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37-671: The main sight is the church of Sant'Egidio Abate , designed by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger . Cellere is mentioned for the first time in the 8th century AD, although a Roman origin has been speculated, under the name. Later it was part of the Papal States and of the Duchy of Castro , then again, until 1870, of the Papal States. This Lazio location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Antonio da Sangallo

74-485: A gold tabernacle. {This tabernacle may have later been melted down to fashion a new Baroque tabernacle, stolen in 1741.) Philip also paid for a new altarpiece, Girolamo Siciolante da Sermoneta 's Crucifixion , (which was later removed to Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli ). The Crucifixion was flanked by two side panels depicting St. Ildefonsus and St. James . When Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli

111-413: A major commission for the church of Santa Maria di Loreto in 1507. His design called for a square first story and an octagonal second story built in travertine and brick; the dome and lantern were finished many years later. Although Leo X 's papacy enabled Sangallo to connect with great artists, his main encouragement came from Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (later Pope Paul III ). Sangallo received what

148-462: A noted military architect, working on the fortifications of numerous cities such as Parma , Piacenza , Ancona and Orvieto . In Orvieto, he was also tasked by Pope Clement VII with building a well, called Saint Patrick's Well , noted as a marvel of engineering. Its double-helix ramps around a central open shaft allowed oxen carrying water to go down via one of the ramps and up via the other without having to turn around. Despite its 175-foot depth,

185-608: A number of sketches due to the disability of his master. Bramante valued Sangallo as a draftsman and allowed Sangallo to do the design work for some of his minor projects. Due to his success, Sangallo was eventually put in charge of the Passetto di Borgo between the Papal apartments and the Castel Sant'Angelo . That particular project was left unfinished, but it left Sangallo with a working reputation as an architect. Sangallo quickly received

222-462: A single shaft and two men. Sangallo was also a noted military architect, working on the fortifications of numerous cities such as Parma , Piacenza , Ancona and Orvieto . [previous sentence not changed but added citation] One of the most significant projects for Antonio’s career was to design and build the Fortezza da Basso in 1534. Sangallo the Younger almost completed the project in two years for

259-560: A square carved out in front of it, moving two hospices for Spanish pilgrims. Starting in 1506 San Giacomo was the national church of the kingdom of Castile in Rome. 1518 It was again remodeled in 1518 by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger . In keeping with the Council of Trent 's greater emphasis on the Eucharist, in 1549 Prince Philip of Spain donated funds to commission Gaspar Becerra to provide

296-452: A straight edge and compasses between the years of 1527 and 1532. Some of these drawings of mechanisms include part of a silk-spinning wheel, a fulling mill for the cloth industry, and a large circular mill with four pairs of cogwheel lanterns. Antonio also sketched new mechanisms that he imagined such as a gristmill powered by horses moving a tread wheel and another drawing shows a tread wheel mechanism that drives four mills simultaneously with

333-743: A wooden model exists today. After Antonio died in 1546, Michelangelo became the chief architect. Sangallo also worked extensively on the Vatican apartments, building the Pauline Chapel , the Sala Regia which serves as the entryway to the Sistine Chapel . He also worked on the Scala Regia , the staircase that serves as the main entrance to the Apostolic Palace . Vasari also claims that Sangallo modified

370-506: Is in the will of Henry of Castile (1230-1304), son of King Ferdinand III of Castile , who had given money to build it in 1259. The edifice was rebuilt for the Holy Year of 1450 using a gift from Alfonso de Paradinas, canon of the Cathedral of Seville . The façade, once facing the opposite side than now, was designed by Bernardo Rossellino . Pope Alexander VI , of Spanish origin, later had

407-579: Is the earliest of the few hall churches in Rome. Most of the works of art and funerary monuments in the church were transferred to Santa Maria in Monserrato. What remains in the church are some Renaissance works, such as a chancel in polychrome marble and the marble backdrop behind the high altar. The altarpiece of the Assumption of the Virgin with Glory of Angels and Apostles was made by Flemish -born painter Francisco de Castello . The Cappella di San Giacomo

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444-733: The Farnese family, Sangallo had a number of patrons in Rome. He designed the Palazzo Baldassini near the Basilica of Sant'Agostino for Melchiore Baldassini. Additionally, he designed a tomb for the Cardinal Jaume Serra i Cau in San Giacomo degli Spagnoli . Sangallo was also one of several artists hired to design the Villa Madama by Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, the future Clement VII ; he

481-664: The Sacred Heart ' , also known as San Giacomo degli Spagnoli and in Spanish, Santiago de los Españoles ) is a Catholic church dedicated to the Virgin Mary located in Rome's Piazza Navona . An earlier church, San Giacomo degli Spagnoli (St James of the Spanish), had been erected in the same place, on the ruins of the Stadium of Domitian , in the 12th century. The first mention of this church

518-910: The Sistine Chapel by elevating the roof, although exactly what the modifications are is unclear. Sangallo's final project was on the Rieti Valley , which had been commissioned to him by Pope Paul III . After working in the marshy environment, Sangallo contracted malaria and died in 1546 before finishing his work. Sangallo is buried in St. Peter's Basilica with the following epitaph: ANTONIO SANCTI GALLI FLORENTINO, URBE MUNIENDA AC PUB. OPERIBUS, PRAECIPUEQUE D. PETRI TEMPLO ORNAN. ARCHITECTORUM FACILE PRINCIPI, DUM VELINI LACUS EMISSIONEM PARAT, PAULO PONT. MAX. AUCTORE, INTERAMNAE INTEMPESTIVE EXTINCTO ISABELLA DETA UXOR MOESTISS. POSUIT 1546, III. CALEND. OCTOBRIS. His biographer Vasari writes, ″In truth Antonio, who

555-630: The Younger Antonio da Sangallo the Younger (12 April 1484 – 3 August 1546), also known as Antonio Cordiani, was an Italian architect active during the Renaissance , mainly in Rome and the Papal States . One of his most popular projects that he worked on designing is St. Peter’s basilica in the Vatican City. He was also an engineer who worked on restoring several buildings. His success

592-475: The building. The final stage was preparing the working drawings on 1:1 scale to instruct the construction workers on how to build his design. Sangallo was eventually hired to build the foundation for the church of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini on the bank of the Tiber . Jacopo Sansovino's design called for the church to extend into the river, a difficult task given the unstable bank. Sangallo successfully completed

629-448: The church and shored up the foundations; Vasari claims the church to be ″the best that Antonio ever executed″ despite the challenges innate in rebuilding a church as opposed to building a new one from the ground up. Sangallo was also hired to do similar work on the Vatican loggias , which had shown signs of weakness due to poor construction; his reinforcements stand today. Sangallo was also

666-460: The construction of St. Peter's Basilica by Pope Leo X . Sangallo was hired extensively by Leo X, not only as an architect, but also as an engineer tasked to restore and save a number of buildings. While he was working with Raphael on Saint Peter's Basilica, Sangallo had to compromise, but also search to find his own architectural style. He was influenced by other architects of the time, but his main influence and advantage had come from observing

703-455: The construction sites he and his group worked on collaboratively. His colleagues sent him architectural drawings for approval and got upset when they did not include sufficient information. Antonio da Sangallo incorporated mathematics into his design and preferred using the orthogonal mode of representation instead of making section and perspective drawings. Antonio designed his projects in six stages. The first stage consisted of measuring

740-487: The foundation, although at such great expense that there was no longer enough money to build the church. Although the model that Sangallo designed for the church was never built, the construction of Giacomo della Porta's designs began later, in 1583. Another project was the Basilica della Santa Casa in Loreto . The church had not originally been built well, with cracking vaults and an unstable foundation. Sangallo redesigned

777-413: The new Imperial Duke of Florence, Alessandro de' Medici . Military construction was a different type of architecture that required strong fortifications and a vast labor force to excavate ditches and transport the materials. The fortifications that Sangallo designed were built to resist the cannonballs and explosive mines that could negatively impact the structural integrity of the building. Antonio gained

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814-507: The political and religious turmoil of the fifteenth century. At around age twenty, in 1503, young Cordiani followed his uncles to Rome in order to pursue a career in architecture; he ended up taking the name ″Sangallo″ and then becomes known as Antonio da Sangallo (the younger). Instead of becoming an apprentice to an artist, his apprenticeship consisted of doing carpentry work. After about three years, he began working with Donato Bramante in 1506. As an assistant to Bramante, Sangallo prepared

851-521: The ramps are well lit through windows cut into the centre section. Possibly an inspiration for the design, the Well of Joseph in the Cairo Citadel also featured a double spiral staircase. Besides architecture and structural engineering, Antonio da Sangallo the Younger was also interested in mechanical engineering. He was interested in studying pulleys and drew many plans of different types of mechanisms using

888-509: The site and existing structures that were going to be affected. Then he collaborated with his patrons funding the project to draw sketches of ideas not to scale. The third stage was making the sketches of plans and elevations. After drawing these sketches, he developed them further to make detailed plan, section, and elevation drawings to present to the patrons. The fifth stage consisted of making wooden presentation models and detailed drawings for spaces such as atriums, stairwells, and windows of

925-477: The skills of designing and coordinating the logistics of hundreds of skilled and unskilled workers to build the complex network of spaces inside the military fortresses. Sangallo had maintained a good relationship with the popes, and thus was involved in the designing and building process of St. Peter's Basilica until at least 1536. Previously, the Basilica was entrusted to Antonio's uncle, Giuliano da Sangallo. It

962-425: The work of his uncles and father at a young age. He likely learned arithmetic and Latin at this time, which would influence his complicated calculations in his later projects. Sangallo had much more thorough training in draftsmanship and carpentry than many other Renaissance architects. This allowed him to ultimately develop a unique, methodical style, as seen in the geometrical patterns common in his work. Sangallo

999-548: The works he was studying, but also criticize the drawings for their distorted proportions. Antonio was influenced by ancient works because they inspired him to create more accurate drawings. Antonio da Sangallo selected a group of highly qualified designers to assist him with his projects. This group initially included Antonio Labacco (b. 1495-d. 1567), his brother Giovanni Battista da Sangallo (b. 1496-d. 1548), and his cousin Giovan Francesco da Sangllo (b. 1485-d. 1530). After

1036-492: The year 1530, more people joined his group, which included Bartolomeo Baronimo and Giovan Francesco’s brother Sebastiano also known as Aristotile. The members of the Sangallo circle had a variety of experiences and skills that ranged from building tools, pumps, and mills to building entire canals, buildings, and even moving the Vatican obelisk. Sangallo made sure that he always had control over his group, by visiting and surveying all

1073-520: Was a most excellent architect, deserves to be celebrated and extolled, as his works clearly demonstrate, no less than any other architect, whether ancient or modern.″ As an architect, his legacy can be seen through the buildings he worked on, especially as they inspired future architectural methods. His existing drawings serve as insight for other architects who can hope to learn from his architectural forms. San Giacomo degli Spagnoli Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore ( lit.   ' Our Lady of

1110-460: Was after the sack of Rome that Antonio da Sangallo was responsible for its undertaking, with construction of the Basilica beginning in April 1506. As "capomaestro", Sangallo was in charge of the day-to-day construction of the basilica for many years. Antonio collaborated with Donato Bramante, Raphael Sanzio, and Baldassarre Peruzzi to design the Basilica. He also created a design for the basilica, of which

1147-492: Was completed in the 17th century, the focus of the community shifted to that church, which is now the Spanish national church. The Church of San Giacomo and its annexes were for a long time maintained by the bequests of the Spaniards of Rome. However, with no maintenance provided, in 1818 the church was abandoned by the Spaniards in favor of Santa Maria di Monserrato, where the furnishings and tombs were also transferred. San Giacomo,

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1184-464: Was deconsecrated in 1824 and sold in 1878 to the French missionaries of the Sacred Heart. Pope Leo XIII had the edifice, which was on the verge of crumbling down, extensively renovated in the late 19th century. At that time the main entrance was moved to face Piazza Navona. The apse and the transept were demolished in 1938 to open the current Corso del Rinascimento avenue. Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore

1221-550: Was greatly due to his contracts with renowned artists during his time. Sangallo died in Terni, Italy, and was buried in St. Peter’s Basilica. Sangallo was born Antonio Cordiani in Florence , the son of Bartolomeo Piccioni. His grandfather Francesco Giamberti was a woodworker , and his uncles Giuliano and Antonio da Sangallo were noted architects of the time. Despite his family ties, Cordiani spent his early life in poverty, resulting from

1258-579: Was influenced by architecture, but also the Italian Renaissance as an artistic time period in which he lived. Even so, he remained highly critical of the Renaissance. Likewise, he was both influenced by and also critical of ancient Roman buildings, including the Pantheon. He practiced "operative criticism," which looked at architecture through a historical and societal lens. This allowed him to appreciate

1295-586: Was likely his first independent commission from Farnese. This piece was the fortress of Capodimonte, set on Lake Bolsena in Italy. Following this was the renovation of a home on the Campo dei Fiori in Rome, later known as the Palazzo Farnese . Although it was not completed until after his death, this palace became one of the most important in Rome, with its structure influencing a later code of academic rules. This palace

1332-423: Was personally responsible for the final design of the building itself. Although he was obligated to his patrons, he always imposed his own style on his projects. Through these projects, Sangallo acquired the reputation of a master architect in the city of Rome, mostly due to his originality and personal style. When Bramante died in 1514, Sangallo, along with Raphael and Giovanni Giocondo , was appointed to oversee

1369-521: Was what established Sangallo as a mature architect. Sangallo also received a number of further contracts from the Farnese family. For example, he designed a palace (since destroyed) and the Church of Santa Maria Maddalena in the Farnese town of Gradoli . He also designed fortifications for Capo di Monte and Caprarola; the latter eventually became a country estate known as the Villa Farnese . In addition to

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