34-485: The Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) is a voluntary supply-chain security program led by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) focused on improving the security of private companies' supply chains with respect to terrorism. The program was launched in November 2001 with seven initial participants, all large U.S. companies. As of December 1, 2014, the program had 10,854 members. The 4,315 importers in
68-730: A DNI whose powers are too weak to adequately lead, manage and improve the performance of the intelligence community. In particular, the law left the United States Department of Defense in charge of the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). The first director of national intelligence was former U.S. ambassador to Iraq John Negroponte who
102-642: A bill in Congress, the GreenLane Maritime Cargo Security Act , which would enhance these potential benefits for companies at the highest level of security within C-TPAT. Mutual recognition (MR) refers to those activities relates with the signing of a document between foreign customs administration that allows an exchange of information aiming to improve supply-chain security. The signed document, or MR, indicates that security requirements or standards of
136-557: Is a subset of supply chain security which focuses on the digital aspects of the traditional supply chain as well as the supply chain for electronic and digital goods. Office of the Director of National Intelligence The director of national intelligence ( DNI ) is a senior cabinet-level United States government official, required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to serve as executive head of
170-622: Is appointed by the president of the United States and is subject to confirmation by the United States Senate , serves at the pleasure of the president . The position was elevated to a cabinet-level role during the first presidency of Donald Trump , a status it has retained under President Joe Biden . Currently, the DNI attends all Cabinet meetings and liaises with the Executive Office of
204-538: Is critical for organizational performance. Typical supply-chain security activities include: According to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence in the United States, "adversaries exploit supply chain vulnerabilities to steal America’s intellectual property, corrupt our software, surveil our critical infrastructure, and carry out other malicious activities. They infiltrate trusted suppliers and vendors to target equipment, systems, and information used every day by
238-452: Is desirable" that either the director or the principal deputy director of national intelligence be an active-duty commissioned officer in the armed forces or have training or experience in military intelligence activities and requirements. Only one of the two positions can be held by a military officer at any given time. The statute does not specify what rank the commissioned officer will hold during their tenure in either position. The DNI, who
272-595: The National Security Council , and the Homeland Security Council on all intelligence matters. The DNI, supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), produces the President's Daily Brief (PDB), a classified document including intelligence from all IC agencies, handed each morning to the president of the United States. President George W. Bush strengthened the role of
306-689: The United States Intelligence Community (IC) and to direct and oversee the National Intelligence Program (NIP). All 18 IC agencies, including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA), report directly to the DNI. The DNI also serves, upon invitation, as the principal advisor to the president of the United States,
340-543: The security of the supply chain or value chain , the transport and logistics systems for the world's cargo and to "facilitate legitimate trade". Their objective is to combine traditional practices of supply-chain management with the security requirements driven by threats such as terrorism , piracy , and theft. A healthy and robust supply chain absent from security threats requires safeguarding against disturbances at all levels such as facilities, information flow, transportation of goods, and so on. A secure supply chain
374-472: The DNI appeared to be open to web searches again. In September 2007, the Office of the DNI released " Intelligence Community 100 Day & 500 Day Plans for Integration & Collaboration ". These plans include a series of initiatives designed to build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S. Intelligence Community. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established
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#1733085739279408-555: The DNI on July 30, 2008, with Executive Order 13470 , which, among other things, solidified the DNI's legal authority to direct intelligence gathering and analysis, and to set policy for intelligence sharing with foreign agencies and for the hiring and firing of senior intelligence officials. The DNI was given further responsibility for the entire IC's whistleblowing and source protection by President Obama via Presidential Policy Directive 19 on October 10, 2012. Under 50 U.S.C. § 3026 , "under ordinary circumstances, it
442-611: The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as an independent agency to assist the DNI. The ODNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of United States interests abroad. The ODNI has about 1,750 employees. Its headquarters are in McLean, Virginia . On March 23, 2007, DNI Mike McConnell announced organizational changes, which included: The ODNI continued to evolve under succeeding directors, culminating in an organization focused on intelligence integration across
476-563: The President of the United States and other Cabinet secretaries in the execution of their duties. President-elect Donald Trump has nominated former Congresswoman and U.S. Army reserve lieutenant-colonel Tulsi Gabbard to the position after his election. Before the DNI was formally established, the head of the United States Intelligence Community was the director of central intelligence (DCI), who concurrently served as
510-640: The World Customs Organization SAFE Framework of Standards. In North America, both CBP agency and the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) offer “trusted trader” programs, CBP’s Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (CTPAT) and the CBSA’s Partners In Protection (PIP) programs as well as the bi-national Free And Secure Trade (FAST) program. Efforts are underway to Harmonize the application process and
544-641: The administration of such partner accounts. In the US, CBP and the trade have been collaborating for some time to create a design for a holistic, integrated Trusted Trader Program that includes both security and compliance requirements. This approach will enable CBP to provide additional incentives to participating low risk partners, while benefiting from additional efficiencies of managing both supply chain security (CTPAT) and compliance (ISA) in one partnership program. Supply-chain security Supply chain security (also "supply-chain security") activities aim to enhance
578-493: The benefits of participating in C-TPAT could include: Using the right technology, the processes of supplier data collection, organization, and risk analysis can be done easily, without requiring large investments into IT infrastructure or resources. The primary goal of the C-TPAT program is not to add more work for the importer or the companies participating, but to help improve the security of all global supply chains. U.S. Senators Susan Collins and Patty Murray have introduced
612-478: The community. The ODNI leadership includes the director, principal deputy director and chief operating officer. In addition, the Director of Defense Intelligence reports to the DNI. There are two directorates, each led by a Deputy Director of National Intelligence: There are five mission centers, each led by a director of that center: There are also four oversight offices: The USIC comprises 17 intelligence agencies and organizations: Position succeeded
646-553: The deputy director for science and technology at the CIA before that. Earlier in his career, he was an assistant director at the FBI , in charge of their Laboratory Division from 1997 to 2001. On July 20, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated retired Air Force lieutenant general James Clapper as the fourth DNI. Clapper was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 5, and replaced acting director David C. Gompert . This followed Obama's dismissal of
680-485: The director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The 9/11 Commission recommended establishing the DNI position in its 9/11 Commission Report , not released until July 22, 2004, as it had identified major intelligence failures that called into question how well the intelligence community was able to protect U.S. interests against foreign terrorist attacks. Senators Dianne Feinstein , Jay Rockefeller and Bob Graham introduced S. 2645 on June 19, 2002, to create
714-429: The foreign partnership program, as well as its validation procedures are similar. The essential concept of a mutual recognition agreement (MRA) is that CTPAT and the foreign program are compatible in both theory and practice so that one program will recognize the validation findings of the other program. The following programs have mutual recognition with CTPAT: Through this initiative, CBP is asking businesses to ensure
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#1733085739279748-528: The government, businesses, and individuals." Local police departments often lack the resources to properly address supply chain security. Theft and shrinkage can take place anywhere in the logistics chain: from the shipper, carrier, or consignee. It may be packages, pallet loads, and full truck loads. It can involve individuals with an opportunity to take cargo or can involve organized crime. Security systems involving surveillance systems, tracking systems , and broader corporate security are needed to reduce
782-399: The integrity of their security practices and communicate and verify the security guidelines of their business partners within the supply chain. When customs administrations offer tangible to businesses that meet minimum security standards and follow best practices, those businesses are known as “trusted traders.” This concept is internationally accepted and is entrenched in protocols such as
816-514: The law established the DNI position as the designated leader of the United States Intelligence Community and prohibited the DNI from serving as the CIA director or the head of any other intelligence community element at the same time. In addition, the law required the CIA Director to report their agency's activities to the DNI. Critics say compromises during the bill's crafting led to the establishment of
850-497: The mission of each EU customs authority : Customs authorities shall be primarily responsible for the supervision of the Community's international trade, thereby contributing to ... overall supply chain security. In February 2021 US President Joe Biden made supply chain security one of his administration's priorities. There are a number of supply-chain security initiatives around the world, including: Supply chain cyber security
884-556: The office, she was nominated by President-elect Joe Biden on November 23, 2020 and confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 2021. On November 13, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tulsi Gabbard for Director of National Intelligence upon returning to the Presidency in January 2025. Declan McCullagh at News.com wrote on August 24, 2007, that the DNI site
918-599: The physical security of goods and shipments but from 2012 on focus shifted to cybersecurity as the awareness of cyber threats grew. The European Union also treated the 2010 transatlantic aircraft bomb plot involving packages being sent from Yemen to the United States , as a significant factor in relation to supply chain security. The European Union's regulation on the Community Customs Code (2008) includes reference to supply chain security in its outline of
952-597: The position of Director of National Intelligence. Other similar legislation soon followed. After considerable debate on the scope of the DNI's powers and authorities, the United States Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 by votes of 336–75 in the House of Representatives , and 89–2 in the Senate . President George W. Bush signed the bill into law on December 17, 2004. Among other things,
986-444: The program account for approximately 54% of the value of all merchandise imported into the U.S. Companies who achieve C-TPAT certification must have a documented process for determining and alleviating risk throughout their international supply chain. This allows companies to be considered low risk, resulting in expedited processing of their cargo, including fewer customs examinations. According to U.S. Customs and Border Protection ,
1020-420: The same day. On February 13, 2007, Mike McConnell became the second director of national intelligence, after Negroponte was appointed Deputy Secretary of State . Donald M. Kerr was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence on October 4, 2007, and sworn in on October 9, 2007. Kerr, from Virginia, was previously the director of the National Reconnaissance Office and
1054-443: The theft of material. The terrorist attacks of 9/11 were the defining event for modern supply chain security. Before 9/11 supply chain security was primarily the concern of the insurance and risk management industries; after the attacks more structured approaches were implemented. Early efforts were dominated by concerns over the use of maritime shipping to deliver weapons of mass destruction. From 2001 to 2006 efforts focused on
Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism - Misplaced Pages Continue
1088-467: The third DNI, retired Navy admiral Dennis C. Blair , whose resignation became effective May 28, 2010. The fifth DNI, Dan Coats , the sixth DNI, John Ratcliffe , and acting DNIs Joseph Maguire , Richard Grenell and Lora Shiao , all served between March 16, 2017, and January 21, 2021, during the first administration of President Donald Trump . The seventh and current DNI is Avril Haines , who took office on January 21, 2021. The first woman to hold
1122-428: Was appointed on February 17, 2005, by President George W. Bush, subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate. It was reported that President Bush's first choice for DNI was former director of central intelligence Robert M. Gates , who was serving as president of Texas A&M University , but who declined the offer. Negroponte was confirmed by a Senate vote of 98–2 on April 21, 2005, and he was sworn in by President Bush
1156-438: Was configured to repel all search engines to index any page at DNI.gov. This effectively made the DNI website invisible to all search engines and in turn, any search queries. Ross Feinstein, Spokesman for the DNI, said that the cloaking was removed as of September 3, 2007. "We're not even sure how (the robots.txt file) got there" – but it was again somehow hidden the next day. On September 7, McCullagh reported that
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