The Buçaco Palace is a former convent that today houses a luxury hotel located in the Buçaco mountain range , in the municipality of Mealhada , in central Portugal . It is a national monument .
31-589: The area around the Buçaco Palace was part of a Discalced Carmelite convent established in 1628. The monks of the Convento de Santa Cruz do Buçaco not only built a convent but also created a luxurious garden with many species of trees. The garden was supposed to represent Mount Carmel (where the order was founded) and the Earthly Paradise . Date from the late 17th century a series of chapels with representations of
62-534: A Via Crucis in the garden. Part of the convent, including the church with Baroque altarpieces, is still preserved beside the palace. At the entrance of the old convent, there is a plaque to the Battle of Bussaco which commemorates the fact that Viscount Wellington, who later became the Duke of Wellington , spent the night in the convent after the battle on 27 September 1810. The Carmelites left Buçaco in 1834 century following
93-570: A rule , which expressed their own intention and reflected the spirit of the pilgrimage to the Holy Land and of the early community of Jerusalem. They were also inspired by the prophet Elijah, who had been associated with Mount Carmel. The words of Elijah, "With zeal have I been zealous for the Lord God of hosts" (IKg 19:10) appear on the Carmelite crest. Around 1238, within fifty years of receiving their rule,
124-695: A Romantic palace in Neo-Manueline style, evoking the 16th-century architectural style that characterised the peak of the Portuguese Age of Discovery . The Buçaco Palace is inspired in iconic Manueline buildings like the Jerónimos Monastery and the Belém Tower , both located in Lisbon . Manini was succeeded by Nicola Bigaglia, José Alexandre Soares and Manuel Joaquim Norte Júnior, the latter responsible for
155-513: A contemplative life, also engage in the promotion of spirituality through their retreat centres, parishes and churches. Lay people, known as the Secular Order, follow their contemplative call in their everyday activities. Devotion to the Virgin Mary is a characteristic of Carmelites and is symbolised by wearing the brown scapular . Carmelites trace their roots and their name to Mount Carmel in
186-462: A controversial movement within Spanish Franciscanism, proposed to found a monastery of an eremitical kind. With few resources and often bitter opposition, Teresa succeeded in 1562 in establishing a small monastery with the austerity of desert solitude within the heart of the city of Ávila , Spain , combining eremitical and community life. On 24 August 1562, the new Convent of St. Joseph
217-512: A literal cloister ), with entry restricted for other people and certain areas exclusively permitted to the members of the convent . Outsiders may only temporarily enter this area under certain conditions (for example, if they are candidates for the order, doctors or craftsmen). The intended purpose for such enclosure is to prevent distraction from prayer and the religious life and to keep an atmosphere of silence. Under certain circumstances, exceptions may be granted for enclosed men or women to leave
248-482: A specific work, but the Carmelite Order tries to respond to what it sees as the needs of the church and the world - which differ according to time and place. Many friars work in such institutions as parishes, schools, universities, retreat centres, prisons and hospitals. Each individual friar will serve in roles depending on the perceived needs of the people with whom he lives and his own particular talents. Each day
279-646: Is a Catholic mendicant order with roots in the eremitic tradition of the Desert Fathers . The order was established in the 16th century, pursuant to the reform of the Carmelite Order by two Spanish saints , Teresa of Ávila (foundress) and John of the Cross (co-founder). Discalced is derived from Latin, meaning "without shoes". The Carmelite Order, from which the Discalced Carmelites branched off,
310-629: Is also referred to as the Carmelites of the Ancient Observance to distinguish them from their discalced offshoot. The third order affiliated to the Discalced Carmelites is the Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites . The Discalced Carmelites are friars and nuns who dedicate themselves to a life of prayer. The Carmelite nuns live in cloistered (enclosed) monasteries and follow a completely contemplative life. The Carmelite friars, while following
341-2727: Is marked by silence for prayer. In addition to the daily celebration of the full Liturgy of the Hours , two hours (one in the morning, one in the evening) are set aside for silent prayer. Communities should not have more than 21 members. The friars practice a broadly-based discipline of study. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] President of Scandinavian Bishops Conference (2005–2015) Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria degli Angeli (2017-Incumbent) [REDACTED] Auxiliary Bishop of Maracaibo (2007–2012) [REDACTED] Archbishop of Baghdad (1983–1999) [REDACTED] Military Bishop of Bolivia (2000–2012) [REDACTED] Auxiliary Bishop of La Paz (1983–2000) [REDACTED] Auxiliary Bishop of Bayeux-Lisieux (1987–2005) [REDACTED] Bishop of Meaux (1986–1987) [REDACTED] Vicar Apostolic of Tumaco (1990–1999) [REDACTED] Vicar Apostolic of San Miguel de Sucumbíos (1984–2010) [REDACTED] Apostolic prefect of San Miguel de Sucumbíos (1970–1984) [REDACTED] Metropolitan Archbishop of Cuenca (1981–2000) [REDACTED] Auxiliary Bishop of Quito (1977–1981) [REDACTED] Auxiliary Bishop of Guayaquil (2006–2009) [REDACTED] Bishop of Oruro (1991–2003) [REDACTED] Auxiliary Bishop of Oruro (1987–1991) [REDACTED] Bishop of Székesfehérvár (1991–2003) [REDACTED] Coadjutor Bishop of Székesfehérvár (1990–1991) [REDACTED] Auxiliary Bishop of Székesfehérvár (1988–1990) [REDACTED] Territorial Prelate of Infanta (2003–2012) [REDACTED] Bishop of Malolos (1996–2003) [REDACTED] Auxiliary Bishop of Manila (1994–1996) [REDACTED] Vicar Apostolic of Kuwait (1981–2005) [REDACTED] Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria sopra Minerva (1979–1998) [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] President of Italian Episcopal Conference (1979–1985) [REDACTED] Metropolitan Archbishop of Turin (1977–1989) [REDACTED] Metropolitan Archbishop of Bari-Canosa (1973–1977) [REDACTED] Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria della Scala pro hac vice Title (1895–1916) [REDACTED] Prefect of Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars (1899–1902) [REDACTED] Prefect of Sacred Congregation of Indulgences and Sacred Relics (1896–1899) [REDACTED] Camerlengo of
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#1733093284462372-640: The Battle of Bussaco . Discalced Carmelites The Discalced Carmelites , known officially as the Order of the Discalced Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel ( Latin : Ordo Fratrum Carmelitarum Discalceatorum Beatae Mariae Virginis de Monte Carmelo ) or the Order of Discalced Carmelites (Latin: Ordo Carmelitarum Discalceatorum ; abbrev. : OCD ; sometimes called in earlier times, Latin : Ordo Carmelitarum Excalceatorum ),
403-540: The dissolution of the monasteries in Portugal . Late in the century there were plans to turn the ancient convent into a royal residence for Queen Maria Pia , wife of King Luís I . However, difficult political circumstances soon led to the decision to turn the palace into a hotel. The Palace Hotel of Buçaco was built between 1888 and 1907. The first architect was the Italian Luigi Manini (1848–1936), who designed
434-451: The ecclesiastical authorities. Normally there is a transitional period, called exclaustration , in which the person looks to establish a new life and determine if this is what they are truly called to do. This usually lasts up to six years under the 1983 Code of Canon Law . After this period the appropriate authority, generally the Holy See , determines that the wish to leave a religious life
465-991: The Benedictine, Cistercian, Trappist and the Carthusian orders, along with the nuns of the second order of each of the mendicant orders , including: the nuns of the Poor Clares , the Colettine Poor Clares , the Capuchin Poor Clares , the Dominicans , Carmelites and Discalced Carmelites , Servites , Augustinians , Minims , together with the Conceptionists , the Visitandines and the Ursulines . The English word monk most properly refers to men in monastic life, while
496-512: The Carmelite Order in Rome, but were otherwise distinct from the Carmelites in that they could elect their own superiors and author their own constitutions for their common life. The following Discalced Carmelite Chapter at Alcala de Henares , Spain in March 1581 established the constitutions of the Discalced Carmelites and elected the first provincial of the Discalced Carmelites, Jerome Gratian . This office
527-809: The Carmelite hermits were forced by the Saracens to leave Mount Carmel and to settle in Europe. A combination of political and social conditions that prevailed in Europe in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries – the Hundred Years' War , Black Plague , the Reformation and the Humanist revival – adversely affected the Order. Many Carmelites and even whole communities succumbed to contemporary attitudes and conditions diametrically opposed to their original vocation. To meet this situation
558-711: The Christian terms monk , nun , friar , Brother , and Sister are sometimes easily blurred because some orders (such as the Dominicans or Augustinians) include nuns who are enclosed, who are usually grouped as the Second Order of that movement, and religious sisters. In the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church , once a person has made solemn, perpetual religious vows , the release from these monastic vows has to be approved by
589-448: The Cross , Père Jacques and the sixteen Martyrs of Compiegne . Fraternity, service, and contemplation are essential values for all Carmelites. When the Carmelites were forced to leave Mount Carmel, they changed their practice from being hermits to friars. The major difference is that friars are called to serve the People of God in some active apostolate. Some congregations were founded for
620-508: The Holy Land. There, in the 13th century, a band of European men gathered together to live a simple life of prayer. Their first chapel was dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and they called themselves the Brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel. The Muhraka monastery on the top of Mount Carmel near Haifa in Israel is a historic Carmelite monastery. The monastery stands on the place where
651-1083: The Sacred College of Cardinals (1896–1897) [REDACTED] Apostolic Internuncio of Brazil (1892–1895) [REDACTED] Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals (1743–1759) [REDACTED] Cardinal Vice-Dean of Sacred College of Cardinals (1756–1759) [REDACTED] Cardinal-Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina (1756–1759) [REDACTED] Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati (1750–1756) [REDACTED] Cardinal-Priest of San Martino ai Monti (1731–1750) [REDACTED] Bishop of Arezzo (1896–1897) [REDACTED] Apostolic Administrator sede plena of Cochin (2008–2009) [REDACTED] Auxiliary Bishop of Porto Alegre (1971–2001) [REDACTED] Auxiliary Bishop of Santa Maria (1969–1971) [REDACTED] Vicar Apostolic of Beirut (1974–1999) Enclosed religious orders Enclosed religious orders are religious orders whose members strictly separate themselves from
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#1733093284462682-559: The affairs of the external world. The term cloistered is synonymous with enclosed . In the Catholic Church , enclosure is regulated by the code of canon law , either the Latin code or the Oriental code , and also by the constitutions of the specific order. It is practised with a variety of customs according to the nature and charism of the community in question. This separation may involve physical barriers such as walls and grilles (that is,
713-508: The annex Casa dos Brasões (House of the Coat-of-Arms). The inner rooms are richly decorated with Neo-Manueline portals and stucco work imitating Manueline rib vaulting , being also an important showcase of Portuguese painting and sculpture of the early 20th century. The inner walls are also decorated with tile ( azulejo ) panels by Jorge Colaço . These panels depict scenes taken from Portuguese literature as well as historical events like
744-637: The charism is given for the whole world. Therefore, there is an emphasis in the order on the ministry of teaching prayer and giving spiritual direction. For a Carmelite, prayer is guided by the teachings and experience of Teresa of Ávila and John of the Cross, as well as the saints who have followed in their steps, such as Thérèse of the Child Jesus and of the Holy Face , Elizabeth of the Trinity , Teresa of Jesus of Los Andes , and martyrs such as Teresa Benedicta of
775-890: The enclosure temporarily or permanently. Enclosed religious orders of men include monks following the Rule of Saint Benedict , namely the Benedictine , the Cistercian , and the Trappist orders, but also monks of the Carthusians , Hieronymites , along with the male and female members of the Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno , while enclosed religious orders of women include Canonesses Regular , nuns belonging to
806-465: The prophet Elijah is said to have lived and fought the prophets of Baal. The first Carmelites were pilgrims to Mount Carmel who settled there in solitude. These early hermits were mostly laity, who lived a life of poverty, penance and prayer. Between 1206 and 1214, Albert Avogadro , the Patriarch of Jerusalem, brought the hermits on Mount Carmel together into community. At their request he wrote them
837-426: The rule was "mitigated" several times. Consequently, the Carmelites bore less and less resemblance to the first hermits of Mount Carmel . Teresa of Avila considered the surest way to prayer to be a return to Carmel's authentic vocation. A group of nuns assembled in her cell one September evening in 1560, taking their inspiration from the primitive tradition of Carmel and the discalced reform of Peter of Alcantara ,
868-616: The term friar more properly refers to mendicants active in the world (like Franciscans , Dominicans and Augustinians), though not all monasteries require strict enclosure. Benedictine monks , for instance, have often staffed parishes and been allowed to leave monastery confines. Although the English word nun is often used to describe all Christian women who have joined religious institutes , strictly speaking, women are referred to as nuns only when they live in papal enclosure; otherwise, they are religious sisters . The distinctions between
899-504: Was John of the Cross , who with Anthony of Jesus founded the first convent of Discalced Carmelite friars in Duruelo , Spain on 28 November 1568. The Discalced Carmelites were established as a separate province of the Carmelite Order by the decree Pia consideratione of Pope Gregory XIII on 22 June 1580. By this decree the Discalced Carmelites were still subject to the Prior General of
930-408: Was founded. Teresa's rule, which retained a distinctively Marian character, contained exacting prescriptions for a life of continual prayer, safeguarded by strict enclosure and sustained by the asceticism of solitude, manual labor, perpetual abstinence, fasting, and fraternal charity. In addition to this, Teresa envisioned an order fully dedicated to poverty. Working in close collaboration with Teresa
961-411: Was later translated into that of Superior General of the Discalced Carmelites. The heart of the Carmelite charism is prayer and contemplation. The quality of prayer determines the quality of the community life and the quality of the service which is offered to others. Prayer and contemplation for the Carmelite are not private matters between the individual and God but are to be shared with others since