partner with the Saskatchewan government in the ownership of the NewGrade Energy Incorporated Heavy Oil Upgrader. The Canadian federal government supported

7189-478: Was anticipated to be a metropole for the Canadian plains. These locations had ample access to water and resided on treed rolling parklands. "Pile-of-Bones", as the site for Regina was then called (or, in Cree, ᐅᐢᑲᓇ ᑳᐊᓵᐢᑌᑭ Oskana kâ-asastêki ), was by contrast located in arid and featureless grassland. Lieutenant-Governor Dewdney had acquired land adjacent to the route of the future CPR line at Pile-of-Bones, which

7280-507: Was brought into operation on May 27, 1935, at eleven o'clock in the morning. In its first year of operation, the plant had sales of $ 253,000 and achieved savings of $ 30,000—almost equal to the initial investment. Relations between CRC and the Saskatchewan Co-operative Wholesale Society had been close from the beginning, with the wholesale purchasing fuel from the Refinery for resale to retail co-operatives across

7371-422: Was built between 1908 and 1912. The " Regina Cyclone " was a tornado that devastated the city on 30 June 1912 and remains the deadliest tornado in Canadian history, with a total of 28 fatalities, the population of the city having been 30,213 in 1911. Green funnel clouds formed and touched down south of the city, tearing a swath through the residential area between Wascana Lake and Victoria Avenue, continuing through

7462-419: Was created as a "stock watering hole" — for the CPR 's rolling stock , that is – in 1883 when a dam and bridge were constructed 1½ blocks to the west of the present Albert Street Bridge . A new dam and bridge were built in 1908, and Wascana Lake was used as a domestic water source, to cool the city's power plant and, in due course, for the new provincial legislative building. By the 1920s, with Boggy Creek as

7553-468: Was distinguished only by collections of bison bones near a small spring run-off creek, some few kilometres downstream from its origin in the midst of what are now wheat fields. There was an "obvious conflict of interest" in Dewdney's choosing the site of Pile-of-Bones as the territorial seat of government and it was a national scandal at the time. But until 1897, when responsible government was accomplished in

7644-428: Was established as the territorial seat of government in 1882 when Edgar Dewdney , the lieutenant-governor of the North-West Territories , insisted on the site over the better developed Battleford , Troy and Fort Qu'Appelle (the latter some 48 km (30 mi) to the east, one on rolling plains and the other in the Qu'Appelle Valley between two lakes). These communities were considered better locations for what

7735-542: Was incorporated as a city on 19 June 1903, with the MLA who introduced the charter bill, James Hawkes , declaring, "Regina has the brightest future before it of any place in the North West Territories". Several years later the city was proclaimed the capital of the 1905 province of Saskatchewan on 23 May 1906, by the first provincial government, led by Premier Walter Scott ; the monumental Saskatchewan Legislative Building

7826-429: Was not as successful as a day-to-day manager, at least according to some observers, but as a type of leader necessary for the development of new co-operatives he played a vitally important role. More than any other person, he brought together the diverse elements needed to create the necessary momentum and raise the required capital." Fowler lacked formal education and migrated to Wilcox, Saskatchewan , while working for

7917-582: Was proposed by Queen Victoria's daughter Princess Louise , who was the wife of the Governor General of Canada , the Marquess of Lorne . Unlike other planned cities in the Canadian West , on its treeless flat plain Regina has few topographical features other than the small spring run-off, Wascana Creek . Early planners took advantage of such opportunity by damming the creek to create a decorative lake to

8008-551: Was raised two cents a gallon. Beginning in the winter of 1933, the oil distribution co-ops launched a drive to build their own refinery. Among the leaders was Harry Fowler , the Manager of the Wilcox Co-op, who later became the refinery's first Secretary-Treasurer and Manager when the Refinery was incorporated in 1934. The Refinery's first President was Ernest Frisk of Kronau, long-time Secretary of Riceton Co-op. Original Board Member, Sid Gough of Lewvan, distinguished himself by pledging

8099-505: Was the first upgrader built in Saskatchewan. On November 1, 2007, CCRL bought out the 50% interest held by the Crown for $ 383.1 million. In 2008, Federated Co-operatives Limited (FCL) announced a major expansion to the Refinery. The Section V expansion and associated revamps led to over $ 2.7 billion in new investment into the refinery's infrastructure. The Section V expansion involved building five new processing units, 14 additional storage tanks,

8190-428: Was undergoing a major expansion and renovation at the time, which resulted in much higher numbers of personnel on site at the time. All of the injured were employed by contractors. The explosion was found to be caused by a failure of corroded pipes. Consumers Co-operative Refinery Limited pleaded guilty to one of 5 Occupational Health and Safety charges and on May 12, 2015 was fined $ 280,000 for failing to ensure that work

8281-410: Was −50.0 °C (−58 °F) on 1 January 1885, while the highest recorded temperature was 43.9 °C (111 °F) on 5 July 1937. Some neighbourhoods of note include: From its first founding, particularly once motorcars were common, Reginans have retired to the nearby Qu'Appelle Valley on weekends, for summer and winter holidays and indeed as a place to live permanently and commute from. Since

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