86-587: The city of Buzău (formerly spelled Buzeu or Buzĕu ; Romanian pronunciation: [buˈzəw] ) is the county seat of Buzău County , Romania, in the historical region of Muntenia . It lies near the right bank of the Buzău River , between the south-eastern curvature of the Carpathian Mountains and the lowlands of Bărăgan Plain . Buzău is a railway hub in south-eastern Romania, where railways that link Bucharest to Moldavia and Transylvania to
172-459: A 2016 survey of the World Bank, made it more attractive to the labor force of lower qualification (at best with a high school degree). The same survey showed that most of the labor force in the city came from within the county, as Buzău is the center of a highly rural, compact and densely populated area. The city was found to be in competition with larger cities for the labor force from other counties,
258-739: A conductor with many American orchestras and, in 1936, was one of the candidates considered to replace Arturo Toscanini as permanent conductor of the New York Philharmonic. In 1932, Enescu was elected a titular member of the Romanian Academy . In 1935, he conducted the Orchestre Symphonique de Paris and Yehudi Menuhin (who had been his pupil for several years starting in 1927) in Mozart's Violin Concerto No. 3 in G major. He also conducted
344-461: A cultural centre be built there. In Moinești itself there is a street named after the composer, as well as a middle school. In addition the renamed George Enescu International Airport at Bacău is some twenty miles away. Then in 2014 the home of Enescu's maternal grandfather in Mihăileni, Botoșani , where the composer spent part of his childhood, was rescued from an advanced state of dilapidation by
430-644: A document written in Greek and dated 376 AD, recounting the martyrdom of Sabbas the Goth . Historian Vasile Pârvan thought that this name is a Greek misspelling of the Thracian word Bouzeos (by losing a π from the Μπ group, which is pronounced like a Latin B ). He suggested that the name comes from the Thracian root Buzes , with the addition of the -eu suffix, a form of the Greek-Latin suffix -aios . The written history of
516-475: A feature it shares with Alexandria . The proximity of Bucharest makes Buzău itself a source of internal migration, thus orbiting the capital city. Buzău is the second city (closely after Ploiești , a city with almost double the population), by the number of employees in Bucharest coming from other cities between 1991 and 2011; the survey points out that this has been a disadvantage, but might become an opportunity in
602-462: A flat area, with a height difference of just 10 meters along a 4-kilometer line. Buzău river is the northern limit of the city. This river has created an underground basin that it permanently fuels with water. These underground waters are a main source of drinking water, and their excess overflows to a marshy wetland south of the city, in the neighboring communes Costești , Stâlpu , and Țintești , with small but steady springs , that ultimately form
688-536: A generic term for South-Slavs. The new immigrants soon started developing vegetable gardens as their houses were in the vicinity of the river that provided them with plenty of water, while local farmers were focusing more on raising livestock and growing cereals. Although the Bulgarian community was in time assimilated by the Romanians, to this day locals use the word "Serb" as a synonym to "one who grows vegetables". Buzău
774-547: A large estate and a mansion near the city, became prominent. Germanofile, Marghiloman was prime minister around the end of World War I , when Romania was compelled to sign the Treaty of Bucharest of 1918 and began the process of integrating Bessarabia , which had proclaimed its union with Romania in mid-April of that year. Another known contemporary politician from Buzău is Cătălin Predoiu ; initially, an independent Minister of Justice in
860-538: A number of other secondary schools, in addition to elementary schools. The Vasile Voiculescu County Library and Buzău County Museum are based in the city. The latter also manages an ethnography exhibit in the city, as well as the Vasile Voiculescu memorial house in Pârscov and the amber exhibit at Colți . The city is named after the nearby river . In turn, the river is mentioned under the name Μουσεος ( Mouseos ) in
946-479: A piano trio, two string quartets and two piano quartets, a wind decet (French, "dixtuor"), an octet for strings , a piano quintet, and a chamber symphony for twelve solo instruments). A young Ravi Shankar recalled in the 1960s how Enescu, who had developed a deep interest in Oriental music, rehearsed with Shankar's brother Uday Shankar and his musicians. Around the same time, Enescu took the young Yehudi Menuhin to
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#17330848536591032-775: A population of 432,054 and the population density was 70.7/km . This county has a total area of 6,103 km . In the North Side there are the mountains from the southern end of the Eastern Carpathians group – the Vrancea Mountains and the Buzău Mountains with heights over 1,700 m. The heights decrease in the South and East passing through the subcarpathian hills to the Bărăgan Plain at about 80 m. The main river crossing
1118-459: A remainder of the ancient Codrii Vlăsiei . The Crâng park itself takes up 10 hectares of this forest and makes up the main green area of Buzău. It is not designated as a protected area itself, but a few species of plants are protected inside it, such as the fritillaria meleagris and iris brandzae . In the neighboring communes of Țintești and Costești there are other remainders of Codrii Vlăsiei— Frasinu and Spătaru forests, respectively. In
1204-460: A road along which it helps connect Buzău to Slobozia . In the Buzău city area, the only functional road bridge over Buzău River is the one crossing with DN2 to Mărăcineni . There is another road bridge, connecting the city to Vadu Pașii , near the railway bridge. It was however closed after it was destroyed by a flash flood in 2005, and repairs kept being postponed, which had an impact on the economy of
1290-550: A starch factory in Țăndărei and a juice facility in Vaslui . Milling is still present on the local market: the largest local producer is Boromir Prod , controlled by businessman Constantin Boromiz, owner of the Boromir group, who also owns Boromir Ind Vâlcea, Panmed Mediaș and Comcereal Sibiu . The economy is still more oriented towards industry rather than services, which, according to
1376-520: A strategical document of the mayor's office, the following districts of Buzău were identified: Center, Micro 12/Indepenedenței, Marghiloman, Dorobanți, Nicolae Bălcescu, Simileasca, Micro 14, Poștă, Mihai Viteazul, Pod Horticolei, Luceafărul, Broșteni and the Industrial Zone. Buzău takes on the administrative role of capital of Buzău County , therefore almost all county-level public services are headquartered there. Additionally, at national level, Buzău
1462-539: A year (16 with temperatures below −10 °C), but also with 92 days of hot summer. and 25.8 days with snow depth over 1 cm (0.39 in). Local winds include the Crivăț , a cold north-easterly and sometimes easterly wind in winter, and the Austru , a south-westerly wind that brings dry air in summer and leads to warmer days in winter. The flora of Buzău is more diverse in the western forest of Crâng, 189 ha of oak forest,
1548-555: Is administered by a mayor and a local council consisting of 23 councillors. The mayor, Constantin Toma, of the Social Democratic Party (PSD), has been in office since 2016. After the 2020 local elections , the local council has the following political makeup: Buzău is not subdivided into any lower units, but local authorities guide their projects and strategies according to an informal division by districts. In Strategia 2014–2020 ,
1634-408: Is entirely placed on the right bank of Buzău river , which forms its northern limit. The shape of the city is oblong, longer along the river and shorter across. It reaches altitudes of 101 meters in the north-west, near the foothills, going down to 88 meters on the riverbank, while the average altitude of 95 meters is the same as the altitude of Dacia square, in the city center. Thus, Buzău is placed in
1720-476: Is inscribed "opus for piano and violin by George Enescu, Romanian composer, aged five years and a quarter". Shortly thereafter, his father presented him to the professor and composer Eduard Caudella . On 5 October 1888, at the age of seven, he became the youngest student ever admitted to the Vienna Conservatory , where he studied with Joseph Hellmesberger Jr. , Robert Fuchs , and Sigismund Bachrich . He
1806-544: Is the headquarters of the 2nd Infantry Division ( Getica ; former 2nd Romanian Army), one of the three divisions that make up the Romanian Land Forces , as well as three battalions under its command— one of engineers, one of signals, and one of logistics. Near the city, in the village of Boboc , there is a military aviation school. The highest court functioning in the city is the Buzău Tribunal, with authority over
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#17330848536591892-572: Is unknown for 6.69% of the population. Most inhabitants practice Orthodox Christianity (91.98%). Religious affiliation is unknown for 6.75% of the population. The main ethnic minority in the city are the Roma . Throughout history, other communities have existed in Buzău, but nowadays they are nearly extinct. Those that left their mark the most on the city were the Jewish people and the Bulgarians . Settled after
1978-824: The Colonial Exhibition in Paris , where he introduced him to the Gamelan Orchestra from Indonesia . On 8 January 1923 he made his American debut as a conductor in a concert given by the Philadelphia Orchestra at Carnegie Hall in New York City, and subsequently visited the United States many times. It was in America, in the 1920s, that Enescu was first persuaded to make recordings as a violinist. He also appeared as
2064-527: The Conservatoire de Paris . In a letter from André Gédalge to Lucien Rebatet , dated 16 October 1923, Gédalge said that Enescu was "the only one [among his students] who truly had ideas and spirit" (fr: le seul qui ait vraiment des idées et du souffle) . On 6 February 1898, at the age of 16, Enescu presented in Paris his first mature work, Poema Română , played by the Colonne Orchestra , then one of
2150-468: The Călmățui river . Annual rainfall is circa 500 mm and in winter the snow cover can be as high as 30 cm. The Buzău River has a fluctuating flow. Especially in spring, when it collects melted snow from the mountain area, its level rises. The city was, however, built away from its deep and wide valley, so the river never floods the city. Even at the major floods of 2005, the waters caused no problem in
2236-921: The New York Philharmonic between 1937 and 1938. In 1939, he married Maria Tescanu Rosetti (known as Princess Maruca Cantacuzino through her first husband Mihail Cantacuzino), a good friend of Queen Marie of Romania. He was also renowned as a violin teacher. He began teaching at the Mannes School of Music in 1948. His students included Yehudi Menuhin , Christian Ferras , Ivry Gitlis , Arthur Grumiaux , Serge Blanc , Ida Haendel , Uto Ughi , and Joan Field . (See: List of music students by teacher: C to F#George Enescu .) He promoted contemporary Romanian music, playing works of Constantin Silvestri , Mihail Jora , Ionel Perlea and Marțian Negrea. Enescu considered Bach's Sonatas and Partitas for solo violin as
2322-523: The World Bank . Apcarom S.A. , the only Romanian producer of railway equipments, was acquired by the Austrian company VAE, and in 2008 had a capital of 7.38 million lei. Ductil S.A. , one of the largest companies in the city, was privatised in 1999 and divided subsequently, during 1999–2000 by the new majority shareholder, FRO Spa, who only kept the electrodes and welding equipment facilities, and sold out
2408-575: The "Greeks' church" or the "Merchants' church") along with its belfry; the courthouse (20th century); the church of the Annunciation from the former Banu monastery (16th century); the church of the Dormition in Broșteni district, (1709, along with the belfry erected in 1914); the headquarters of the orthodox bishopric with the church of the Dormition (1649), the chapel (1841), the episcopal palace (17th century),
2494-610: The "Himalayas of violinists". An annotated version of this work brings together the indications of Enescu regarding sonority, phrasing, tempos, musicality, fingering and expression. Enescu died on 4 May 1955. On his death, he was interred in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. Pablo Casals described Enescu as "the greatest musical phenomenon since Mozart" and "one of the greatest geniuses of modern music ". Queen Marie of Romania wrote in her memoirs that "in George Enescu
2580-512: The 16th century by the Orthodox bishopric on its estate located north-west of the market town of Buzău, in Simileasca and Iorguleasca villages, Roma people have lived as slaves who worked on the bishopric's land. After they were freed in the 19th century and, with the union between Wallachia and Moldavia, the new country got a new territorial division, Simileasca became a commune. In 1968, this commune
2666-650: The 1930s, Enescu lived in the Cantacuzino Palace on Calea Victoriei and married its then owner, Maruca Cantacuzino, in 1939. After the Communist takeover, the couple occupied a part of it briefly before moving to Paris in 1947. Following Enescu's death in 1955, Maruca donated the palace to the Romanian state in order to organize a museum [1] in memory of the musician. Likewise, the Symphony Orchestra of Bucharest and
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2752-587: The B. P. Hasdeu high school in 1867, and theatre plays were produced (starting 1852): the "Moldavia" theatre house was built in 1898 and used throughout the first half of the 20th century as the main concert and theatre hall, where artists such as George Enescu , C. I. Nottara and Nicolae Leonard performed. For short periods of time, Ion Luca Caragiale and Constantin Brâncuși have lived and worked here. During World War I , Buzău came under German occupation after mid-December 1916, and many inhabitants took refuge in
2838-596: The Black Sea coast meet. DN2 , a segment of European route E85 crosses the city. Buzău's proximity to trade routes helped it develop its role as a commerce hub in older days, and as an industrial centre during the 20th century. During the Middle Ages, Buzău was a market town and Eastern Orthodox episcopal see in Wallachia . It faced a period of repeated destruction during the 17th and 18th centuries, nowadays symbolized on
2924-403: The Bulgarian gardeners to rent in 1897 și 1898 some land acquired by the state from the bishopric. The developed a distribution network for their produce both in Buzău, and in other nearby cities such as Brașov , Ploiești , or Râmnicu Sărat . Their activity became even more lucrative after the land reform of 1921. After the period of repeated invasions and destruction ended in the 19th century,
3010-453: The Communist government, who also began a program of forced industrialization, even though some of the industries that were being developed were unfit to the region. In 1965, the 318 ha Buzău South industrial platform began to be built around the old location of the Saturn refinery, blown up during the war. It was the location of the city's most important factories that were developed at the time:
3096-604: The George Enescu Festival—initiated by the musicologist Andrei Tudor [2] and supported by his friend, musical advocate, and sometime collaborator, the conductor George Georgescu—are named and held in his honor, and the composer's childhood home in Liveni was inaugurated as a memorial museum in 1958. Earlier still, in 1947, his wife Maruca donated to the state the mansion near Moinești where Enescu had lived and where he completed his opera Oedipe , provided that
3182-565: The Holocaust , before they were deported to Transnistria . During these persecutions, the Jewish community was defended by captains Stroie and Ionescu, by the Scânteie and Stahu families, and by Anghel Anuțoiu from Vrancea, a man who informed members of the community of upcoming Nazi raids, saving many lives, including that of Rabbi Simon Bercovich, whom he aided to leave the city and go into hiding. After
3268-628: The Middle Ages, Buzău's economy was based on trade, as the market town began as a customs and exchange point, and developed due to its position at the curvature of the Carpathians, in a place where roads that connected Wallachia to Moldavia and Transylvania met. The old market town tradition is still preserved in the Drăgaica fair, held every June around Midsummer , bringing together small producers and merchants from diverse regions of Romania. The agricultural reform during Alexandru Ioan Cuza led some of
3354-698: The Steel Wire and Steel Wire Products Enterprise (after 1990, Ductil ), the Railway Machinery Enterprise (after 1990, Apcarom ), Metalurgica (the one founded in 1928), the Glass and Windows Factory (after 1991, Gerom S.A. ). Other facilities were located in other parts of the city, such as the Contactors Enterprise, in the north-east, and the Plastic Works (after 1990, Romcarbon S.A. ) in
3440-573: The brunt of the repression by Antonescu's government . Still, during World War II , the Jews had to endure some persecutions: obligated to do compulsory work (authorities abused of the law, and extended the age of the people who had to do this work, as well as the body of the work itself), and to pay 15 million lei (four times the tax) for "The Reunification Loan"; certain types of objects were confiscated from them and special restrictions were imposed. The community had to host orphans whose parents were murdered in
3526-525: The city begins with that of Wallachia . It was certified as a market town and customs point during the reign of Dan II . Archeological sites belonging to Gumelnița and Monteoru cultures prove the presence of human inhabitants before the Christian era. During the Middle Ages, there was also a fortress of Buzău, but only a few passing mentions in foreign documents are kept. The market that was already flourishing in 1431, has also become an Orthodox episcopal see in
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3612-647: The city proper, but it seriously damaged both bridges across it located in the city, which is also protected by levees, and by the small Cândești dam, north-west of Buzău. The local authorities consider, however, that their strategy of defense against flood does not adequately cover the city's belt road, part of DN2 , which follows the river for a short stretch. The climate is humid continental , classified as Dfa in Köppen climate classification and as Dc in Trewartha climate classification , with an average 92 freezing days
3698-524: The city seal by the Phoenix bird . In the 19th century, after the end of that era, the city began to recover. The economy underwent industrialization, Buzău became a railway hub, and public education became available. At this time, the Communal Palace, the city's landmark building, and Crâng Park, the main recreational area, were built. The communist regime after World War II brought forced industrialization and
3784-429: The city's Research and Development Station for Olericulture sometimes attract wild boars from the riverside forests. Ethnic composition of Buzău Religious composition of Buzău According to the 2011 census , the city has 115,494 inhabitants, a decrease from the previous census, in 2002, when 134,227 had been recorded. Most inhabitants are Romanians (88.43%), with a Roma minority (4.73%). Ethnic affiliation
3870-475: The city, which led early 18th century local authorities to use the Phoenix bird on the city seal, as a symbol of rebirth. The 19th century brought a time of cultural and economical development. The Communal Palace , the city's main landmark, was built at the time, after the city developed its industry and became a railway hub in the 1870s. Schools were open, such as the Theological Seminary în 1836, and
3956-536: The commune of Țintești . On 26 September 2021, a referendum was done to decide this, but as only 10.03% of the population of Buzău voted, which is below the legal threshold requiring a voter turnout of 30%, the results were considered null and Țintești and Buzău were left separate. Eight historical monuments classified as having national importance exist in Buzău: the church of the Birth of Christ (1649, also known colloquially as
4042-528: The company that operated it had around 100 employees. Another business started at this time was Metalurgica și Turnătorie – S.A. (Metallurgy and Foundry), founded in 1928 with a capital of over 9 million lei. Although it had an initially difficult period, as it was closed during the Great Depression , it was reopened in 1933, only to be closed again in 1940 and 1944, during World War II. After World War II , on 11 June 1948 all factories were requisitioned by
4128-540: The countries of Northern Europe. The municipality also runs programs to improve theirs status, and School no. 14, located in Simileasca, is the main focus of these actions. Pupils of this school publish a bilingual school newspaper, in Romani and Romanian , which promotes Roma integration into society. Although mentioned in documents as early as the 16th century, the Jews of Buzău became an especially important community starting with
4214-537: The county is the Buzău River which collects many small rivers from the mountains and flows to the East into the Siret River . The predominant industries in the county are: The hilly area is well-suited for wines and fruit orchards. Salt and oil are the main resources extracted in the county. The main tourist destinations are: The Buzău County Council, renewed at the 2020 local elections , consists of 32 counsellors, with
4300-421: The county was initially divided into four districts: Subsequently, the territory of the county was reorganized into seven districts, by abolishing Plasa Câmpul and establishing four new districts: According to the 1930 census data, the county population was 309,405 inhabitants, ethnically divided as follows: 97.4% Romanians, 1.5% Romanies, 0.5% Jews, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view,
4386-504: The cultural and economical development period of the 19th century. A large proportion of them were merchants and craftsmen. The Jewish cemetery appeared in 1853 and a temple dates from 1885. Between the two World Wars, 10% of the population of Buzău was Jewish, a large percentage compared to other cities in Wallachia, but significantly smaller than those in Moldavia, which saved the community from
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#17330848536594472-511: The director of the Vienna Conservatory, hosted Enescu at his home, where the child prodigy met his idol, Johannes Brahms . He graduated at the age of 12, earning the silver medal. In his Viennese concerts young Enescu played works by Brahms , Sarasate and Mendelssohn . In 1895, he went to Paris to continue his studies. He studied violin with Martin Pierre Marsick , harmony with André Gedalge , and composition with Jules Massenet and Gabriel Fauré . Enescu then studied from 1895 to 1899 at
4558-430: The early 16th century. In the 17th century, an era of war and foreign invasions began, that affected the town and its surroundings. They began with Michael the Brave 's participation in the Long Turkish War and ended with the Wallachian uprising of 1821 . Natural disasters (epidemics, earthquakes) also took their toll, leading to destruction and depopulation of Buzău. However, the inhabitants always returned and rebuilt
4644-417: The economy began to industrialize as well. Towards the end of that century, the development of a Romanian railway network made Buzău one of its important hubs and pushed the small craftsmen's shops to evolve into industrial installations. The first such facility was the Garoflid mill , open in 1883, that worked also as a cloth factory. În 1894, an oil refinery of the Saturn society was built; this refinery
4730-424: The entire county. The jurisdiction of the Tribunal covers all the four local courts ( judecătorii ) in the county, of which Buzău Local Court is in the city and takes cases related to Buzău and 34 surrounding communes, the largest jurisdiction of the four. The higher court to all these is the Court of Appeals in Ploiești. In the Romanian Parliament, Buzău elects deputies on the lists associated with Buzău County . Of
4816-421: The following party composition: Buzău County has 2 municipalities, 3 towns and 82 communes. Historically, the county was located in the central-southern part of Greater Romania , in the northeastern part of the historical region of Muntenia . Its territory included the southern and western parts of today's Buzău County and several localities that are today in Prahova County , including the town of Mizil . It
4902-458: The future. Buzău is one of the main hubs of Romanian Railways , as it connects Bucharest and Ploiești with Focșani , Galați and Constanța . The city railway station was open in 1872, along with the Bucharest-Galați railway. A branch of this railway, from Buzău to Mărășești was opened a few years later, on 13 June 1881 , and it was the first railway designed by Romanian engineers. The Buzău-Nehoiașu line, open in 1908, connects Buzău to
4988-417: The government of Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu , Predoiu became a member of the National Liberal Party (PNL), after which he quit in 2008 to continue as minister, and in 2013 has attempted to obtain the presidential nomination of the Democratic Liberal Party (PDL) for the next year's election; eventually, that party merged with the PNL, who nominated Klaus Iohannis, and Predoiu became shadow prime-minister. During
5074-498: The greatest pianists of all time, once said that Enescu, though primarily a violinist, had better piano technique than his own. Enescu's only opera, Œdipe ( Oedipe ), was staged for the first time at the Royal Opera House in London in 2016, 80 years after its Paris premiere, in a production directed and designed by La Fura dels Baus which received superlative reviews in The Guardian , The Independent , The Times and other publications. An analysis of Enescu's work and
5160-450: The largest Buzău-based company is Romet, a holding company made up of multiple firms that produse isolation materials for water and gas pipes, water filters, fire extinguishers and other related products. It was successful in the 1990s, with the Aquator home water purifier. In 1999, it also acquired Aromet S.A. , the company that operated the 1928 Metalurgica factory. Other Buzău-based companies were privatised by programs supervised by
5246-413: The most present small mammals are the wild polecat and the brown rat . Lakes are populated with small fish, such as bitterlings and eel , as well as snails and green lizards . During the migration season, a parliament of short-eared owls has made a habit of spending a few days in some tall fir trees located in the yard of the Forestry Inspector's Office in the city center. Experimental crops from
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#17330848536595332-456: The most prestigious in the world, and conducted by Édouard Colonne . Many of Enescu's works were influenced by Romanian folk music, his most popular compositions being the two Romanian Rhapsodies (1901–02), the opera Œdipe (1936), and the suites for orchestra. He also wrote five mature symphonies (two of them unfinished), a symphonic poem Vox maris , and much chamber music (three sonatas for violin and piano, two for cello and piano,
5418-543: The nearby villages or in Western Moldavia . The city resumed its development after the war. The interbellum brought about the first sport matches (association football and boxing) and the "Metalurgica" factory, a private business that was to be later confiscated by the communists, and continues to this day as part of a joined venture. After World War II , the industrialization of Buzău was forcefully accelerated, and its population tripled in less than 50 years; new inhabitants were brought to work in newly built factories mainly in
5504-442: The neighboring communes in the north-east of the city, as it remains used only by pedestrians and cyclists. Works began in the fall of 2017. The bridge was renovated and opened for cars and buses again in 2021. Buz%C4%83u County Buzău County ( Romanian pronunciation: [buˈzəw] ) is a county ( județ ) of Romania , in the historical region Muntenia , with the capital city at Buzău . In 2011, it had
5590-456: The north of the city, DN10 also branches from DN2. It crosses the Carpathians at their south-eastern curvature through Buzău Pass towards Brașov . The south of Buzău is also crossed by national road DN2B, which branches from DN2 în the neighboring commune of Costești, leading eastward to Galați and Brăila . In Buzău, county road DJ203D branches from DN2B. It leads south to Țintești and Smeeni , where it ends in DN2C [ ro ] ,
5676-452: The north. Despite the forced industrialization, Buzău was spared from becoming dependent on a single industry, and there was no single point of failure for the city's economy. According to the new law of commerce of 1990, that came after the fall of Communism , these factories were organised as state-owned companies, and were privatised. Most of them survived the transition to a market economy , as many of them thus became viable. Currently,
5762-462: The old seminary (1838), the chancellery (19th century), gate belfry and the compound wall (18th century); the Vergu-Mănăilă mansion (18th century, which currently hosts the ethnography exhibit of the County Museum); Vasile Voiculescu County Library (1914); and the Communal Palace (city hall, 1899–1903). One public forum monument and twelve memorial monuments are included in the list of historical monuments in Buzău County with local importance, including
5848-433: The others. The steel wire, welded metal net, concrete and iron works became Ductil Steel S.A. and passed to the Italian company Sidersipe. The iron powder works became Ductil Iron Powder . In 2007, FRO Spa sold Ductil S.A. to the Russian company Mechel , for 90 million euro. Zahărul S.A. , the town's sugar producer, was acquired by Agrana România , an Austrian-based group that also owned other sugar factories in Roman ,
5934-622: The population was 98.9% Eastern Orthodox, 0.5% Jewish, as well as other minorities. In 1930, the county's urban population was 42,127 inhabitants, comprising 91.2% Romanians, 3.7% Jews, 2.3% Romanies, 0.9% Hungarians, as well as other minorities. From the religious point of view, the urban population was composed of 93.3% Eastern Orthodox, 3.9% Jewish, 1.0% Roman Catholic, as well as other minorities. George Enescu George Enescu ( Romanian pronunciation: [ˈdʒe̯ordʒe eˈnesku] ; 19 August [ O.S. 7 August] 1881 – 4 May 1955), known in France as Georges Enesco ,
6020-451: The reasons why it is less known in the UK was published by musician Dominic Saunders in The Guardian . Enescu founded the Enescu Prize in composition, which was awarded from 1913 to 1946, and afterwards by the National University of Music Bucharest . Eugène Ysaÿe 's Violin Sonata No. 3 in D minor, subtitled "Ballade" (composed in 1923), was dedicated as an act of homage to fellow-violinist Enescu. While staying in Bucharest during
6106-420: The seven deputies elected in 2016 on these lists, six ( social democrats Marcel Ciolacu , Ionela Viorela Dobrică , Sorin Lazăr , Dănuț Păle , Nicolaie-Sebastian-Valentin Radu ; and Adrian Mocanu from the People's Movement Party ) have their office in Buzău, while only the liberal Cristinel Romanescu has his in Râmnicu Sărat . In the late 19th century, local statesman Alexandru Marghiloman , owner of
6192-424: The smaller towns and villages along the Buzău River valley, including Nehoiu and Pătârlagele . Buzău is crossed by national road DN2 (part of European route E85 ), which connects the city to Bucharest to the south and to Râmnicu Sărat and the main cities of Western Moldavia to the north. National road DN1B (European Route E577) branches out of DN2 in Buzău. This road connects the city to Ploiești . In
6278-543: The south of the city. Buzău has profoundly changed its appearance, working class quarters being built instead of the old commercial streets, some historical buildings, such as the Moldavia Theatre, were demolished. Their cultural role was taken over by the Labor Unions' Cultural Center and then by "Dacia" Cinema. In 2021, there was a project, known as "Buzău Mare 2021" ("Greater Buzău 2021"), that aimed to unite Buzău with
6364-490: The statue "Prayer" by Constantin Brâncuși (nowadays replaced by a replica). The city is located in the center of the county, 100 km north-east of Bucharest , in the south-east of Romania, taking up a total area of 81.3 km (31.4 sq mi), at the outermost curvature of the Subcarpathian foothills, at the crossroads of the three main Romanian historical provinces: Wallachia , Transylvania , and Moldavia . It
6450-407: The streets in Buzău have trees planted alongside, chestnut on Nicolae Bălcescu boulevard and linden on Unirii boulevard. In their gardens, the locals grow roses , hyacinths , tulips , local peonies , and petunia , as well as grapevines and Virginia creepers for shade. The wild fauna in Buzău is made up of city-dwelling species. The house sparrow and the collared dove are ubiquitous, and
6536-429: The tripling of the city's population. Some of the factories open at the time are still functioning within the framework of market economy. There are no universities based in Buzău, and only a few universities from other cities have remote learning facilities here. The main educational institutions here are B.P. Hasdeu high-school (where Nobel laureate George Emil Palade studied) and Mihai Eminescu high-school. The city has
6622-512: The urban area of Cuza Vodă street (19th century) in the old town, Crâng park , the Albatros Villa (that used to belong to Alexandru Marghiloman ) and the park, the Jewish temple, the buildings of B.P. Hasdeu and Mihai Eminescu high-schools, a house where Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu lived for a few years, and some of the tombs in Dumbrava cemetery, such as one that was originally decorated with
6708-544: The war, most Jews of the city moved to Israel, and left behind a Jewish community of only a few tens of people. Some of the personalities of the Jewish community in Buzău were painter Margareta Sterian and philosopher Ludwig Grunberg . In the 18th century, to avoid Ottoman repression against Christians in the Balkans, groups of Bulgarians settled in Wallachia where they enjoyed freedom to practice Christianity; some of these groups came to Buzău. The locals called them "Serbs" as
6794-594: The yard of the building at the intersection of Crizantemelor and Tudor Vladimirescu streets, across the street from the park in front of B. P. Hasdeu high school and the Banu church, there is a century-old oak , locally protected as a monument of nature. 6% of the Lunca Buzăului protected area, a Natura 2000 site managed by the Ecological University of Bucharest, lies within city limits, in the north and east. Most of
6880-554: Was a Romanian composer, violinist, pianist, conductor, and teacher and is regarded as one of the greatest musicians in Romanian history. Enescu was born in Romania, in the village of Liveni (later renamed "George Enescu" in his honor), then in Dorohoi County , today Botoșani County . His father was Costache Enescu, a landholder, and his mother was Maria Enescu (née Cosmovici), the daughter of an Orthodox priest. Their eighth child, he
6966-413: Was bordered on the west by Prahova County , to the north by the counties of Brașov , Trei Scaune , and Putna , to the east by the counties of Râmnicu Sărat and Brăila , and to the south by Ialomița County . The county has seen multiple subdivisions administratively. At the end of the 19th century, the county was subdivided into six districts ( plăși ): In the interwar period, the territory of
7052-433: Was born after all the previous siblings had died in infancy. His father later separated from Maria Enescu and had another son with Maria Ferdinand-Suschi: the painter Dumitru Bâșcu . A child prodigy , Enescu began experimenting with composing at an early age. Several, mostly very short, pieces survive, all for violin and piano. The earliest work of significant length bears the title Pămînt românesc ("Romanian Land"), and
7138-609: Was dissolved and integrated with Buzău. The Roma community is still located mostly in this part of the city, and it preserves its identity, although its leaders believe that Roma people in other parts of the city, who no longer speak their people's language, accept assimilation by the majority Romanians, and declare themselves Romanian at the census. The community is faced with endemic poverty, high illiteracy, lack of professional qualifications and high school dropout rates, which all expose it to permanently being manipulated by politicians for elections. Many Roma people went abroad, especially in
7224-530: Was real gold". Yehudi Menuhin, Enescu's most famous pupil, once said about his teacher: "He will remain for me the absoluteness through which I judge others", and "Enescu gave me the light that has guided my entire existence." He also considered Enescu "the most extraordinary human being, the greatest musician and the most formative influence" he had ever experienced. Vincent d'Indy claimed that if Beethoven 's works were destroyed, they could be all reconstructed from memory by George Enescu. Alfred Cortot , one of
7310-566: Was the second person ever to be admitted to the Vienna Conservatory by a dispensation of age, and was the first non-Austrian (in 1882, Fritz Kreisler had also been admitted at the age of seven; according to the rules, nobody younger than 14 years could study there). In 1891, the ten-year-old Enescu gave a private concert at the Court of Vienna , in the presence of Emperor Franz Joseph . Joseph Hellmesberger Sr. , one of his teachers and
7396-514: Was to function for 50 years. After a dramatic nationwide decrease caused by the First World War (the 1919 output was a quarter of the one in 1913), the industrial development picked up steam during the interbellum. One of the main components of the local industry was milling . The first industrial mill in the city, Garoflid , renamed Zangopol after its new owner, had reached a capital of 5 million lei in 1928 and, 30 de million in 1938, while
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