Misplaced Pages

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62-440: CBLA-FM has an average effective radiated power (ERP) of 55,100 watts , peaking at 98,000 watts. The transmitter is atop First Canadian Place , at King and Bay Streets . It uses a directional antenna to avoid interference with stations in the U.S. Besides a standard analog transmission , CBLA streams its programming online. CBLA's origins date back to March 5, 1928. That was the official sign on of CKGW at 910 AM ,

124-497: A waiver , and can exceed normal restrictions. For most microwave systems, a completely non-directional isotropic antenna (one which radiates equally and perfectly well in every direction – a physical impossibility) is used as a reference antenna, and then one speaks of EIRP (effective isotropic radiated power) rather than ERP. This includes satellite transponders , radar, and other systems which use microwave dishes and reflectors rather than dipole-style antennas. In

186-622: A cellular telephone tower has a fixed linear polarization, but the mobile handset must function well at any arbitrary orientation. Therefore, a handset design might provide dual polarization receive on the handset so that captured energy is maximized regardless of orientation, or the designer might use a circularly polarized antenna and account for the extra 3 dB of loss with amplification. For example, an FM radio station which advertises that it has 100,000 watts of power actually has 100,000 watts ERP, and not an actual 100,000-watt transmitter. The transmitter power output (TPO) of such

248-533: A commercial station owned by Gooderham and Worts , with studios at the King Edward Hotel . However, Gooderham & Worts had been operating the station on an experimental basis from as early as 1925. Due to the instability of frequency allocations in North America at the time, the station's dial position changed several times over the next number of years, to 960, 690 and finally clear channel 840. In 1932,

310-464: A gain of 1× (equiv. 0 dBi). So ERP and EIRP are measures of radiated power that can compare different combinations of transmitters and antennas on an equal basis. In spite of the names, ERP and EIRP do not measure transmitter power, or total power radiated by the antenna, they are just a measure of signal strength along the main lobe. They give no information about power radiated in other directions, or total power. ERP and EIRP are always greater than

372-452: A license for a Rhythmic Top 40 station in Edmonton , Alberta . That station, CHBN-FM , made its debut on February 17, 2005. CHBN-FM has since moved to mainstream top 40 since December 2005, and CHUM's stake in the station was transferred to CTVglobemedia when that company acquired CHUM Limited in 2007. CHUM Radio, a division of CTVglobemedia (now Bell Media Radio ) had acquired CFXJ which

434-576: A regular specialty programme for DXers in the International Short Wave Club . After switching to a new transmitter in the winter of 1930-1931, the station boosted its power to 200 watts from 25 Watts and it could be received as far away as Europe , South Africa , and New Zealand on either 6.095 or 11.81 MHz, and would later broadcast on 24.38 MHz, as well. In 1932, the station's power increased to 500 watts. From 1933 to 1936, CKGW and VE9GW were leased from Gooderham & Worts by

496-621: A second morning program, Ontario Morning , which airs on most of the network's transmitters in Southern Ontario outside of the Toronto , Kitchener - Waterloo , Ottawa , London and Windsor metropolitan areas. Ontario Morning is currently hosted by Nav Nanwa. Similarly, the aforementioned Big City, Small World is replaced by CBLA-FM-2 Kitchener-Waterloo's In the Key of C (formerly CBO-FM Ottawa's Bandwidth until its cancellation) on all of

558-423: A station typically may be 10,000–20,000 watts, with a gain factor of 5–10× (5–10×, or 7–10  dB ). In most antenna designs, gain is realized primarily by concentrating power toward the horizontal plane and suppressing it at upward and downward angles, through the use of phased arrays of antenna elements. The distribution of power versus elevation angle is known as the vertical pattern . When an antenna

620-886: A theoretical isotropic antenna. Since a half-wave dipole antenna has a gain of 1.64 (or 2.15 dB ) compared to an isotropic radiator, if ERP and EIRP are expressed in watts their relation is   E I R P ( W ) = 1.64 × E R P ( W )   {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {EIRP}}_{\mathsf {(W)}}=1.64\times {\mathsf {ERP}}_{\mathsf {(W)}}\ } If they are expressed in decibels   E I R P ( d B ) = E R P ( d B ) + 2.15   d B   {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {EIRP}}_{\mathrm {(dB)} }={\mathsf {ERP}}_{\mathrm {(dB)} }+2.15\ {\mathsf {dB}}\ } Effective radiated power and effective isotropic radiated power both measure

682-983: Is   E I R P ( d B W ) = P T X   ( d B W ) − L ( d B ) + G ( d B i )   , {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {EIRP}}_{\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}=P_{{\mathsf {TX}}\ {\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}}-L_{\mathsf {(dB)}}+G_{\mathsf {(dB_{i})}}\ ,}   E R P ( d B W ) = P T X   ( d B W ) − L ( d B ) + G ( d B i ) − 2.15   d B   . {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {ERP}}_{\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}=P_{{\mathsf {TX}}\ {\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}}-L_{\mathsf {(dB)}}+G_{\mathsf {(dB_{i})}}-2.15\ {\mathsf {dB}}~.} Losses in

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744-485: Is Metro Morning , and Toronto's most popular radio show in the ratings since 2004. It has been hosted by David Common since October 16, 2023. Here and Now , hosted by Ramraajh Sharvendiran, airs in the afternoon slot. On weekend mornings the station produces Fresh Air , hosted by Ismaila Alfa and heard throughout Ontario. Saturday afternoons the station broadcasts an arts and culture magazine, Big City, Small World , hosted by Mariel Borelli. The station also produces

806-402: Is 8.77 dB d = 10.92 dB i . Its gain necessarily must be less than this by the factor η, which must be negative in units of dB. Neither ERP nor EIRP can be calculated without knowledge of the power accepted by the antenna, i.e., it is not correct to use units of dB d or dB i with ERP and EIRP. Let us assume a 100 watt (20 dB W ) transmitter with losses of 6 dB prior to

868-422: Is a constant, i.e., 0 dB d = 2.15 dB i . Therefore, ERP is always 2.15 dB less than EIRP. The ideal dipole antenna could be further replaced by an isotropic radiator (a purely mathematical device which cannot exist in the real world), and the receiver cannot know the difference so long as the input power is increased by 2.15 dB. The distinction between dB d and dB i is often left unstated and

930-538: Is also directional horizontally, gain and ERP will vary with azimuth ( compass direction). Rather than the average power over all directions, it is the apparent power in the direction of the peak of the antenna's main lobe that is quoted as a station's ERP (this statement is just another way of stating the definition of ERP). This is particularly applicable to the huge ERPs reported for shortwave broadcasting stations, which use very narrow beam widths to get their signals across continents and oceans. ERP for FM radio in

992-411: Is an IEEE standardized definition of directional radio frequency (RF) power, such as that emitted by a radio transmitter . It is the total power in watts that would have to be radiated by a half-wave dipole antenna to give the same radiation intensity (signal strength or power flux density in watts per square meter) as the actual source antenna at a distant receiver located in the direction of

1054-406: Is larger it will be used instead. The maximum ERP for US FM broadcasting is usually 100,000 watts (FM Zone II) or 50,000 watts (in the generally more densely populated Zones I and I-A), though exact restrictions vary depending on the class of license and the antenna height above average terrain (HAAT). Some stations have been grandfathered in or, very infrequently, been given

1116-494: Is now CJBC 860, Toronto's Ici Radio-Canada Première French language station. In 1946, CBL-FM was launched, bringing the CBC's FM network (now known as CBC Music ) to Toronto. It originally broadcast on the same 99.1 MHz frequency now used by CBLA, but moved to 94.1 in 1966. 99.1 was vacant until 1977, when it was assigned to the CKO radio network. CKO ceased operations in 1989, and

1178-829: Is possible for a station of only a few hundred watts ERP to cover more area than a station of a few thousand watts ERP, if its signal travels above obstructions on the ground. ELF 3 Hz/100 Mm 30 Hz/10 Mm SLF 30 Hz/10 Mm 300 Hz/1 Mm ULF 300 Hz/1 Mm 3 kHz/100 km VLF 3 kHz/100 km 30 kHz/10 km LF 30 kHz/10 km 300 kHz/1 km MF 300 kHz/1 km 3 MHz/100 m HF 3 MHz/100 m 30 MHz/10 m VHF 30 MHz/10 m 300 MHz/1 m UHF 300 MHz/1 m 3 GHz/100 mm SHF 3 GHz/100 mm 30 GHz/10 mm EHF 30 GHz/10 mm 300 GHz/1 mm THF 300 GHz/1 mm 3 THz/0.1 mm Milestone Radio Milestone Radio, Inc.

1240-438: Is quantified by the antenna gain , which is the ratio of the signal strength radiated by an antenna in its direction of maximum radiation to that radiated by a standard antenna. For example, a 1,000 watt transmitter feeding an antenna with a gain of 4× (equiv. 6 dBi) will have the same signal strength in the direction of its main lobe, and thus the same ERP and EIRP, as a 4,000 watt transmitter feeding an antenna with

1302-475: Is the same as ERP, except that a short vertical antenna (i.e. a short monopole ) is used as the reference antenna instead of a half-wave dipole . Cymomotive force ( CMF ) is an alternative term used for expressing radiation intensity in volts , particularly at the lower frequencies. It is used in Australian legislation regulating AM broadcasting services, which describes it as: "for a transmitter, [it] means

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1364-448: Is typical for medium or longwave broadcasting, skywave , or indirect paths play a part in transmission, the waves will suffer additional attenuation which depends on the terrain between the antennas, so these formulas are not valid. Because ERP is calculated as antenna gain (in a given direction) as compared with the maximum directivity of a half-wave dipole antenna , it creates a mathematically virtual effective dipole antenna oriented in

1426-486: Is usually connected to the antenna through a transmission line and impedance matching network . Since these components may have significant losses   L   , {\displaystyle \ L\ ,} the power applied to the antenna is usually less than the output power of the transmitter   P T X   . {\displaystyle \ P_{\mathsf {TX}}~.} The relation of ERP and EIRP to transmitter output power

1488-543: The Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission , which used the station as one of the broadcasters of Northern Messenger , a mailbag programme aimed at listeners in the Far North, which the CBC would continue to air into the 1970s. CKGW became CRCT and, in 1935, VE9GW's call letters changed to CRCX . In 1937, both stations were purchased by the new Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. CRCT became CBL and CRCX

1550-636: The CBC announced plans to launch a new local radio service for the Kitchener-Waterloo area beginning in fall 2012, re-using the existing transmitter, CBLA-FM-2 (89.1 FM) in Paris. On November 7, 2012, the CBC applied to the CRTC to convert CBLA-FM-2 to a self-sustaining FM radio station, which would carry national CBC Radio One programs, along with a minimum of 12 hours and 30 minutes a week of local programming. The new station commenced programming on March 11, 2013, but

1612-479: The CBC's application to change the frequency for CBCP-FM Peterborough from 93.5 MHz to 98.7 MHz. CBCP-FM originally signed on in Peterborough at 93.5 FM in 1980. On July 4, 2014, the CBC submitted an application to convert CBLV Bancroft from 600 kHz to 99.3 MHz; this was approved on September 23, 2014. In March 2015, the call sign CBLA-FM-5 was chosen for the new FM transmitter to replace CBLV. CBLV

1674-1191: The EIRP or ERP. Since an isotropic antenna radiates equal power flux density over a sphere centered on the antenna, and the area of a sphere with radius   r   {\displaystyle \ r\ } is   A = 4 π   r 2   {\displaystyle \ A=4\pi \ r^{2}\ } then   S ( r ) =   E I R P     4 π   r 2     . {\displaystyle \ S(r)={\frac {\ {\mathsf {EIRP}}\ }{\ 4\pi \ r^{2}\ }}~.} Since   E I R P = E R P × 1.64   , {\displaystyle \ \mathrm {EIRP} =\mathrm {ERP} \times 1.64\ ,}   S ( r ) =   0.410 × E R P     π   r 2     . {\displaystyle \ S(r)={\frac {\ 0.410\times {\mathsf {ERP}}\ }{\ \pi \ r^{2}\ }}~.} After dividing out

1736-619: The FCC database shows the station's transmitter power output, not ERP. According to the Institution of Electrical Engineers (UK), ERP is often used as a general reference term for radiated power, but strictly speaking should only be used when the antenna is a half-wave dipole, and is used when referring to FM transmission. Effective monopole radiated power ( EMRP ) may be used in Europe, particularly in relation to medium wave broadcasting antennas. This

1798-539: The United States is always relative to a theoretical reference half-wave dipole antenna. (That is, when calculating ERP, the most direct approach is to work with antenna gain in dB d ). To deal with antenna polarization, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) lists ERP in both the horizontal and vertical measurements for FM and TV. Horizontal is the standard for both, but if the vertical ERP

1860-428: The actual total power radiated by the antenna. The difference between ERP and EIRP is that antenna gain has traditionally been measured in two different units, comparing the antenna to two different standard antennas; an isotropic antenna and a half-wave dipole antenna: In contrast to an isotropic antenna, the dipole has a "donut-shaped" radiation pattern, its radiated power is maximum in directions perpendicular to

1922-426: The antenna itself are included in the gain. If the signal path is in free space ( line-of-sight propagation with no multipath ) the signal strength ( power flux density in watts per square meter)   S   {\displaystyle \ S\ } of the radio signal on the main lobe axis at any particular distance r {\displaystyle r} from the antenna can be calculated from

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1984-505: The antenna's strongest beam ( main lobe ). ERP measures the combination of the power emitted by the transmitter and the ability of the antenna to direct that power in a given direction. It is equal to the input power to the antenna multiplied by the gain of the antenna. It is used in electronics and telecommunications , particularly in broadcasting to quantify the apparent power of a broadcasting station experienced by listeners in its reception area. An alternate parameter that measures

2046-1002: The antenna, declining to zero on the antenna axis. Since the radiation of the dipole is concentrated in horizontal directions, the gain of a half-wave dipole is greater than that of an isotropic antenna. The isotropic gain of a half-wave dipole is 1.64, or in decibels   10   log 10 ⁡ ( 1.64 ) = 2.15   d B   , {\displaystyle \ 10\ \log _{10}(1.64)=2.15\ {\mathsf {dB}}\ ,} so   G i = 1.64   G d   . {\displaystyle \ G_{\mathsf {i}}=1.64\ G_{\mathsf {d}}~.} In decibels   G ( d B i ) = G ( d B d ) + 2.15   d B   . {\displaystyle \ G_{\mathsf {(dB_{i})}}=G_{\mathsf {(dB_{d})}}+2.15\ {\mathsf {dB}}~.} The two measures EIRP and ERP are based on

2108-426: The antenna. ERP < 22.77 dB W and EIRP < 24.92 dB W , both less than ideal by η in dB. Assuming that the receiver is in the first side-lobe of the transmitting antenna, and each value is further reduced by 7.2 dB, which is the decrease in directivity from the main to side-lobe of a Yagi–Uda. Therefore, anywhere along the side-lobe direction from this transmitter, a blind receiver could not tell

2170-568: The case of medium wave (AM) stations in the United States , power limits are set to the actual transmitter power output, and ERP is not used in normal calculations. Omnidirectional antennas used by a number of stations radiate the signal equally in all horizontal directions. Directional arrays are used to protect co- or adjacent channel stations, usually at night, but some run directionally continuously. While antenna efficiency and ground conductivity are taken into account when designing such an array,

2232-547: The community well since 1937, and has been at 740 AM since 1941. This is the end of an era in Canadian broadcasting history. Now, signing off, from CBL, adieu. The CBC subsequently surrendered two relay transmitters outside the city which duplicated the CBLA signal. In 2000, the CRTC awarded one of the new frequencies thereby available in Toronto to Milestone, which launched CFXJ in 2001, and

2294-403: The difference if a Yagi–Uda was replaced with either an ideal dipole (oriented towards the receiver) or an isotropic radiator with antenna input power increased by 1.57 dB. Polarization has not been taken into account so far, but it must be properly clarified. When considering the dipole radiator previously we assumed that it was perfectly aligned with the receiver. Now assume, however, that

2356-473: The direction of the receiver. In other words, a notional receiver in a given direction from the transmitter would receive the same power if the source were replaced with an ideal dipole oriented with maximum directivity and matched polarization towards the receiver and with an antenna input power equal to the ERP. The receiver would not be able to determine a difference. Maximum directivity of an ideal half-wave dipole

2418-434: The factor of   π   , {\displaystyle \ \pi \ ,} we get:   S ( r ) =   0.131 × E R P     r 2     . {\displaystyle \ S(r)={\frac {\ 0.131\times {\mathsf {ERP}}\ }{\ r^{2}\ }}~.} However, if the radio waves travel by ground wave as

2480-500: The first station operating under that format in Canada, to serve the city's large black community. Adding to the controversy of the CBC being awarded a station on the FM band in the country's biggest market, 99.1 was believed at the time to be the last available FM frequency in the city. On April 19, 1998, the new FM signal signed on for the first time, and began simulcasting CBL. On June 18, 1999,

2542-410: The following rebroadcasters. In the 1970s, the CRTC approved the CBC's application to change the frequency of CBOD Maynooth from 1230 kHz to 1400 kHz and later moved to 89.3 MHz in 1989. In 1986, the CRTC approved the CBC's application to change the frequency of CBLY Haliburton from 710 kHz to 1400 kHz and later moved to 92.3 MHz in 1989. On December 2, 1998, the CRTC approved

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2604-582: The frequency was again vacant until it was assigned to CBLA. CBL established a large low-power relay transmitter (LPRT) network in Northern and Central Ontario during the 1950s and '60s. These transmitters, all on AM frequencies, mainly rebroadcast the CBL signal but also offered some separate regional programming directed towards the regions served by the LPRT network in place of some local Toronto programming. One example of this

2666-422: The group finally received a license from the CRTC in 2000 to launch the country's first R&B / hip-hop outlet, CFXJ-FM - branded as "Flow 93.5", which signed on the air in 2001. Slaight Communications was a minority investor in the company; this ownership stake was not part of the company's 2007 sale of its broadcasting assets to Astral Media . In 2003, the company teamed up with CHUM Limited to obtain

2728-664: The other to the Aboriginal Voices Radio Network , launching CFIE-FM in 2002; that frequency later became home to CFPT-FM . The Hornby transmitter was leased to the new occupant of 740, CHWO , in 2001. That station is now known as full-service oldies station CFZM . The CBC Jarvis Street Tower site was demolished in 2002 to make way for the RadioCity condominium development. On October 4, 2021, CBLA added HD Radio operations, as part of upgrades in Toronto, Ottawa and Vancouver . The station's local morning program

2790-428: The power density a radio transmitter and antenna (or other source of electromagnetic waves) radiate in a specific direction: in the direction of maximum signal strength (the " main lobe ") of its radiation pattern. This apparent power is dependent on two factors: The total power output and the radiation pattern of the antenna – how much of that power is radiated in the direction of maximal intensity. The latter factor

2852-441: The product, expressed in volts, of: It relates to AM broadcasting only, and expresses the field strength in " microvolts per metre at a distance of 1 kilometre from the transmitting antenna". The height above average terrain for VHF and higher frequencies is extremely important when considering ERP, as the signal coverage ( broadcast range ) produced by a given ERP dramatically increases with antenna height. Because of this, it

2914-449: The reader is sometimes forced to infer which was used. For example, a Yagi–Uda antenna is constructed from several dipoles arranged at precise intervals to create greater energy focusing (directivity) than a simple dipole. Since it is constructed from dipoles, often its antenna gain is expressed in dB d , but listed only as dB. This ambiguity is undesirable with respect to engineering specifications. A Yagi–Uda antenna's maximum directivity

2976-464: The receiving antenna is circularly polarized, and there will be a minimum 3 dB polarization loss regardless of antenna orientation. If the receiver is also a dipole, it is possible to align it orthogonally to the transmitter such that theoretically zero energy is received. However, this polarization loss is not accounted for in the calculation of ERP or EIRP. Rather, the receiving system designer must account for this loss as appropriate. For example,

3038-442: The same thing is effective isotropic radiated power ( EIRP ). Effective isotropic radiated power is the hypothetical power that would have to be radiated by an isotropic antenna to give the same ("equivalent") signal strength as the actual source antenna in the direction of the antenna's strongest beam. The difference between EIRP and ERP is that ERP compares the actual antenna to a half-wave dipole antenna, while EIRP compares it to

3100-519: The schedule used by other rebroadcasters – it carries neither the 3 p.m. hour of Here and Now , nor any other specially-scheduled programming specific to the Toronto area. (For example, special weekend editions of Metro Morning aired on CBLA during the 2010 G20 Toronto summit ; however, the Crystal Beach and Paris transmitters carried a morning show originating from Ottawa, as did CBLA's other rebroadcasters outside Toronto.) In September 2011,

3162-509: The station completed its move to FM, adopting the CBLA call letters. CBL 740 remained in operation for an additional day, broadcasting a recorded loop listing alternative FM frequencies for any remaining listeners. The final announcement ran thus: This is CBC Radio One, broadcasting from the Hornby transmitter at 740 AM. In the Toronto area, we will now move to 99.1 FM, with additional frequencies throughout southern Ontario. This transmitter has served

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3224-476: The station moved to 740 kHz. Its former channel, now 860 kHz, went to CFRB (which would relocate to 1010 kHz in 1947), while the 840 kHz clear channel was relocated to Louisville , Kentucky , where it was taken by WHAS . (See Canadian allocations changes under NARBA .) Between 1938 and 1943, CBL had a rebroadcaster, CBY , to supplement coverage in Toronto. CBY broadcast on 960 kHz, switching to 1420 in 1939 and then to 1010 in 1941. CBY

3286-524: The station was leased by the CBC 's predecessor, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission . It used the call sign CRCT until 1937, when the station was purchased outright by the CBC and adopted the call letters CBL . It moved to a new transmitter facility in rural Hornby . The 650 ft guyed mast that the station transmitted from was for many years the tallest structure in all of Canada. With North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA) in 1941,

3348-670: The station's rebroadcasters outside Toronto. Since October 2005, Here and Now has begun at 3 p.m. on CBLA's main transmitter in Toronto, unlike most CBC Radio One stations whose local afternoon programs begin at 4 p.m. However, the station's rebroadcast transmitters outside of Toronto air regular CBC network programming for the first hour and join Here and Now in progress at 4. CBLA's rebroadcaster in Crystal Beach , which serve areas within commuting distance of Toronto, normally air Metro Morning instead of Ontario Morning , but otherwise abides by

3410-789: The two different standard antennas above: Since the two definitions of gain only differ by a constant factor, so do ERP and EIRP   E I R P ( W ) = 1.64 × E R P ( W )   . {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {EIRP}}_{\mathsf {(W)}}=1.64\times {\mathsf {ERP}}_{\mathsf {(W)}}~.} In decibels   E I R P ( d B W ) = E R P ( d B W ) + 2.15   d B   . {\displaystyle \ {\mathsf {EIRP}}_{\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}={\mathsf {ERP}}_{\mathsf {(dB_{W})}}+2.15\ {\mathsf {dB}}~.} The transmitter

3472-444: Was a radio broadcasting company headquartered in Toronto , Ontario , Canada. They were the first broadcasting company in Canada that was owned and operated by Black Canadians . The company's president was Denham Jolly . The company was founded in 1988 by five prominent individuals in Toronto's black community. After two attempts to obtain a license, which saw the group controversially passed over in favour of existing radio services,

3534-533: Was also powerful enough to serve as the CBC outlet for the Waterloo Region as well. Its nighttime signal reached much of the eastern half of North America (including three-fourths of Canada). However, radio frequency interference made the station nearly unlistenable in some parts of downtown Toronto. In a controversial decision, the CBC was awarded the 99.1 frequency over Milestone Radio , which had applied to open an urban music station, and which would have been

3596-500: Was approved by the CRTC on December 23, 2010. and was finalized in February 2011, ending Milestone's foray into radio ownership. That same year, CKFG-FM - on-air as "G98.7", founded by Fitzroy Gordon , was launched that October. Two years later, CFXJ was resold to Newcap Radio as Bell Media acquired the assets of Astral Media. The station, now owned by Stingray Radio , was rebranded to "93.5 Today Radio" in February 2022, whilist CKFG

3658-590: Was closed down in 1938. The station mostly broadcast on 6.095 MHz but, at various times, transmitted on 11.81 or 24.38 MHz. CBLA is a former callsign of a defunct CBC radio transmitter in Atikokan , as well as the defunct CBLR in Red Rock that now belongs to CBLA's rebroadcaster in Parry Sound. Effective radiated power Effective radiated power ( ERP ), synonymous with equivalent radiated power ,

3720-496: Was later forced to resume rebroadcaster-only service in April, due to a misunderstanding of the application details and the conditions of the repeater license. The new station received full approval from the CRTC on April 25, 2013. Prior to its sign-on, CBLA-FM-2 carried the same schedule as the provincial CBLA feed, apart from Metro Morning (Kitchener-Waterloo, like Crystal Beach, is also within commuting distance of Toronto). CBLA-FM has

3782-515: Was one of the last AM low-power relay transmitters to rebroadcast CBLA-FM Toronto. Gooderham & Worts opened an experimental shortwave radio station in April 1930 with the call letters VE9GW . Listed as being located at Bowmanville , Ontario , at CKGW's transmitter site, it relayed CKGW programming on 6095 kHz to northern Ontario, northern Manitoba and the Canadian Arctic . While mostly relaying programming from CKGW, it would also air

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3844-730: Was the daily Northern Ontario Report , which aired in the late afternoon. Most of these LPRT network transmitters now rebroadcast CBCS in Sudbury or CBQT in Thunder Bay. Some of these transmitters have switched to FM as well, or have been shut down as FM transmitters covering areas served by multiple AM transmitters have signed on. In 1997, CBL applied to the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission for conversion to FM. 740's daytime signal easily covered Buffalo, New York ; Erie, Pennsylvania and Youngstown, Ohio . It

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