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39-567: The museum is housed in the Entrepôt Lainé , a former warehouse for colonial goods (sugar, coffee, cocoa, cotton, spices and oils) which were then re-exported to northern Europe by Bordeaux merchants. The warehouse was built in 1824 by the architect Claude Deschamps, known for the construction of the Pont de pierre of Bordeaux. It is built of brick, stone and wood in a style inspired by Italian architecture. There are two grand naves that are reminiscent of

78-658: A Latinized version of the Aquitanian name meaning "stony river" ("kar" relating to "stone" and "-ona" relating to "river"). The Garonne's headwaters are to be found in the Aran Valley in the Spanish Pyrenees , though three different locations have been proposed as the true source: the Uelh deth Garona at Plan de Beret ( 42°42′34″N 0°56′43″E  /  42.709494°N 0.945398°E  / 42.709494; 0.945398 ),

117-515: A length of 6 m (20 ft), weigh up to 400 kg (880 lb) and reach an age of 100 years. Previously found on most coasts of Europe, it has now become so rare that it breeds only in the Garonne river basin in France. Conservation projects are under way to save this fish from extinction via species reintroduction from aquaculture , with the first releases having been made in 1995. Following

156-558: A minimalist decor of metal, concrete and natural materials such as teak and wicker. It has a terrace. Since 1981, the building also hosts Arc en rêve centre d'architecture, association that organises exhibitions and knowledge exchange about architecture, urban development, landscape and design. In 1965, Roger Lafosse created the Sigma Festival in Bordeaux, an avant-garde festival of visual and performance arts. In 1973, he installed Sigma in

195-611: Is 56,000 km (22,000 sq mi), which increases to 84,811 km (32,746 sq mi) if the Dordogne River , which flows from the east and joins the Garonne at Bec d'Ambès to form the Gironde estuary, is included. Umayyad and Aquitanian forces fought the Battle of the River Garonne in 732 beside the river near present-day Bordeaux. The name derives from Garumna ,

234-558: Is a river that flows in southwest France and northern Spain . It flows from the central Spanish Pyrenees to the Gironde estuary at the French port of Bordeaux – a length of 529 km (329 mi), of which 47 km (29 mi) is in Spain ( Val d'Aran ); the total length extends to 602 km (374 mi) if one includes the Gironde estuary between the river and the sea. Its basin area

273-639: Is an important point in the Itinéraire à Grand Gabarit , the logistic schedule transporting parts for the Airbus A380 production. Since 2016, the condition of the bridge makes it now permanently closed to traffic except for pedestrians, cyclists, trams, buses, taxis and emergency vehicles. On 26 April 2004, a tourist stamp was issued for €0.50 in Bordeaux. It shows the bridge and a train Pierre tramway de Bordeaux inaugurated on 21 December 2003. Contrary to what

312-462: Is one of the few rivers in the world that exhibit a tidal bore . Surfers and jet skiers could ride the tidal bore at least as far as the village of Cambes , 120 kilometres (75 mi) from the Atlantic, and even further upstream to Cadillac , although the tidal bore appears and disappears in response to changes in the channel bathymetry. In 2010 and 2012, some detailed field studies were conducted in

351-523: Is the origin of the Ruda-Garona river, running for 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) to the confluence with the Beret-Garona brook and another 38 kilometres (24 mi) to the French border at Pont del Rei , 54 kilometres (34 mi) in total. At the confluence, the Ruda-Garona carries 2.6 cubic metres per second (92 cu ft/s) of water. The Ratera-Saboredo cirque is considered by many researchers to be

390-847: The Atlantic Ocean ( Bay of Biscay ). Along its course, the Garonne is joined by three other major rivers: the Ariège , the Tarn , and the Lot . Just after Bordeaux, the Garonne meets the Dordogne at the Bec d'Ambès , forming the Gironde estuary, which after approximately 100 kilometres (62 mi) empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Other tributaries include the Save and the Gers . The Garonne

429-403: The Entrepôt Lainé . The Centre d'Arts Plastiques Contemporains (CAPC) was founded by Jean-Louis Froment. In 1973, CAPC held its first contemporary art exhibition called Regarder ailleurs (Look Elsewhere). By 1974, CAPC had moved into the warehouse. The first exhibitions included artists such as Gina Pane , Andy Warhol and Christian Boltanski . They quickly established the venue as one of

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468-448: The Roman basilicas and that are used to present temporary exhibitions. The building was restored by the architects Denis Valode and Jean Pistre in the 1980s, the second project that this architectural team had undertaken. Their treatment was unusual for the time, emphasizing shadows and depth. The designer Andrée Putman renovated the interior. The Café Putman, named after the decorator, has

507-592: The 1980s, the museum put on many exhibitions and events, and also arranged exhibitions in California, Spain and then throughout Europe and Japan with the exhibition of the Sonnabend Collection. American artist Keith Haring had a major exhibition in the museum in 1985, creating a series of ten large paintings, The Ten Commandments , to fit exactly the nave of the museum building. The ten paintings have since been displayed at various other locations. Haring did leave

546-564: The Artiga de Lin on the other side of the mountain. From Aigualluts to the confluence with the main river at the bed of the upper Garonne valley at 800 metres (2,600 ft) above sea level, the Joèu has run for 12.4 kilometres (7.7 mi) (16 kilometres more to get to the French border), carrying 2.16 cubic metres per second (76 cu ft/s) of water, whilst the main river is carrying 17.7 cubic metres per second (630 cu ft/s). Despite

585-592: The Center of Contemporary Art of National Interest label is awarded to capc. Pont de pierre (Bordeaux) 44°50′18.47″N 0°33′46.98″W  /  44.8384639°N 0.5630500°W  / 44.8384639; -0.5630500 The Pont de pierre , or "Stone Bridge" in English, is a bridge in Bordeaux , (in the Gironde department of France ), which connects the left bank of the river Garonne ( cours Victor Hugo ) to

624-542: The Garonne a hydrographic identity number 0 --- 00000 and the generic code O --- 000014,15. A flood of the Garonne in 1930 broke the dike in Thivras (Marmande). In Toulouse, the Garonne has been the cause of many floods, especially since its left bank is inhabited. The earliest records of floods are from around 1177. It is also recorded to have flooded in 1220, 1258, 1430, 1523, 1536 and in 1589, 1608, 1658, 1673, 1675, 1709, 1712, 1727, 1750, 1772, 1788, 1804 and 1810. In 1772,

663-625: The Garonne in 1835: 7,50 m at Toulouse Pont-Neuf Flood of the Garonne in 1855: 7.25 m at Toulouse Pont-Neuf Flood of the Garonne in 1875: 9,70 m to Toulouse Pont-Neuf (or 8m32 according to vigicrue). Flood of the Garonne in 1879: 4,87 m at Toulouse Pont-Neuf Flood of the Garonne in 1890: 3.30 m at Toulouse Pont-Neuf Flood of the Garonne in 1900: 4,00 m in Toulouse Pont-Neuf Flood of the Garonne in 1905: 4.24 m at Toulouse Pont-Neuf Crete of 1927 in Aquitaine, particularly imposing after

702-506: The Garonne reached 8 meters 50. In the recent centuries, in 1827, 1835, 1855 and 1856/7. In Toulouse, in 1827, the water level of the Garonne rose four meters above the ordinary level and filled the arches of the Pont de Pierre and Pont Neuf . In 1835, the Garonne rose to five meters above normal and 35 meters above the low water level and flowed through the four arcs of the Pont de Pierre. Flood of

741-483: The Garonne's Arcins channel between Arcins Island and the right bank close to Lastrene township. A striking feature of the field data sets was the large and rapid fluctuations in turbulent velocities and turbulent stresses during the tidal bore and flood flow. The European sea sturgeon (Acipenser sturio), also known as the Atlantic sturgeon or common sturgeon, is now a Critically Endangered species (IUCN) status [REDACTED] . This species of sturgeon can reach

780-501: The Ratera-Saboredo cirque 42°36′26″N 0°57′56″E  /  42.607295°N 0.965424°E  / 42.607295; 0.965424 ), or the slopes of Pic Aneto (Salterillo-Barrancs ravine 42°38′59″N 0°40′06″E  /  42.6498°N 0.6683°E  / 42.6498; 0.6683 according to the season). The Uelh deth Garona at 1,862 metres (6,109 ft) above sea level has been traditionally considered as

819-648: The Val dera Artiga above the Aran Valley in the Spanish Pyrenees. This underground route was suggested by the geologist Ramond de Carbonnières in 1787 but there was no confirmation until 1931, when caver Norbert Casteret poured fluorescein dye into the flow and noted its emergence a few hours later 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) away at Uelhs deth Joèu ("Jove's eyes" 42°40′51″N 0°42′28″E  /  42.68092°N 0.7077°E  / 42.68092; 0.7077 ) in

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858-590: The basin confronts a demographic challenge. The study aims to inform stakeholders and devise an adaptation strategy within the local master plan of water management and development (SDAGE), considering the impact of the predicted demographic shifts.  Central to the "Garonne 2050" study is its examination of the Garonne River basin's agricultural sector. Detailed insights into changes in irrigated agricultural areas, crop rotation, and farm numbers are essential for informing effective water management strategies. Notably,

897-499: The bridge is built mainly of brick and not stone. First bridge over the river Garonne at Bordeaux, the Pont de pierre was planned and designed during the First French Empire , under the orders of Napoleon I . As he campaigned in Spain, he needed his troops cross rapidly the river, and the original project envisaged a wood bridge, easier to build. Until then, it was necessary to cross the river by boat. Due to lack of resources,

936-454: The confluence of the Garonne with the Lot (of which it remained raw reference), insignificant upstream18. Flood of the Garonne in 1952: 4,57 m at Toulouse Pont-Neuf Flood of the Garonne in 1977: 4,31 m in Toulouse Pont-Neuf Flood of the Garonne in 2000: 4.38 m at Toulouse Pont-Neuf Flood of the Garonne in 2004: 3,52 m at Toulouse Pont-Neuf In 1777, the Garonne suffered an extraordinary flood to

975-517: The construction took place subsequently, during the Bourbon Restoration , from 1819 to 1822. During these three years, the builders were faced with many challenges because of the strong current and the high tidal range , 6 m (20 ft), at that point in the river. They used a diving bell borrowed from the British to stabilise the bridge's pillars. The bridge has 17 arches (according to

1014-602: The flow of the river, from source to mouth: The Garonne plays an important role in inland shipping. The river not only allows seagoing vessels to reach the port of Bordeaux but also forms part of the Canal des Deux Mers , linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean . From the ocean, ships pass through the Gironde estuary up to the mouth of the Garonne (to the right of the Dordogne when sailing upstream). Ships continue on

1053-649: The lack of universal agreement on definition for determining a stream's source , the United States Geological Survey , the National Geographic Society and the Smithsonian Institution agree that a stream's source should be considered as the most distant point (along watercourses from the river mouth ) in the drainage basin from which water runs. The Ratera-Saboredo cirque is the "most distant point (along watercourses from

1092-481: The leading places dedicated to contemporary visual arts. Two theater companies joined Sigma and CAPC, as well as the architecture center Arc en rêve . CAPC presented new avant-garde work in group exhibitions, and was gradually discovered by the public. In 1983, the institution became the CAPC Musée d'art contemporain de Bordeaux (Bordeaux Museum of Contemporary Art). The museum was formally opened on 17 May 1984. During

1131-474: The legend the number of letters in the name 'Napoléon Bonaparte'). On the sides, each pile of bricks is capped by a white medallion that were to receive the cipher of Louis XVIII of France , a double L. It was the only bridge in Bordeaux until the completion of the railway bridge Passerelle Eiffel  [ fr ] in 1860 and the only road bridge until the construction of pont Saint-Jean (Bordeaux)  [ fr ] in 1965. The bridge and its tide

1170-537: The museum a mural painting inside the elevator shaft. In 1990, the CAPC Musée and the arc en rêve architecture center occupied the entire warehouse, which was reopened after renovations in June 1990. In the years that followed the museum has steadily added to its collection, with assistance from the state. The focus was enlarged from Europe and North America to cover work from Asia, South America and emerging countries. In 2003,

1209-442: The museum was designated a National Museum of France. The CAPC museum presents permanent exhibitions of its collection and organizes large temporary exhibitions on specific themes. It often features artists who work in the Bordeaux region. Since 2000, the museum has frequently been used for exhibitions of music, architecture, cinema, literature or design, and has often put on exhibitions of popular art. By order of January 19, 2021,

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1248-502: The origin of the Garonne. The third theory holds that the river rises on the slopes of Pic Aneto at 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) above sea level and flows by way of a sinkhole known as the Forau de Aigualluts ( 42°40′00″N 0°40′01″E  /  42.6666°N 0.6669°E  / 42.6666; 0.6669 ) through the limestone of the Tuca Blanca de Pomèro and a resurgence in

1287-490: The point that the priest of Bourdelles took the trouble to retranscribe the event, at the end of the acts of the year, in the parish register of baptisms, marriages and deaths. The "Garonne 2050" project, initiated by the Adour-Garonne water agency in 2010, aims to address the future challenges facing the Garonne River basin regarding its water resources. With an anticipated surge of an additional 1 million inhabitants by 2050,

1326-414: The right bank quartier de la Bastide ( Avenue Thiers ). It is 487 m (1,598 ft) in length and 19 m (62 ft) wide. It constitutes the legal frontier between the maritime domain and the river domain in the port of Bordeaux. "Stone bridge" is the usual translation of "Pont de pierre", however the real meaning of the french phrase "pont de pierre" is "masson bridge". As a matter of fact,

1365-413: The river is no longer considered navigable . Instead the lateral canal takes boats through 53 locks to the town of Toulouse, where the canal meets the Canal du Midi . The upstream part of the river, upstream from Toulouse depends primarily on snow and snow melt. The lower/downstream part is rain fed as well as its main tributaries. The Garonne also feeds several channels/canals: SANDRE assigns to

1404-640: The river mouth) in the drainage basin from which water runs" and the source of the Garonne, according to the United States Geological Survey, the National Geographic Society and the Smithsonian Institution convention on determining a stream's source. The Garonne follows the Aran Valley northwards into France, flowing via Toulouse and Agen towards Bordeaux , where it meets the Gironde estuary . The Gironde flows into

1443-490: The source of the Garonne. From this point a brook (called the Beret-Garona ) runs for 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) to the bed of the main upper Garonne valley . The river runs for another 38 kilometres (24 mi) to the French border at Pont de Rei , 40.5 kilometres (25.2 mi) in total. The Ratera-Saboredo cirque is the head of the upper Garonne valley, and its upper lake at 2,600 metres (8,500 ft) above sea level

1482-531: The stamp shows, the tram passes along the bridge and not on a second bridge alongside. The design is the work of Claude Andréotto , engraved by Claude Jumelet for printing intaglio . The stamp was withdrawn from sale on 12 November 2004. Garonne The Garonne ( / ɡ ə ˈ r ɒ n , ɡ æ ˈ r ɒ n / gə- RON , garr- ON , French: [ɡaʁɔn] ; Catalan , Basque and Occitan : Garona , Occitan pronunciation: [ɡaˈɾunɔ] ; Latin : Garumna or Garunna )

1521-454: The tidal river Garonne up to the Pont de Pierre (stone bridge) in Bordeaux. Inland vessels continue upstream to Castets-en-Dorthe , where the Canal de Garonne joins the river. Prior to the building of the Canal lateral à la Garonne, between 1838 and 1856, shallow-draught boats used the Garonne itself as far as Toulouse . However, navigation on the upper river was very uncertain, and this stretch of

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