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68-416: As of 31 December 2021, the province had a population of 1,434,357 of whom 1,175,886 live in the four urban districts, excluding İncesu which is not conurbated, meaning it is not contiguous and has a largely non-protected buffer zone . Kayseri sits at the foot of Mount Erciyes ( Turkish: Erciyes Dağı ), a dormant volcano that reaches an altitude of 3,916 metres (12,848 feet), more than 1,500 metres above

136-738: A Roman vassal, to " Caesarea in Cappadocia " (to distinguish it from other cities with the name Caesarea in the Roman Empire) in honour of Caesar Augustus upon his death. This name was rendered as Καισάρεια ( Kaisáreia ) in Koine Greek , the dialect of the later Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire , and it remained in use by the natives (nowadays known as Cappadocian Greeks , due to their spoken language, but then referred to as Rum due to their previous Roman citizenship) until their expulsion from Turkey in 1924. (Note that letter C in classical Latin

204-613: A World Heritage property . The concept of a buffer zone was first included in the Operational Guidelines for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention in 1977. In the most current version of the Operational Guidelines of 2005 the inclusion of a buffer zone into a nomination of a site to the World Heritage List is strongly recommended but not mandatory. — World Heritage Convention The buffer zone

272-579: A billion dollars in export revenues in 2007. Its environment is regarded as especially favourable for small and medium enterprises . The Kayseri Free Zone established in 1998 now has more than 43 companies with an investment of 140 million dollars. The Zone's main business activities include production, trading, warehouse management, mounting and demounting, assembly-disassembly, merchandising, maintenance and repair, engineering workshops, office and workplace rental, packing-repacking, banking and insurance, leasing, labelling and exhibition facilities. Kayseri FTZ

340-421: A buffer zone can have a positive effect on soil water storage performance. In addition, plant roots make the soil stronger, withstand waves and rainstorm, mitigate the erosion of riverbanks by floods , and effectively control the erosion of the beach. Riparian buffer zones have been used in many areas to protect the habitats of many animals which are being devastated by increased human activity. The areas around

408-474: A day to Ankara . To the east there are two train routes, one to Kars and the other to Tatvan at the western end of Lake Van . As the city is located in central Turkey, road transportation is very efficient. It takes approximately three hours to reach Ankara, the same to the Mediterranean coast and 45 minutes to Cappadocia . A notable ski resort in winter and accessible for trekking in summer, Mt Erciyes

476-562: A functioning hamam with separate sections for men and women dating back to 1238. Near the mosque is the Sahabiye Medresesi , a theological school dating back to 1267 with a magnificent portal typical of Seljuk architecture. Very similar is the Avgunlu Medresesi which now serves as a large bookshop-cum-cafe in a park. In Mimar Sinan Park stands the Çifte Medresesi , a pair of Seljuk-era theological schools that eventually served as

544-444: A good environment for upland habitat, which is in line with the living conditions of freshwater turtles , making them more dependent on the wetland environment. The protection level of the buffer zones will affect the habitat range of amphibians and reptiles , and the environmental management of the wetland habitat around buffer zone is extremely important. Vegetation buffer zones form a variety of landscapes as an important part of

612-536: A hospital for those with psychiatric disorders. They were commissioned by the Seljuk sultan Giyasettin I Keyhüsrev and his sister, Gevher Nesibe Sultan , who is buried inside. Today the buildings house the Museum of Seljuk Civilisations. Another Seljuk survivor is the grand Halikılıç Mosque complex which has two spectacular entrance portals. It dates back to 1249 but was extensively restored three centuries later. Post-dating

680-598: A large monastic complex, the Basileiad, in Caesarea Mazaca in the 4th century. Nothing remains of it today. The city stood on a low spur on the north side of Mount Erciyes ( Mount Argaeus in antiquity). Very few traces of the ancient site now survive. For more on the Roman and Byzantine eras see Caesarea (Mazaca) . The Arab general, and later the first Umayyad Caliph , Muawiyah invaded Cappadocia and took Caesarea from

748-564: A new site inside the walls. Kayseri Clock Tower , built in the early 20th century by Abdülhamid II , is located in the city center and remains a recognizable landmark. Bürüngüz Mosque , constructed in the 13th century, is an example of Seljuk architecture and is still in use today. Surp Asdvadzadzin Virgin Mary Church Research Library , located within the Surp Asdvadzadzin Church. The Atatürk House Museum

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816-416: A significant role in the city's educational offerings, providing specialized medical training and research opportunities. These institutions collectively contribute to Kayseri's growing reputation as an educational hub. Kayseri's cuisine includes several traditional dishes that are characteristic of the region. Mantı , a small dumpling filled with minced meat and commonly served with yogurt and spiced butter,

884-459: A sovereign state, forming a buffer state . Buffer zones have various purposes, politically or otherwise. They can be set up for a multitude of reasons, such as to prevent violence, protect the environment, shield residential and commercial zones from industrial accidents or natural disasters, or even isolate prisons. Buffer zones often result in large uninhabited regions that are themselves noteworthy in many increasingly developed or crowded parts of

952-516: A strong work ethic. According to an op-ed in The Irish Times , "The city's streets are not crowded with luxury cars, and the homes in its wealthiest neighborhoods are relatively modest compared to European standards. Rather than conspicuous consumption, wealth is often reinvested into the community." Philanthropy plays an important role in the city, aligning with the Islamic emphasis on charity. Kayseri

1020-436: A vegetation buffer can be built to reduce the penetration of pesticides into surface water. The buffer zone also prevents heavy metals or toxins from spreading to protected areas . When riverbanks are low due to plant roots entering the interior of the riverbank vertically, the sediment of riverbank is affected by the action of said plant roots, and the ability to resist erosion is higher than that without plant roots. But when

1088-403: Is 30 minutes from the city centre. Within the city transportation largely relies on buses and private vehicles although there is also a light rail transit (LRT) system called Kayseray which runs to the inter-city bus terminal and to Talas. The city had two professional football teams competing in top-flight Turkish football. Kayserispor and Kayseri Erciyesspor simultaneously play in

1156-678: Is a central public space in Kayseri, surrounded by notable buildings. Inside the centre of Kayseri the most unmissable reminder of the past are the huge basalt walls that once enclosed the old city. Dating back to the sixth century and the reign of the Emperor Justinian , they have been repeatedly repaired, by the Seljuks , by the Ottomans and more recently by the current Turkish government. In 2019 Kayseri Archaeology Museum moved from an outlying location to

1224-452: Is a private, non-profit school in the Kocasinan district, serving kindergarten through high school. Middle East Technical University Development Foundation Kayseri College follows METU 's educational philosophy, offering a comprehensive curriculum. Talas American College , established in 1871, has a rich legacy as an American school and continues to influence the region's education. Although

1292-458: Is another popular specialty in the region and is commonly included in breakfasts or cooked with eggs. Stuffed zucchini flowers are a seasonal dish prepared with a filling of minced meat, garlic, and spices. The flowers are carefully stuffed and then baked or steamed. This dish highlights the use of locally sourced ingredients in Kayseri's cuisine. Nevzine is a traditional dessert made from tahini, molasses, and walnuts, soaked in syrup. This dessert

1360-718: Is buried beside it although it was only completed by the Seljuks after his death. There are many magnificent reminders of the Seljuk supremacy in and around the walls as well as many much smaller kümbets (domed tombs) of which the most impressive is the Döner Kümbet ( lit. Revolving Tomb). The oldest surviving Seljuk place of worship – and the oldest Seljuk mosque built in Turkey – is the Hunat Hatun Mosque Complex which still includes

1428-617: Is getting worse due to the misuse of land. Although the buffer zone occupies a small area, it greatly improves the quality of water in the agricultural watershed due to its filtering effect on nutrients in the underground water and surface water. Because farmland is sprayed with large amounts of pesticides, some of which can seep into surface water, fish and other aquatic life can be negatively affected, which in turn can lead to environmental damage. Vegetation buffer has been proved to be an effective filter for sediment, especially for sediment-bound pesticides. When pesticides are sprayed in excess,

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1496-422: Is known for its privately funded institutions, including schools, clinics, sports facilities, and community centers, reflecting a focus on communal support and development. The city is served by Erkilet International Airport (ASR) which is a short distance from the centre of Kayseri. It offers several flights a day to Istanbul. Kayseri is connected to the rest of country by rail services. There are four trains

1564-564: Is located in a house where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk stayed, providing historical context about the early years of the Turkish Republic. The National Struggle Museum focuses on the history of the Turkish War of Independence and the role of Kayseri in the formation of the modern Turkish state. The Grand Mosque ( Turkish : Ulu Cami ) was started by the Danişmend emir Melik Mehmed Gazi who

1632-512: Is one of the Best Management Practices (BMPs). A buffer zone is intended to avert the effect of negative environmental or human influences, whether or not it embodies natural or cultural value itself. The importance and function of a buffer zone and the necessary protective measures derived thereof is a relatively new concept in conservation science and can differ greatly for each site. The quality of surface water in many countries

1700-451: Is one of the cheapest land free zones in the world. A group of social scientists have traced the economic success of Kayseri, a city in central Turkey, to a modernist Islamic outlook referred to as "Islamic Calvinism." This concept is drawn from Max Weber 's influential 1905 essay, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism , which argued that the "this-worldly asceticism" of Calvinism

1768-428: Is one of the city's signature dishes. Known for its fine preparation, Kayseri-style mantı is distinguished by the small size of the dumplings. Pastırma is a type of air-dried, cured beef, seasoned with a paste made from garlic, fenugreek, and spices. It is often thinly sliced and served as an appetizer or used in other dishes. Sucuk , a dry, fermented sausage made from ground beef and seasoned with garlic and red pepper,

1836-519: Is open to the public as a museum. Beneath it there is one of the 'underground cities' so typical of Cappadocia . The restored Church of Saint Procopius dates back to 1857 and serves as a cultural centre. The small town of Develi also contains some attractive old houses. The 19th-century Armenian Church of Saint Mary has been turned into the Lower Everek Mosque ( Turkish : Aşağı Everek Cami ). Kayseri received notable public investments in

1904-461: Is the city's largest research university . It currently has 13 faculties, six colleges, and seven vocational schools, with over 3,100 staff members and 41,225 students. Nuh Naci Yazgan University , founded in 2009, is the only private university in the region. Kayseri University , established more recently, contributes to the city's academic landscape with a focus on a diverse curriculum. University of Health Sciences Kayseri Medical School also plays

1972-453: Is the older and very atmospheric Vezir Han which was commissioned in the early 18th century by Nevşehir -born Damad İbrahim Paşa who became a grand vizier to Sultan Ahmed III before being assassinated in 1730. The Kayseri suburb of Talas was the ancestral home of Calouste Gulbenkian , Aristotle Onassis and Elia Kazan . Once ruinous following the expulsion of its Armenian population in 1915 and then of its Greek population in 1923, it

2040-524: Is typically prepared for special occasions and is notable for its dense texture and flavor profile. Kayseri is twinned with: Buffer zone A buffer zone is a neutral zonal area that lies between two or more bodies of land, usually pertaining to countries . Depending on the type of buffer zone, it may serve to separate regions or conjoin them. Common types of buffer zones are demilitarized zones , border zones and certain restrictive easement zones and green belts . Such zones may be comprised by

2108-702: The Armenian Catholic Church and the Melkite Catholic Church . It was a titular see of the Roman Church under various names as well, including Caesarea Ponti. A portion of Basil's new city was surrounded with strong walls, and it was turned into a fortress by Justinian . Caesarea in the 9th century became a Byzantine administrative centre as the capital of the Byzantine Theme of Charsianon . Kayseri Castle , built in antiquity, and expanded by

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2176-732: The Battle of Manzikert where the Byzantine Empire lost to the incoming Seljuk Empire , the city was later taken over by the Sultanate of Rum and became reconfigured over time with the influences of both Islamic and, later, Ottoman architecture . An earlier Silk Road trading town or city can be traced to 3000 BCE, in ruined Kültepe , 20 km (12 mi) north-east. Findings there include numerous baked-clay tablets, some of which were enclosed in clay envelopes stamped with cylinder seals . The documents record common activities, such as trade between

2244-582: The Byzantines temporarily in 647. The city was called Kaisariyah ( قيصرية ) by the Arabs, and later Kayseri ( قیصری ) by the Seljuk Turks after it was captured by Alp Arslan in 1067. Alp Arslan's forces demolished the city and massacred its population. The shrine of Saint Basil was also sacked after the fall of the city. As a result, the city remained uninhabited for the next half century. From 1074 to 1178

2312-646: The Süper Lig , making Kayseri one of only two cities having more than one team in Spor Toto Süper Lig 2013–14 (the other being Istanbul ). In 2006 Kayserispor became the only Turkish team to have won the UEFA Intertoto Cup . Kayserispor is the remaining professional team in the city, playing in the top flight as of 2023. The Erciyes Ski Resort on Mount Erciyes is one of the largest ski resorts in Turkey. The women's football club Kayseri Gençler Birliği

2380-471: The metropolitan see of Caesarea. A 10th-century list gives it 15 suffragans. In all the Notitiae Caesarea is given the second place among the metropolitan sees of the patriarchate of Constantinople , preceded only by Constantinople itself, and its archbishops were given the title of protothronos , meaning "of the first see" (after that of Constantinople). More than 50 first-millennium archbishops of

2448-470: The protected area categories (e.g. category V or VI of IUCN Protected Area) or a classification scheme (e.g. NATURA 2000) depending on the conservation objective. The term 'buffer zone' initially gained prominence in the conservation of natural and cultural heritage through its usage in the establishment of UNESCO 's World Heritage Convention, and the term was intended to be used as follows: A buffer zone serves to provide an additional layer of protection to

2516-756: The 18th and 19th centuries were subjected to wholesale demolition starting in the 1970s. The building that hosted the Kayseri Lyceum was rearranged to host the Turkish Grand National Assembly during the Turkish War of Independence when the Greek army was advancing on Ankara , the base of the Turkish National Movement. Kayseri has a continental climate ( Köppen : Dsa , Trewartha : Dc ). It experiences cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers with cool nights. Precipitation occurs throughout

2584-770: The 1920s and 1930s. Sümer Fabric Factory and Kayseri Tayyare Fabrikası ( English : Kayseri Aeroplane Factory) were set up here in the Republican Era with the help of German and particularly Russian experts. The latter manufactured the first aircraft made in Turkey in the 1940s. After the 1950s, the city suffered from a decrease in the amount of public investment. It was, however, during the same years that Kayseri businessmen and merchants transformed themselves into rural capitalists. Members of Turkish business families such as Sabancı , Has , Dedeman , Hattat , Kurmel , Özyeğin , Karamanlargil and Özilhan started out as small-scale merchants in Kayseri before becoming prominent actors in

2652-595: The Assyrian colony and the city-state of Assur and between Assyrian merchants and local people. The trade was run by families rather than the state. The Kültepe texts are the oldest documents of Anatolia. Although they are written in Old Assyrian, the Hittite loanwords and names in the texts are the oldest record of any Indo-European language. Most of the archaeological evidence is typical of Anatolia rather than of Assyria, but

2720-477: The Seljuks is the Güpgüpoğlu Mansion which dates back to the early 15th century but is open to the public with the furnishings it would have had in the late 19th century when it was home to the poet and politician Ahmed Midhad Güpgüpoğlu. Close to the walls is Kayseri's own Kapalı Çarşı ( Turkish : Kapalı Çarşı ), still a bustling commercial centre selling cheap clothes, shoes and much else. Deep inside it

2788-471: The Turkish economy. Despite setting up their headquarters in cities such as Istanbul and Adana , they often returned to Kayseri to invest. Thanks to the economic liberalisation policies introduced in the 1980s, a new wave of merchants and industrialists from Kayseri joined their predecessors. Most of these new industrialists choose Kayseri as a base of their operations. As a consequence of better infrastructure,

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2856-574: The area was under the control of the Danishmendids who rebuilt the city in 1134. The Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate controlled the city from 1178 to 1243 and it was one of their most important centres until it fell to the Mongols in 1243. Within the walls lies the greater part of Kayseri, rebuilt between the 13th and 16th centuries. The city then fell to the Eretnids before finally becoming Ottoman in 1515. It

2924-683: The buffer zone can form the habitat of many animals, and plants can become food for small aquatic animals . The buffer zone itself can also support the life activities of various amphibians and birds . Plants and animals can migrate or spread in response to these buffer zones, thus increasing the biodiversity in the area. A 1998 study shows that the species and number of animals and plants in riparian zones are higher than in other ecosystems. Because of their ability to provide abundant water, soft soil and stable climate, small animals such as Myotis and Martes prefer to live along riverbanks rather than in hilly areas. The buffer zone can also provide

2992-645: The buffer zone can increase green land, improve forest coverage , beautify the environment and visual effect, improve people's living environment, enrich the humanistic landscape, and enhance aesthetic value. By emphasizing the importance of the buffer zone, residents can be encouraged to participate in the protection and management of the buffer zone, and checkpoints around the buffer zone can be set up to make it more secure and effective. Caesarea (Mazaca) Caesarea ( /ˌsɛzəˈriːə, ˌsɛsəˈriːə, ˌsiːzəˈriːə/ ; Greek : Καισάρεια , romanized :  Kaisareia ), also known historically as Mazaca (Greek: Μάζακα ),

3060-407: The buffer zone, trees up to 6 meters tall greatly enhance the aesthetic value of the landscape. These tall trees have luxuriant branches and leaves, especially their upright posture, making them of higher ornamental value. Some colorful landscape tree species can be planted on both sides of rivers with tourism and sightseeing value to improve the aesthetic value of the place. Establishing vegetation in

3128-483: The city has achieved remarkable industrial growth since 2000, causing it to be described as one of Turkey's Anatolian Tigers . The pace of growth of the city was so fast that in 2004 the city applied to the Guinness Book of World Records for the most new manufacturing industries started in a single day: 139 factories. Kayseri also has emerged as one of the most successful furniture-making hub in Turkey earned more than

3196-441: The city's mean altitude. It contains a number of historic monuments, particularly from the Seljuk period. Tourists often pass through Kayseri en route to the attractions of Cappadocia to the west. Kayseri is served by Erkilet International Airport and is home to Erciyes University . Kayseri was originally called Mazaka or Mazaca ( Armenian : Մաժաք , romanized :  Mažak' ; according to Armenian tradition, it

3264-501: The generals of Alexander the Great when it became the seat of a transient satrapy by another of Alexander's former generals, Eumenes of Cardia . The city was subsequently passed to the Seleucid empire after the battle of Ipsus . It became the centre of an autonomous Greater Cappadocian kingdom under Ariarathes III of Cappadocia in around 250 BC. In the ensuing period, the city came under

3332-582: The plain, about one mile to the northeast, which gradually supplanted the old town. It included a system of almshouses, an orphanage, old peoples' homes, and a leprosarium (leprosy hospital). The city's bishop, Thalassius, attended the Second Council of Ephesus in 449 CE and was suspended from the Council of Chalcedon in 451 CE. A Notitia Episcopatuum composed during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Heraclius in about 640 lists 5 suffragan dioceses of

3400-634: The residence of the kings of Cappadocia . In ancient times, it was on the crossroads of the trade routes from Sinope to the Euphrates and from the Persian Royal Road that extended from Sardis to Susa during the 200+ years of Achaemenid Persian rule. In Roman times, a similar route from Ephesus to the East also crossed the city. Basil of Caesarea , one of the Cappadocian Fathers, established

3468-411: The riparian zone. Combining land and water improves the aesthetic value of river basin landscapes. The riparian buffer is rich in plant resources, and the wetland, grassland, and forest ecosystems make the landscape more beautiful. In addition, some recreational facilities can be built in the buffer zone to provide better living conditions for residents or tourists and improve people's quality of life. In

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3536-513: The riverbanks are higher, the roots of the plants do not penetrate deeply into the soil, and the lakeshore soil is not very strong. Herbaceous plants can play a role to some extent, but in the long term, vegetation buffer zone can effectively solve the problem of water level rise and water erosion. The adsorption capacity of a buffer zone can reduce the speed of surface runoff and increase the effective water content of soil. Through increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil structure,

3604-413: The school is no longer active, its historical contributions to education in Kayseri continue to be remembered. Kayseri is home to four public universities and one private university . Abdullah Gül University , established in 2010, is the first public university in Turkey with legal provisions for support by a philanthropic foundation dedicated entirely to its work. Erciyes University , founded in 1978,

3672-640: The see are known by name, and the see itself continued to be a residential see of the Eastern Orthodox Church until 1923, when by order of the Treaty of Lausanne all members of that Church (Greeks) were deported from what is now Turkey. Caesarea was also the seat of an Armenian diocese. No longer a residential bishopric, Caesarea in Cappadocia is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see of

3740-530: The sway of Hellenistic influence, and was given the Greek name of Eusebia ( Greek : Εὐσέβεια ) in honor of the Cappadocian king Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator of Cappadocia (163–130 BC). The new name of Caesarea ( Greek : Καισάρεια ), by which it has since been known, was given to it by the last Cappadocian King Archelaus or perhaps by Tiberius . The city passed under formal Roman rule in 17 AD. Caesarea

3808-413: The use of both cuneiform and the dialect is the best indication of Assyrian presence. Caesarea remained as its precessor was a firmly inland trading centre firstly for many nearby city states, secondly due to links far beyond to east and west giving it, among regional comparators in size, enhanced trade. The city was the centre of a satrapy under Persian rule until it was conquered by Perdikkas , one of

3876-434: The world. For use in nature conservation , a buffer zone is often created to enhance the protection of areas under management for their biodiversity importance. The buffer zone of a protected area may be situated around the periphery of the region or may be a connecting zone within it that links two or more protected areas, therefore increasing their dynamics and conservation productivity. A buffer zone can also be one of

3944-408: The year, albeit with a marked decrease in late summer and early fall. The city of Kayseri consists of sixteen metropolitan districts: Akkışla, Bünyan, Develi, Felâhiye, Hacılar, İncesu, Kocasinan, Melikgâzi, Özvatan, Pınarbaşı, Sarıoğlan, Sarız, Talas, Tomarza, Yahyâlı, and Yeşilhisar. Kayseri features a range of historical and cultural attractions that reflect the city's heritage. Cumhuriyet Square

4012-483: Was an ancient city in what is now Kayseri , Turkey . In Hellenistic and Roman times, the city was an important stop for merchants headed to Europe on the ancient Silk Road . The city was the capital of Cappadocia , and Armenian and Cappadocian kings regularly fought over control of the strategic city. The city was renowned for its bishops of both the Greek Orthodox and Armenian Apostolic churches. After

4080-545: Was destroyed by the Sassanid king Shapur I after his victory over the Emperor Valerian I in 260 AD. At the time it was recorded to have around 40,000 inhabitants. The city gradually recovered, and became home to several early Christian saints: saints Dorothea and Theophilus the martyrs , Gregory of Nazianzus , Gregory of Nyssa and Basil of Caesarea . In the 4th century, bishop Basil established an ecclesiastic centre on

4148-490: Was developed into more of an international attraction with big-name hotels and facilities suitable for all sorts of winter pastimes. The archaeological site of Kanesh-Kültepe , one of the oldest cities in Asia Minor , is 20 km northeast of Kayseri. Ağırnas , a small town with many lovely old houses, was the birthplace in 1490 of the great Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan , and a house traditionally associated with him

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4216-698: Was during the reign of the Seljuks (1178–1243), when the city was the second capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum . The relatively short Seljuk period left a large number of historic landmarks including the Hunat Hatun Complex , the Kiliç Arslan Mosque, the Ulu Camii (Grand Mosque) and the Gevher Nesibe Hastanesi (Hospital). As Mazaca ( Ancient Greek : Μάζακα ), the city served as

4284-472: Was founded by and named after Mishak) and was known as such to the geographer Strabo , during whose time it was the capital of the Roman province of Cappadocia , known also as Eusebia at the Argaeus ( Εὐσέβεια ἡ πρὸς τῷ Ἀργαίῳ in Greek ), after Ariarathes V Eusebes , King of Cappadocia (r. 163–130 BC). In 14 AD its name was changed by Archelaus (d. 17 AD), the last King of Cappadocia (r. 36 BC–14 AD) and

4352-504: Was largely reconstructed in the early 21st century. The Greek Orthodox Church of Saint Mary , built in 1888, has been converted into the Yaman Dede Mosque. Similarly attractive is the suburb of Germir , home to three 19th-century churches and many fine old stone houses. Mount Erciyes ( Turkish : Erciyes Dağı ) looms over Kayseri and serves as a trekking and alpinism centre. During the 2010s an erstwhile small, local ski resort

4420-650: Was promoted to the Women's First League for the 2020–21 League season. Kayseri High School ( Ottoman Turkish : Kayseri Mekteb-i Sultanisi , lit. the Imperial School of Kayseri), founded in 1893, is one of Turkey's oldest high schools. It has a long history of providing quality education and has played a key role in the region's educational development. Nuh Mehmet Küçükçalık Anadolu Lisesi , established in 1984, offers education in English . TED Kayseri College , founded in 1966,

4488-528: Was pronounced K. When the first Turks arrived in the region in 1080 AD, they adapted this pronunciation, which eventually became Kayseri in Turkish, remaining as such ever since.) Kayseri experienced three golden ages. The first, dating to 2000 BC, was when the city formed a trade post between the Assyrians and the Hittites . The second came under Roman rule from the 1st to the 11th centuries. The third golden age

4556-508: Was the centre of a sanjak called initially the Rum Eyalet (1515–1521) and then the Angora vilayet (founded as Bozok Eyalet, 1839–1923). The Grand Bazaar dates from the latter part of the 1800s, but the adjacent caravanserai , where merchant traders gathered before forming a caravan, dates from around 1500. The town's older districts which were filled with ornate mansion-houses mostly dating from

4624-440: Was the driving force behind the development of modern capitalism. In a similar vein, these scholars suggest that the religious and cultural practices in Kayseri, rooted in a modern interpretation of Islam, fostered values such as hard work, thrift, and entrepreneurial spirit, which contributed to the city's economic growth. In Kayseri, a notable characteristic of the local culture is a form of austerity, which can be observed alongside

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