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123-676: Bălți International Airport ( IATA : BZY , ICAO : LUBL ) — also known as Bălți–Leadoveni International Airport — is the second-largest international civilian airport in Moldova and one of the two main airports in Bălți , serving the city of Bălți and northern Moldova for civil passenger and cargo flights. Bălți-Leadoveni International Airport was opened in 1989 to replace Bălți-City Airport particularly on international routes and to ease air traffic to Chișinău International Airport . The second airport in Bălți

246-610: A Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian ASSR), on 12 October 1924, as a way to primarily prop up the Soviet propaganda effort in Bessarabia, but also to exert pressure on Bucharest in the negotiations on Bessarabia, and even to help a possible Communist revolution in Romania. On 24 August 1939, the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany signed a 10-year non-aggression treaty, called

369-576: A Moldovan language that is different from Romanian, the literary Romanian written with the Cyrillic alphabet being accepted as the linguistic standard for Moldavia. The only difference was in some technical terms borrowed from Russian. Moldavians were encouraged to adopt the Russian language , which was required for any leadership job (Russian was intended to be the Lingua Franca of interethnic communication in

492-547: A Romanian national sentiment. Contacts with Romania were not severed and, after 1956, people were slowly allowed to visit or receive relatives in Romania. Romanian press became accessible, and cross-border Romanian TV and radio programmes could be easily received. Nevertheless, the Soviet–Romanian border along the Prut river, separating Bessarabia from Romania, was closed for the general public. The little nationalism which existed in

615-493: A few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

738-464: A handful of scientists, but mostly unqualified workers. Access of native Bessarabians to positions in administration and economy was limited, as they were considered untrustworthy. The first local to become minister in the Moldavian SSR was only in the 1960s as minister of health. The antagonism between "natives", and "newcomers" persisted until the dissolution of the Soviet Union and was clear during

861-413: A hotel complex, a residential area for civil aviation workers, the construction of a trolleybus line from Bălți to the airport, but they have not been implemented yet. Bălți International Airport is designed to operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week, all year round and includes an international passenger terminal (consisting of two buildings: one for departures, the first for arrivals), which has been in

984-550: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

1107-588: A political level. As Soviet–Romanian relations reached an all-time low in the mid-1960s, Soviet scholars published historical papers on the "Struggle of Unification of Bessarabia with the Soviet Motherland" (Artiom Lazarev) and the "Development of the Moldovan Language" (Nicolae Corlăteanu). On the other side, the Romanian Academy published some notes by Karl Marx which talk about the "injustice" of

1230-604: A pristine condition since its construction, although the existing facilities were considered temporary in 1987/1989. The runway at Bălți International Airport is the last runway built from scratch of reinforced concrete – the second runway of reinforced concrete in the Republic of Moldova after the runway at Chisinau airport. For example, at the military airfield in Marculesti, the runway is assembled from concrete slabs whose joints are not strong, leading to unevenness of these slabs and

1353-621: A runway oriented in accordance with the prevailing winds. Moreover, among cities with active airports in the Republic of Moldova, the average wind speed in Bălți (2.7 m/s) measured in the period 01/1990 – 12/2011 at an altitude of 101 metres (331 ft) (latitude 47.77462 – longitude 27.95065 corresponds to the runway altitude of Bălți City Airport 47°46′28.6″N 27°57′02.3″E  /  47.774611°N 27.950639°E  / 47.774611; 27.950639 , Bălți International Airport being located at an altitude of 231 metres (758 ft) )

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1476-810: A serious subject of high-level negotiations in itself. On 22 June 1976, Ștefan Andrei , a member on the Permanent Bureau of the Political Executive Committee of Romania and a future Minister of Foreign Affairs, underscored that the republic harbored no territorial claims and recognized "the Moldavian Socialist Republic as an integral part of the USSR," yet that it "cannot accept the idea that Moldavians are not Romanians." On 1 August 1976, Nicolae Ceaușescu , Elena Ceaușescu , Nicu Ceaușescu , Ștefan Andrei , and Ambassador Gheorghe Badrus were

1599-470: A treaty in 2003, after the independence of Moldova and Ukraine. The Communist Party of Moldavia was a component of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . The Communist Party was the sole legal political organization until perestroika . It had supreme power in the land, as all state and public organizations were its subordinates. Until the 1978 Constitution of the Moldavian SSR (15 April 1978),

1722-459: A year due to persistent fog. The same situation applies to the runway of the military airfield of Marculesti, which is situated at a height of 101 m and surrounded by hills above 300 m – which contributes to the persistent fog in Marculesti. Soil at Bălți International Airport is not subject to soil erosion, while Chişinău International Airport and Marculesti military airfield are subject to soil erosion processes. The prevailing wind directions in

1845-610: Is CBR 15 (all CBR above 13%) of the base strength under the road surface / W (unit expressing the maximum tyre pressure the road surface can withstand, W (unlimited) – no tyre pressure limit) / T (description of method by which the first value was obtained): T denotes technical grade) CONC (concrete). In accordance with the Decision No 32 of the Court of Auditors of Moldova of 25 May 2007, Bălți International Airport has been declared compliant with ICAO requirements. In accordance with

1968-499: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

2091-502: Is also higher than in Chişinău (2.28 m/s at an altitude of 173 metres (568 ft) – the altitude of the Chişinău airport is lower: 122 metres (400 ft)). The wind speed in Cahul – 3.71 m/s at 196 metres (643 ft) altitude ( Cahul Airport is 199 metres (653 ft)-209 metres (686 ft) meters). The positioning of the runway of Bălți International Airport in such a way that

2214-461: Is capable of round-the-clock operation throughout the year and is located outside the Bălți city boundaries, in the village of Corlăteni , Rîșcani District , 15.1 kilometres (9.4 mi) from Bălți city centre (9.7 kilometres (6.0 mi) from the northern outskirts of the Bălți city district of " Dacia ", or as it is called "Bam"), with direct access to the European route E583 / M5 expressway and

2337-574: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

2460-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

2583-487: Is located in the Rîșcani District , covers an area of 144.5567 hectares (14,455.67 a) and includes the aerodrome , passenger terminal , baggage handling facility, buildings and facilities providing the technological process (metal hangar, diesel-electric generator for stand-by reserve, area in front of the passenger terminal, parking spaces for special ground vehicles, etc.), as well as an area that could be used for

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2706-538: Is located, can be reached by the European route E583 / M5 highway , which continues after the roundabout at the Bălți exit at the end of Decebal Street, and by the Republican Road R12 . There is no bicycle route to Bălți International Airport. The closest hotel to Bălți International Airport is LidoLux (11.4 kilometres (7.1 mi), 11 minutes' drive). Other hotels in Bălți can be reached by public transport from Bălți or by taxi. The first area to enter Bălți from

2829-704: Is no train station directly at Bălți International Airport. There are no trolleybuses to the Bălți International Airport in Corlăteni from Bălți, despite plans to extend an electrified trolleybus line to this airport and trolleybus lines 1, 3 and 4 run to the second historic Bălți City Airport. Most buses and minibuses on suburban routes in the Bălți metropolitan area and interurban/inter-district routes, as well as buses on international routes to and from Bălți stop in Corlăteni (4.2 kilometres (2.6 mi) from

2952-532: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

3075-591: Is the first historic Bălți airport for scheduled flights – the Bălți-City Airport in the "Autogara" ("Bus Station") area, in the eastern limits of the Bălți urban area, which after the commissioning of the Bălți-Leadoveni International Airport in its last years of active operation (late 1980s) was used as a regional airport used for emergency services , agriculture , aviation works and regional transport . Bălți International Airport

3198-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

3321-822: The Baltic states , the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic , and the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic boycotted the 1991 Soviet Union referendum with 98.72% in favor without any official sanction. On 23 May 1991, the Moldavian parliament changed the name of the republic to the Republic of Moldova . The Gagauz declared the Gagauz Republic on 19 August 1990. They had previously declared a Gagauz ASSR within Moldova on 12 November 1989. Independence

3444-691: The Bessarabian question once again and denounced the Soviet invasion during the 14th Congress of the Romanian Communist Party. After the fall of communism in Romania , on 5 April 1991, its president Ion Iliescu , and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev signed a political treaty which among other things recognized the Soviet-Romanian border. However, the Parliament of Romania refused to ratify it. Romania and Russia eventually signed and ratified

3567-561: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

3690-632: The Moldavian ASSR , in favour of the Romanian standard. Hence, Mihai Eminescu and Vasile Alecsandri were again allowed, and the standard written language became the same as Romanian, except that it was written with Cyrillic script . Access to Romanian authors born outside the medieval Principality of Moldavia was restricted, as was the case with works by authors such as Eminescu, Mihail Kogălniceanu , Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu , Constantin Stere that promoted

3813-585: The Moldavian SSR and the Ukrainian SSR . Also during World War II , Kampfgeschwader 27 and Kampfgeschwader 51 from Landsberg am Lech formed from Kampfgeschwader 255 were stationed at the airfield in Singureni. After the independence of Moldova in 1991, the two villages were again separated and returned to their former names, as they were historically: Corlăteni and Singureni. In recent Moldovan legislation,

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3936-608: The Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic , Moldovan SSR , Soviet Moldavia , Soviet Moldova , or simply Moldavia or Moldova , was one of the 15 republics of the Soviet Union which existed from 1940 to 1991. The republic was formed on 2 August 1940 from parts of Bessarabia , a region annexed from Romania on 28 June of that year, and parts of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , an autonomous Soviet republic within

4059-525: The Molotov–Ribbentrop pact . The pact contained a secret protocol, revealed only after Germany's defeat in 1945, according to which the states of Northern and Eastern Europe were divided into German and Soviet spheres of influence . The secret protocol placed the province of Bessarabia, at the time controlled by Romania, in the Soviet "sphere of influence." Thereafter, both the Soviet Union and Germany invaded their respective portions of Poland, while

4182-450: The Republican Road R12 . The location of Bălți International Airport runway is the most advantageous compared to airports and airfields in the region (i.e. compared to Chișinău International Airport and Marculesti military airfield ), which ensures continuous operation of Bălți International Airport without long closures that can last several days at Chișinău International Airport and at Marculesti military airfield. Since its opening,

4305-668: The Soviet occupation , the religious life underwent a persecution similar to the one in Russia between the two World Wars . Religious minorities, 700 families, especially Jehovah's Witnesses , were deported to Siberia in Operation North of April 1951. The number of the ethnic Bessarabia Germans also decreased from over 81,000 in 1930 to under 4,000 in 1959 due to voluntary wartime migration (90,000 were transferred in 1940 to German-occupied Poland ) and forced removal as collaborators after

4428-772: The USSR was dissolved . Geographically, the Moldavian SSR was bordered by the Socialist Republic of Romania to the west and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic to the north, east, and south. After the failure of the Tatarbunary Uprising , the Soviets promoted the newly created Moldavian Autonomous Oblast existing within the Ukrainian SSR on part of the territory between the Dniester and Bug rivers, to

4551-526: The Ukrainian SSR . After the Declaration of Sovereignty on 23 June 1990, and until 23 May 1991, it was officially known as the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldova . From 23 May 1991 until the declaration of independence on 27 August 1991, it was renamed the Republic of Moldova while remaining a constituent republic of the USSR . Its independence was recognized on 26 December of that year when

4674-452: The instrument landing system (ILS) on 2 directions, as well as precision approach radar system (PAR) and low intensity runway lights (LIRL) on 2 directions, without weather minima of ICAO landing categories, the ability of unlimited operation of aircraft Tupolev Tu-134 , Antonov An-24 , Yakovlev Yak-40 and other types of [REDACTED]  aircraft of class III and IV , as well as any types of helicopters . The technical certificate

4797-471: The list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and the use of two letters allowed only

4920-484: The military airfield in Marculesti (with ground handling and air navigation personnel being driven in for each landing/takeoff to Marculesti from Balti, since not available at the airfield in Marculesti) caused numerous scandals and panic among residents of Bălți. The runway of the military airfield of Marculesti, oriented directly towards the city of Bălți from the east towards the west (direction of border with Romania ),

5043-673: The pavement classification number and indicated the aircraft which may be operated at Bălți-Leadoveni with no restrictions: Il-18 , Antonov An-12 , Yakovlev Yak-42 , Tupolev Tu-134 . On 8 June 1990, USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation issued Bălți-Leadoveni Certificate No.190 of state registration and aerodrome suitability, confirming the registration of the aerodrome in the USSR State Register of Civil Aerodromes, aerodrome class "B", runway dimensions 2240x42m, 24 cm cement concrete surface type, day and night operation all year round, equipment with non-directional beacons (NDB) as part of

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5166-456: The wind rose at this particular location. During metrological observations it was found that when runways of nearby airports and airfields (Chișinău, Iași, Bucharest, Mărculești, Odesa and Kyiv) are closed for operation or have reduced visibility, the runway of Balti Lyadoveni airport remains operable with sufficient visibility, both horizontal and vertical. Pavement classification number: PCN 16 R (rigid construction) / A (the strongest class

5289-539: The 1812 annexation of Bessarabia and Nicolae Ceaușescu in a 1965 speech quoted a letter by Friedrich Engels in which he criticized the Russian annexation, while in another 1966 speech, he denounced the pre-World War II calls of the Romanian Communist Party for the Soviet annexation of Bessarabia and Bukovina. The issue was brought to light whenever the relationships with the Soviets were waning, but never became

5412-521: The 1970s and 1980s, Moldavia received substantial investment from the budget of the USSR to develop industrial, scientific facilities, as well as housing. In 1971, the Soviet Council of Ministers adopted a decision "About the measures for further development of Kishinev city" that secured more than one billion roubles of investment from the USSR budget. Subsequent decisions directed enormous wealth and brought highly qualified specialists from all over

5535-642: The Annex to the Standardised European Air Traffic Regulations (SERA) which states that aircraft must not fly over congested areas of cities, towns or populated areas or over crowded open-air areas. Therefore, no inconveniences were observed during the operation of Bălți International Airport, even when flights were operated by Tupolev Tu-134 , one of the noisiest aircraft, popularly called the "whistle". In this context, attempts to operate several irregular flights with medium-sized aircraft from

5658-493: The Bălți International Airport can operate in any weather conditions . The runway at Bălți International Airport is at an absolute altitude of 231 metres (758 ft), with surrounding valleys descending to 100 metres (330 ft), which contributes to quick dissipation of fog . Chişinău Airport the runway is situated at a height of 115 m and surrounded by hills 250 m high, resulting in Chisinau airport being closed several days

5781-516: The Combined Aviation Unit of Bălți were: Alexei Lyciman, Yevgeny Ilyakov, Anatolii Bajucov, Alexei Alexeev, Vasilii Burma, Ivan Tomac, Vladimir Rishkov, Valery Cenin. Among the heads of the airport's technical services base were Grigore Rotari, Boris Cabac, Victor Gherta. The air navigation service was headed by Dmitrie Covalciuc, and the passenger service by Maria Ribacova, Alexandr Ojegov, Leonid Solovyov. The airport and ground service

5904-655: The Council of State Security of the Romanian Socialist Republic , to Yuri Andropov , the chief of KGB, three of the leaders of the National Patriotic Front , Alexandru Usatiuc-Bulgăr , Gheorghe Ghimpu and Valeriu Graur , as well as a fourth person, Alexandru Șoltoianu , the leader of a similar clandestine movement in Northern Bukovina , were arrested and later sentenced to long prison terms. In

6027-511: The IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn , is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as

6150-515: The Moldavian SSR was meant to be a rural country specialized in agriculture. Kyrgyzstan was the only Soviet Republic to hold a larger percentage of rural population. While holding just 0.2% of the Soviet territory, it accounted for 10% of the canned food production, 4.2% of its vegetables, 12.3% of its fruits and 8.2% of its wine production. At the same time, most of the Moldavian industry was built in Transnistria. While accounting for roughly 15% of

6273-538: The Moldavian SSR within the Soviet Union. The main success of the national movement from 1988 to 1989 was the official adoption of the Moldovan language on 31 August 1989, by the Supreme Soviet of Moldova , the declaration in the preamble of the declaration of independence of a Moldavian–Romanian linguistic unity, and the return of the language to the pre-Soviet Latin alphabet . In 1990, when it became clear that Moldavia

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6396-510: The Moldavian elite manifested itself in poems and articles in literary journals, before their authors were purged in campaigns against "anti-Soviet feelings" and "local nationalism" organized by Bodiul and Grossu. The official stance of the Soviet government was that Moldavian culture was distinct from Romanian culture , but they had a more coherent policy than the previous one from the Moldavian ASSR. There were no more attempts in creating

6519-412: The Republic of Moldoa are N , NE , NW , S and SE . An anemometer of the reference station located near Bălți International Airport (open place at 200 metres (660 ft) above the ground, slightly screened with a low roughness coefficient ) revealed the highest average annual wind speed in the Republic of Moldova at Bălți International Airport (followed by Cahul International Airport ) compared to

6642-556: The Soviet Union occupied and annexed Lithuania , Estonia and Latvia in June 1940, and waged war upon Finland. On 26 June 1940, four days after the end of the battle of France , the Soviet Union issued an ultimatum to the Romanian Kingdom , demanding the latter cede Bessarabia and Bukovina . After the Soviets agreed with Germany that they would limit their claims in Bukovina, which

6765-456: The Soviet Union). In the early years, political and academic positions were given to members of non-Moldavian ethnic groups (only 14% of the Moldavian SSR's political leaders were ethnic Moldavians in 1946), although this gradually changed as time went on. In the aftermath of World War II, many Russians and Ukrainians, along with a smaller number of other ethnic groups, migrated from the rest of

6888-682: The Soviet reoccupation, in 1944, a so-called "repatriation" of the Bessarabians who fled to Romania before the advancing Red Army was organized by the Soviet security forces; many were shot or deported, blamed as collaborators of Romania and Nazi Germany. NKVD / MGB also struck at anti-Soviet groups, which were most active from 1944 to 1952. Anti-Soviet organizations such as Democratic Agrarian Party , Freedom Party , Democratic Union of Freedom , Arcașii lui Ștefan , Vasile Lupu High School Group , Vocea Basarabiei were severely reprimanded and their leaders were persecuted. A de- kulakisation campaign

7011-604: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic The Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic or Moldavian SSR ( Romanian : Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească , Moldovan Cyrillic : Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ ), also known as

7134-438: The USSR to Moldavia in order to help rebuild the heavily war-damaged economy. They were mostly factory and construction workers who settled in major urban areas, as well as military personnel stationed in the region. From a socio-economic point of view, this group was quite diverse: in addition to industrial and construction workers, as well as retired officers and soldiers of the Soviet army, it also included engineers, technicians,

7257-531: The USSR to develop the Soviet republic. Such an allocation of USSR assets was partially influenced by the fact that Leonid Brezhnev , the effective ruler of the USSR from 1964 to 1982, was the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Moldavia from 1950 to 1952. These allocations stopped in 1991 with the Belavezha Accords , when the nation became independent. Although Brezhnev and other CPM first secretaries were largely successful in suppressing Moldavian nationalism , Mikhail Gorbachev 's administration facilitated

7380-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

7503-487: The action plan report dated 1 March 2013, established as part of an inspection carried out by the Moldovan Civil Aviation Authority , the following services were inspected at Bălți-Leadoveni Airport: passenger and baggage service, general services, ticket office and air terminal, passenger transportation, baggage service. In accordance with a press release published in December 2015 by the former Moldovan Ministry of Transport and Road Infrastructure, Bălți International Airport

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7626-439: The airport has served as a hub for Moldovan branch of Aeroflot , then for Air Moldova , and as the main base for Moldaeroservice . In the history of civil aviation of the Republic of Moldova, only the Chișinău International Airport and the Bălți International Airport operated regular Tupolev Tu-134 flights. The airport was certified and opened for passenger and cargo services, operating regular passenger flights from 1989 –

7749-403: The airport is the Dacia district, which is connected by public transport and taxis to various parts of the city. Balti International Airport is managed by the State Enterprise Moldaeroservice and covers an area of 144 hectares (14,400 a). From an administrative point of view, the airport depends on geographically competent local authorities : in general on the Government of Moldova , in

7872-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

7995-413: The airport – 4 minutes by car) or near the flyover bridge with direct access to the airport from the M5 highway (1.3 kilometres (0.81 mi) – 3 minutes by car to the airport). Taxis are available upon order. There is no permanent taxi stand at the terminal. Balti International Airport is 15.4 km (17 minutes' drive) from Bălți city centre. The passenger terminal, where Bălți International Airport

8118-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

8241-486: The airspace control and surveillance service became separate and was transferred to the Balti branch of the state enterprise MoldATSA. Order No. 79 of the State Civil Aviation Administration of the Republic of Moldova on the creation of the state enterprise Moldaviaservice. IATA airport code The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in

8364-436: The anti-Soviet and anti-Communist events from 1988 to 1992. The immigration affected mostly the cities of Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, as well as the countryside of Budjak where the Bessarabia Germans previously were, but also the cities of Transnistria. All of these saw the proportion of ethnic Moldavians slowly drop throughout the Soviet rule. The widespread nostalgia for the Soviet Union influences electoral choice in

8487-403: The areas such as education, technology and science, health care, and industry. Between 1969 and 1971, a clandestine National Patriotic Front was established by several young intellectuals in Chișinău by Mihail Munteanu, vowing to fight for the secession of Moldavia from the Soviet Union and union with Romania. In December 1971, following an informative note from Ion Stănescu, the President of

8610-415: The capacity of Bălți-Leadoveni airport for operation of Tupolev Tu-154 (one plane per day) and Ilyushin Il-76 (50 planes per year with weight of 160 tonnes (350,000 lb)). Although intra- Soviet flights have been operated from the airport since its inception, following the collapse of the USSR and Independence of Moldova , on 4 April 2002 the Government of Moldova granted international status to

8733-398: The civilian international airport in Corlăteni is called Bălți International Airport . The Kyiv institute Aeroproject prepared the entire design documentation for the new airport, while the Moscow institute Aeroproject certified the airport and, in particular, proceeded to certification of the artificial surfaces of the aerodrome . The first technical flight on the new Bălți aerodrome

8856-491: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

8979-406: The collective farm ( kolkhoz ) "Leadoveni", near the village of [[Corlăteni, Rîșcani |Leadoveni]]. The choice of the location of the most recent runway built from scratch in the Republic of Moldova was made carefully, taking into account the then modern technical and engineering means and, in particular, the wind rose direction and lack of stable fog at the Bălți International Airport runway site,

9102-413: The damaged nature of the runway and, consequently, to a call by the former director of this airfield in Marculesti to close it. The geographical location of the runway at Balti International Airport was chosen in accordance with the latest air navigation standards and has the same magnetic orientation (north 15, south 33) as several international airports in the region and the world. The magnetic bearing of

9225-407: The development of infrastructure at the Bălți International Airport. Bălți International Airport is located in the northern part of Moldova, near the city of Bălți, one of the five Moldovan municipalities, outside the Bălți city limits, on the territory of the village of Corlăteni in the Rîșcani District , 15.1 kilometres (9.4 mi) from the centre of Bălți (9.7 kilometres (6.0 mi) north of

9348-919: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

9471-571: The falling plane away from the houses in Singureni and Corlăteni villages. A monument has been erected at the site of his death in Singureni. The Balti Leadoveni airport is now located on the territory of the village of Corlăteni. During World War II , the territory of Singureni village was the main military airfield in Moldova: the Bălți-Singureni airfield. It was home to IAP 55 (later named IAP 16) from Kropyvnytskyi with 5 advanced airfields in

9594-583: The field of urban planning permissions and land management on the district council of Rîșcani District and the mayoralty of Corlăteni village. The State Enterprise Moldaeroservice was founded in 1966 as the Bălți Flight Unit No. 281 ( Бельцкий авиаотряд №281 ) of the Combined Aviation Unit of Bălți (Bălți CAU), by order of the USSR Minister of Civil Aviation , based on a civil squadron of Yakovlev Yak-12 and Antonov An-2 aircraft. Together with

9717-574: The first day of the German invasion of the Soviet Union , 10 people were killed in Răzeni by Soviet authorities and buried in a mass graves . In July 1941 after Operation Barbarossa , a commemorative plaque was installed in Răzeni. The memorial to victims of Răzeni Massacre was opened in 2009. The Soviet authorities targeted several socio-economic groups due to their economic situation, political views, or ties to

9840-642: The first high-level Romanian visitors to Moldova since World War II. On 1 August, they came from Iași , and the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Moldavia Ivan Bodiul , Kiril Iliashenko, and N. Merenișcev escorted them from the border until they left for Crimea at the Chișinău International Airport on 2 August. The move was widely interpreted as a sign of improved relations. During a meeting, Brezhnev insisted that Ceaușescu himself had

9963-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

10086-474: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

10209-593: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

10332-659: The former regime. They were deported to or resettled in Siberia and northern Kazakhstan ; some were imprisoned or executed. According to a report by the Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania , no less than 86,604 people were arrested and deported in 1940 and 1941 alone, comparable to the estimative number of 90,000 repressed put forward by Russian historians. Immediately after

10455-449: The growing demand for jet air transportation: both runways of Bălți City Airport were too short, the surface type ( soil /grass) was inappropriate and the passenger terminal was not ready to cope with the increased number of passengers on scheduled jet flights. The design of a new airport for Bălți and the north of Moldova began in 1974. Before the construction of the runway, 146 hectares of chernozem / ploughland were expropriated from

10578-407: The highest altitude: 231 metres above sea level . The runway altitude at Bălți International Airport is 231 meters at the end of the runway with heading 15° and 215 meters at the end of the runway with heading 33° . This runway altitude is the highest and provides the best visibility compared to all other airports and airfields in the region. Unlike other airports in Moldova and in the region,

10701-482: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

10824-760: The landing and take-off route bypasses the city of Bălți complies with the civil aviation safety requirements established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), namely Article 3.1.2 ( Minimum Altitudes ) of Chapter 3 ( General Regulations ) of Annex 2 ( Flight Rules ) of the Convention on International Civil Aviation and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), namely Article SERA.3105. ( Minimum Altitudes ) to Chapter 1 ( PROTECTION OF PERSONS AND PROPERTY ) of Section 3 ( GENERAL RULES AND CONTROL OF COLLECTION ) of

10947-536: The largest ethnic group living in the countryside, the Moldavians. Contributing factors were the recent war and the drought of 1946. With the regime of Nikita Khrushchev replacing that of Joseph Stalin , the survivors of Gulag camps and of the deportees were gradually allowed to return to the Moldavian SSR. The political thaw ended the unchecked power of the NKVD – MGB , and the command economy gave rise to development in

11070-428: The locations of other airports and airfields in Moldova. Both wind speed and Weibull distribution in these studies confirm the correspondence of wind direction at the runway location of Bălți International Airport with the heading of the runway: NV/SE = 15'/33', thus always providing the necessary wind for take-off or landing in the right direction, without the headwind that often occurs at Chișinău Airport and at

11193-527: The military airfield of Marculesti, each with a runway oriented East-West, which often leads to headwinds at Chisinau Airport. In the Republic of Moldova, apart from the three runways oriented in accordance with the prevailing winds at 1) Bălți International Airport ( magnetic heading 15° northwest/33° south-east) and at Bălți City Airport (2) magnetic heading 13° northwest/31° south-east and 3) magnetic heading 01° southwest/19° north-east), only Cahul Airport ( magnetic heading 16° northwest/34° south-east) has

11316-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

11439-430: The new Bălți airport. The airport was built in the 1980s and at the time it met basic Soviet standards and was actively used by Aeroflot . Aircraft such as An-24 , An-26 , Yak-42 , Tu-13 4, as well as Tu-154 and Il-76 could land at the airport. There were projects for the construction of two terminals, a modern passenger terminal and a cargo terminal, an air navigation control tower instead of temporary structures,

11562-539: The northern outskirts of the city, where Dacia district ends), with direct access to the European route E583 / M5 highway and Republican Road R12 . Bălți International Airport is close to three railway stations: 12.4 kilometres (7.7 mi) (16 minutes by car) from the Pelinia railway station , 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) (19/17 minutes by car) from Bălți Northern railway station and 15.6 kilometres (9.7 mi) (18 minutes by car) from Bălți Western railway station . There

11685-485: The old Moldavian ASSR and organize the Moldavian SSR, from six full counties and small parts of three other Moldavian counties of Bessarabia (about 65 percent of its territory), and the six westernmost rayons of the Moldavian ASSR (about 40 percent of its territory). Ninety percent of the territory of MSSR was west of the river Dniester, which had been the border between the USSR and Romania prior to 1940, and 10 percent east. Northern and southern parts of

11808-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

11931-511: The opportunity to see that the Moldavians existed as a separate people with a separate language during his 1976 visit. "Yes," Ceaușescu replied, "I did, but they spoke with me in Romanian." In December 1976, Bodiul and his wife Claudia arrived for a return visit of five days at Ceaușescu's invitation. Bodiul's visit was a "first" in the history of postwar bilateral relations. At one of his meetings in Bucharest, Bodiul said that "the good relationship

12054-507: The population of Moldavian SSR, Transnistria was responsible for 40% of its GDP and for 90% of electricity production. Major factories included the Rîbnița steel mill, Dubăsari and Moldavskaia power station and the factories near Tiraspol, producing refrigerators, clothing and alcohol. Beginning with the early 1950s, the government gradually abandoned the language standard based on the central Bessarabian speech, established as official during

12177-400: The possibility of air travel on regular flights to 14 cities of the former USSR with aircraft of the type Antonov An-24 , Tupolev Tu-134 , Let L-410 Turbolet until 1993. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the airspace control and surveillance service became an independent service, delegated to the Bălți branch of the state enterprise " MOLDATSA ". With the collapse of the USSR,

12300-407: The republic had four cities directly subordinated to the republican government: Chișinău , Bălți , Bender , and Tiraspol . By the new constitution, the following cities were added to this category: Orhei , Rîbnița , Soroca , and Ungheni . The former four cities, and 40 raions were the first-tier administrative units of the land. Although it was the most densely populated republic of the USSR,

12423-580: The revival of the movement in the region. His policies of glasnost and perestroika created conditions in which national feelings could be openly expressed and in which the Soviet republics could consider reforms independently from the central government. The Moldavian SSR's drive towards independence from the USSR was marked by civil strife as conservative activists in the east —especially in Tiraspol—as well as communist party activists in Chișinău worked to keep

12546-430: The runway of Balti International Airport is 15° north-west / 33° south-east. The runway is 2,240 m long and 42 m wide. The land around the runway has been prepared from the beginning for its extension. The all-weather runway is ensured by an elevation of 231 metres above sea level and surrounding valleys up to 100 metres high, which ensures that there are no conditions for sustained fog formation, also taking into account

12669-501: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

12792-508: The second largest airport in the MSSR was Bălți City Airport, which served regular domestic Soviet passenger and cargo flights, as well as domestic flights within Moldova . With the expansion of civil aviation in the former Soviet Union since the 1960s and the operation of jet aircraft such as the Tupolev Tu-134 in 1969 in Moldova, only Chişinău International Airport in the Republic of Moldova

12915-572: The services of the Bălți City Airport Civil Aviation Regiment, Bălți Air Unit No. 281 formed the Bălți Combined Aviation Unit. The commander of Bălți Flight Unit No. 281 was appointed Nicolae Zavadschii, the head of the airport – Petru Ovcinicov, the head of the airport technical service base – Victor Șerstiuc and the head of the Combined Aviation Unit of Bălți – Vitalie Bezdenejnîh. Among the commanders of

13038-497: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

13161-490: The summer of 1941, Romania joined Hitler's Axis in the invasion of the Soviet Union , recovering Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, as well as occupying the territory to the east of the Dniester it dubbed " Transnistria ". Soviet partisans continued to be active in both regions. By the end of World War II , the Soviet Union had reconquered all of the lost territories, reestablishing Soviet authority there. On 22 June 1941, during

13284-510: The territories occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940 (the current Chernivtsi Oblast and Budjak ), which were more heterogeneous ethnically, were transferred to the Ukrainian SSR, although their population also included 337,000 Moldavians. As such, the strategically important Black Sea coast and Danube frontage were given to the Ukrainian SSR, considered more reliable than the Moldavian SSR, which could have been claimed by Romania. In

13407-504: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

13530-461: The war. Collectivisation was implemented between 1949 and 1950, although earlier attempts were made since 1946. During this time, a large-scale famine occurred: some sources give a minimum of 115,000 peasants who died of famine and related diseases between December 1946 and August 1947. According to Charles King , there is no evidence that it was provoked by Soviet requisitioning of large amounts of agricultural products and directed towards

13653-411: The year the concrete runway was commissioned at the newly built Bălți-Leadoveni Airport – connecting Bălți with 14 cities of the former USSR with Antonov An-24 , Tupolev Tu-134 , Let L-410 Turbolet aircraft until 1993. In recent years, the airport is used primarily for domestic flights and occasional external flights. Before the opening of Bălți International Airport, the main airport in Bălți and

13776-510: Was a banned subject in Romania, as the Romanian Communist Party tried to emphasise the links between the Romanians and Russians, the annexation being considered just a proof of Soviet Union's internationalism . Starting in the 1960s, Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and Nicolae Ceaușescu began a policy of distancing from the Soviet Union, but the debate over Bessarabia was discussed only in scholarship fields such as historiography and linguistics, not at

13899-430: Was able to serve regular passenger flights by jet aircraft. Although the number of domestic flights on the domestic Bălți – Chişinău route was seven times higher than on any other local route, and in Moldova , except for Chişinău Airport, intra-Soviet scheduled flights were operated only from Bălți City Airport , the limitations of Bălți City Airport became evident as its airport facilities were insufficient to meet

14022-411: Was approved by Moldovan Civil Aviation Authority on 4 May 1990. The technical flight certificate (operated with Tupolev Tu-134 ) was approved by Moldovan Civil Aviation Authority on 29 May 1990, pursuant to the order of Moldovan Civil Aviation Authority No.112 of 29 May 1990. On 31 May 1994, Moscow based State Design and Prospecting Research Institute for Civil Aviation "Aeroproject" confirmed also

14145-570: Was built for light and manoeuvrable military aircraft so that such aircraft could bypass the city on a take-off/landing path that medium and heavy aircraft cannot do. The name of the Bălți-Leadoveni airport comes from the old name of the former village of Leadoveni ( Corlăteni ), into which the villages Singureni and Corlăteni were merged in 1966. The name Leadoveni was given in 1945 to the village of Corlăteni (also called Strymba) in honour of Grigori Lyadov, who, during an aeroplane crash, steered

14268-463: Was directed towards the rich Moldavian peasant families, which were deported to Kazakhstan and Siberia as well. For instance, in just two days, from 6 to 7 July 1949, over 11,342 Moldavian families were deported by the order of the Minister of State Security, Iosif Mordovets under a plan named "Operation South". Religious persecutions during the Soviet occupation targeted numerous priests . After

14391-579: Was eventually going to secede, a group of nationalist pro-Soviet activists in Gagauzia and Transnistria proclaimed themselves as separate from the Moldavian SSR in order to remain within the USSR. The Gagauz Republic was eventually peacefully incorporated into Moldavia as the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia , but relations with Transnistria soured. Its sovereignty was declared on 23 June 1990 on its territory. On 17 March 1991, Moldova ,

14514-415: Was headed by Petru Lobanov, Rașid Biriucov, Dmitrie Gubarev, Vasile Barabaș. Throughout its development, the company went through many stages of restructuring and advancement. In 1989 the concrete runway was put into operation at the newly built Bălți-Leadoveni International Airport (also managed by Moldaeroservice), thanks to which the passengers from the northern region of the Republic of Moldova gained

14637-430: Was initiated by Ceaușescu's visit to Soviet Moldavia, which led to the expansion of contacts and exchanges in all fields. A visit was paid from 14 to 16 June 1979, to the Moldavian SSR by a Romanian Communist Party delegation headed by Ion Iliescu , Political Executive Committee alternate member and Iași County Party Committee First Secretary. As late as November 1989, as Russian support decreased, Ceaușescu brought up

14760-499: Was officially recognized as an independent state. In the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty , the Soviet Union and Romania reaffirmed each other's borders, recognizing Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Herza region as territory of the respective Soviet republics. Throughout the Cold War , the issue of Bessarabia remained largely dormant in Romania. In the 1950s, research on history and of Bessarabia

14883-632: Was outside the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 's secret protocols, to Northern Bukovina, Germany urged Romania to accept the ultimatum, which Romania did two days later. On 28 June, Soviet troops entered the area, and on 9 July the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was formed and applied to the Supreme Soviet for formal incorporation into the Soviet Union. On 2 August 1940, the Supreme Soviet unanimously approved to dissolve

15006-595: Was performed on 28 December 1987 by the Antonov An-24 aircraft, by representatives of the Testing Commission of Moldovan Civil Aviation Authority . On 31 October 1989, authorities established the conformity of the high-intensity runway lights (HIRL) installed at the Bălți-Leadoveni airport. On 22 February 1990, the Moscow based State Design and Prospecting Research Institute for Civil Aviation "Aeroproject" confirmed

15129-478: Was quickly followed by civil war in Transnistria , where the central government in Chișinău battled with separatists , who were supported by pro-Soviet forces and later by different forces from Russia . The conflict left the breakaway regime ( Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic ) in control of Transnistria – a situation that persists today . The Soviet Union ceased to exist on 26 December 1991, and Moldova

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