Burgruine Dietrichstein is a castle in Carinthia , Austria .
93-617: [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] 46°43′34″N 14°07′45″E / 46.7261111111°N 14.1291666667°E / 46.7261111111; 14.1291666667 This Carinthia location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a castle in Austria is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Carinthia Carinthia ( German : Kärnten [ˈkɛʁntn̩] ; Slovene : Koroška [kɔˈɾóːʃka] ; Italian : Carinzia [kaˈrintsja] )
186-486: A humid continental climate ( Köppen ), with hot and moderately wet summers and long harsh winters. In recent decades, winters have been exceptionally arid . The summer precipitation maxima often takes the form of heavy rain and thunderstorms , especially in the mountainous regions. The main Alpine ridge in the north is a meteorological divide with pronounced windward and leeward sides where foehn occurs regularly. Due to
279-460: A small minority in the area. Carinthia's main industries are tourism , electronics , engineering , forestry , and agriculture . The etymology of the name "Carinthia", similar to Carnia or Carniola , has not been conclusively established. The Ravenna Cosmography (about AD 700) referred to a Slavic "Carantani" tribe as the eastern neighbours of the Bavarians . In his History of
372-498: A "Provisional National Council for German-Austria ". Before the meeting, the delegates agreed that German-Austria should not include "Yugoslav areas of settlement", which referred to Lower Styria and the two Slovene-speaking Carinthian valleys south of the Karawanken range, Seeland (Slovenian: Jezersko) and Mießtal ( Meža Valley). On 12 Nov. 1918, when the Act concerning the foundation of
465-422: A convergent plate tectonic boundary in the gap between an active volcanic arc and the associated trench , thus above the subducting oceanic plate. The formation of a forearc basin is often created by the vertical growth of an accretionary wedge that acts as a linear dam, parallel to the volcanic arc, creating a depression in which sediments can accumulate. Trench basins are deep linear depressions formed where
558-509: A high probability of preservation. In contrast, sedimentary basins formed on oceanic crust are likely to be destroyed by subduction . Continental margins formed when new ocean basins like the Atlantic are created as continents rift apart are likely to have lifespans of hundreds of millions of years, but may be only partially preserved when those ocean basins close as continents collide. Sedimentary basins are of great economic importance. Almost all
651-445: A load is placed on the lithosphere, it will tend to flex in the manner of an elastic plate. The magnitude of the lithospheric flexure is a function of the imposed load and the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, and the wavelength of flexure is a function of flexural rigidity of the lithospheric plate. Flexural rigidity is in itself, a function of the lithospheric mineral composition, thermal regime, and effective elastic thickness of
744-415: A major tourist attraction. The capital city is Klagenfurt . The next important town is Villach , both strongly linked economically. Other major towns include Althofen , Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal , Bleiburg , Feldkirchen , Ferlach , Friesach , Gmünd , Hermagor , Radenthein , Sankt Andrä , Sankt Veit an der Glan , Spittal an der Drau , Straßburg , Völkermarkt , Wolfsberg . Carinthia has
837-606: A million, and their sedimentary fills range from one to almost twenty kilometers in thickness. A dozen or so common types of sedimentary basins are widely recognized and several classification schemes are proposed, however no single classification scheme is recognized as the standard. Most sedimentary basin classification schemes are based on one or more of these interrelated criteria: Although no one basin classification scheme has been widely adopted, several common types of sedimentary basins are widely accepted and well understood as distinct types. Over its complete lifespan
930-471: A north–south direction. With 9,536 km (3,682 sq mi), it is the fifth-largest Austrian state by area. Most of the larger Carinthian towns and lakes are situated within the Klagenfurt Basin in the southeast, an inner Alpine sedimentary basin covering about one-fifth of the area. These Lower Carinthian lands differ from the mountainous Upper Carinthian region in the northwest, stretching up to
1023-571: A pagan uprising in 772, the forces of Odilo's son Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria again subdued the Carantanian lands. In 788, Duke Tassilo III was finally deposed by the Frankish king Charlemagne , and his territories were incorporated into the Carolingian Empire . By the 843 Treaty of Verdun , the former Carantanian lands fell to the kingdom of East Francia ruled by Charlemagne's grandson Louis
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#17330847017771116-585: A permanent population, and intensive arable farming, as well as trading with salt and Mediterranean products, was common already during the periods of the Urnfield and Hallstatt culture . Hallstatt grave fields were discovered near Dellach (Gurina), Rosegg (Frög), and on the Gracarca mountain southeast of Lake Klopein . About 300 BC, several Illyrian and Celtic tribes joined in the Kingdom of Noricum , centered on
1209-760: A radical new beginning. Important sites were and are the Carinthian Art Association, the Hildebrand Gallery, the Nötscher-Kreis-Museum, and the Museum of Modern Art Carinthia, which opened in 2003. Two high-profile "art scandals" were the frescoes by Giselbert Hoke in Klagenfurt main station in 1950 and the redesign of the meeting room in the country house in 1998 by Anton Kolig's grandson, Cornelius Kolig. A fountain designed by Kiki Kogelnik stands near
1302-665: A result of isostasy . The long-term preserved geologic record of a sedimentary basin is a large scale contiguous three-dimensional package of sedimentary rocks created during a particular period of geologic time, a 'stratigraphic succession', that geologists continue to refer to as a sedimentary basin even if it is no longer a bathymetric or topographic depression. The Williston Basin , Molasse basin and Magallanes Basin are examples of sedimentary basins that are no longer depressions. Basins formed in different tectonic regimes vary in their preservation potential . Intracratonic basins, which form on highly-stable continental interiors, have
1395-650: A result of the closing of a major ocean through continental collision resulting from plate tectonics. As a result the sedimentary record of inactive passive margins often are found as thick sedimentary sequences in mountain belts. For example the passive margins of the ancient Tethys Ocean are found in the mountain belts of the Alps and Himalayas that formed when the Tethys closed. Many authors recognize two subtypes of foreland basins: Peripheral foreland basins Retroarc foreland basins A sedimentary basin formed in association with
1488-575: A single sedimentary basin can go through multiple phases and evolve from one of these types to another, such as a rift process going to completion to form a passive margin. In this case the sedimentary rocks of the rift basin phase are overlain by those rocks deposited during the passive margin phase. Hybrid basins where a single regional basin results from the processes that are characteristic of multiple of these types are also possible. Terrestrial rift valleys Proto-oceanic rift troughs Passive margins are long-lived and generally become inactive only as
1581-404: A subducting oceanic plate descends into the mantle, beneath the overriding continental (Andean type) or oceanic plate (Mariana type). Trenches form in the deep ocean but, particularly where the overriding plate is continental crust they can accumulate thick sequences of sediments from eroding coastal mountains. Smaller 'trench slope basins' can form in association with a trench can form directly atop
1674-708: A touristic infrastructure such as the Grossglockner High Alpine Road and Klagenfurt Airport as well as the opening up of the Alps through the Austrian Alpine Club in the 1920s. It was, however, hard hit by the Great Depression around 1930, which pushed the political system in Austria more and more towards extremism . This phenomenon culminated at first in the years of Austrofascism and then in 1938 in
1767-759: A traditional type of fair . The most famous is Villacher Kirchtag in Villach , which was first held in 1936 and is very popular among locals and tourists. The museums in Carinthia include the Carinthian State Museum with its locations in Klagenfurt, the Maria Saal open-air museum , the Magdalensberg Archaeological Park , and the Teurnia Roman Museum . One of the most important city museums
1860-479: Is Landeshauptmann ("State Captain"), his two deputies, and further four Landesräte ministers. The members of the cabinet used to form an all-party government elected under a system of proportional representation based on the number of representatives of the political parties in the Landtag in a system known as Proporz , however this system was abolished in Carinthia in 2017. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of
1953-427: Is a unicameral legislature . Its 36 members are elected from party lists according to the principle of proportional representation and serve five-year terms, with elections held every five years. Austrian nationals over the age of 16 residing in Carinthia are eligible to vote. The Landtag has a threshold of 5%. The most recent election, the 2023 Carinthian state election , was held on 5 March 2023. The SPÖ ,
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#17330847017772046-516: Is a piece of rubber, which thins in the middle when stretched.) An example of a basin caused by lithospheric stretching is the North Sea – also an important location for significant hydrocarbon reserves. Another such feature is the Basin and Range Province which covers most of Nevada, forming a series of horst and graben structures. Tectonic extension at divergent boundaries where continental rifting
2139-572: Is large enough and long-lived enough to create a sedimentary basin often called a pull-apart basin or strike-slip basin. These basins are often roughly rhombohedral in shape and may be called a rhombochasm . A classic rhombochasm is illustrated by the Dead Sea rift, where northward movement of the Arabian Plate relative to the Anatolian Plate has created a strike slip basin. The opposite effect
2232-540: Is occurring can create a nascent ocean basin leading to either an ocean or the failure of the rift zone . Another expression of lithospheric stretching results in the formation of ocean basins with central ridges. The Red Sea is in fact an incipient ocean, in a plate tectonic context. The mouth of the Red Sea is also a tectonic triple junction where the Indian Ocean Ridge, Red Sea Rift and East African Rift meet. This
2325-600: Is one of the most important literary awards in the German-speaking world. In the early 20th century, the Nötsch circle was active with the painters Sebastian Isepp, Franz Wiegele, Anton Kolig, and Anton Mahringer with its European orientation. The painter Herbert Boeckl was only loosely associated with the circle. An art-political controversy was the dispute over the Kolig frescoes in the Klagenfurt country house from 1931, which ended in
2418-458: Is particularly measurable and observable with oceanic crust, as there is a well-established correlation between the age of the underlying crust and depth of the ocean . As newly-formed oceanic crust cools over a period of tens of millions of years. This is an important contribution to subsidence in rift basins, backarc basins and passive margins where they are underlain by newly-formed oceanic crust. In strike-slip tectonic settings, deformation of
2511-535: Is that of transpression , where converging movement of a curved fault plane causes collision of the opposing sides of the fault. An example is the San Bernardino Mountains north of Los Angeles, which result from convergence along a curve in the San Andreas Fault system. The Northridge earthquake was caused by vertical movement along local thrust and reverse faults "bunching up" against the bend in
2604-568: Is the City Museum of Villach , which documents, among other things, the life story of its temporary citizen Paracelsus . Carinthia has produced several internationally renowned writers in recent decades. In the early 20th century, Robert Musil , Josef Friedrich Perkonig, Dolores Viesèr, and Gerhart Ellert gained some notoriety. After the Second World War, the poets Ingeborg Bachmann , Michael Guttenbrunner, and Christine Lavant first came to
2697-416: Is the only place on the planet where such a triple junction in oceanic crust is exposed subaerially . This is due to a high thermal buoyancy ( thermal subsidence ) of the junction, and also to a local crumpled zone of seafloor crust acting as a dam against the Red Sea. Lithospheric flexure is another geodynamic mechanism that can cause regional subsidence resulting in the creation of a sedimentary basin. If
2790-520: Is the southernmost and least densely populated Austrian state , in the Eastern Alps , and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The main language is German . Its regional dialects belong to the Southern Bavarian group. Carinthian Slovene dialects , forms of a South Slavic language that predominated in the southeastern part of the region up to the first half of the 20th century, are now spoken by
2883-466: Is thus an important area of study for purely scientific and academic reasons. There are however important economic incentives as well for understanding the processes of sedimentary basin formation and evolution because almost all of the world's fossil fuel reserves were formed in sedimentary basins. All of these perspectives on the history of a particular region are based on the study of a large three-dimensional body of sedimentary rocks that resulted from
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2976-746: The Adriatic Sea almost to the Danube . In 1040, the March of Carniola was separated from it, and c. 1180 Styria, the Carinthian March, became a duchy in its own right. After the death of Duke Henry VI of Gorizia-Tyrol in 1335, Carinthia passed to the Habsburg brothers Albrecht II. and Otto IV , and was ruled by this dynasty until 1918. After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, Carinthia
3069-567: The Alpine crest . The Carinthian lands are confined by mountain ranges: the Carnic Alps and the Karawanks form the border to Italy ( Friuli-Venezia Giulia ) and Slovenia ( Carinthia Statistical Region , Savinja Statistical Region and Upper Carniola Statistical Region ). The High Tauern mountain range with Mt Grossglockner , 3,797 m (12,457 ft), separates it from the state of Salzburg in
3162-632: The Carinthian Plebiscite was held in Zone ;A, with almost 60% of the population voting to remain in Austria, which means that about 40% of the Slovene-speaking population must have voted against a division of Carinthia. Given the close supervision of the referendum by foreign observers, as well as the Yugoslav occupation of the area until four weeks before the referendum, irregularities alleged by
3255-492: The Carinthian Slovenes , is concentrated in the southern and southeastern parts of the state. Its size cannot be determined precisely because the representatives of the ethnic group reject a count. Recommendations for a boycott of the 2001 census, which asked for the language used in everyday communication, reduced the count of Slovene speakers to 12,554 people, 2.38% of a total population of 527,333. Major sights include
3348-662: The Carnic Alps and allied with the Roman commander Stilicho , who as a result was deposed and executed for high treason (August 408). From 472 Ostrogoth and Alemannic forces campaigned in Noricum, which became a province of Odoacer 's Kingdom of Italy in 476 and of the Ostrogothic Kingdom from 493. On the death of King Theoderic the Great in 526, the Italian kingdom finally collapsed and
3441-520: The Earth's crust where subsidence has occurred and a thick sequence of sediments have accumulated to form a large three-dimensional body of sedimentary rock . They form when long-term subsidence creates a regional depression that provides accommodation space for accumulation of sediments. Over millions or tens or hundreds of millions of years the deposition of sediment , primarily gravity-driven transportation of water-borne eroded material, acts to fill
3534-694: The Paleolithic era. Archaeological findings of stone artifacts in a stalactite cave near Griffen are older than 30,000 years; larger settlements in the Lavanttal , Maria Saal and Villach regions are documented from about 3000 BC. Remains of a prehistoric stilt house settlement were discovered at Lake Keutschach , today part of the Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps World Heritage Site. Skeleton finds from about 2000 BC (near Friesach ) denote
3627-460: The annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany ( Anschluss ). At the same time the Nazi Party took power everywhere in Carinthia, which became, together with East Tyrol , a Reichsgau , and Nazi leaders such as Franz Kutschera , Hubert Klausner , and Friedrich Rainer held the office of Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter . During World War II , Slovene Partisan resistance was active in
3720-529: The Austrian average, where close to a quarter of the population has a migration background. The majority of Carinthia's population is today German-speaking. In the south of the province (mainly in the districts of Villach-Land Klagenfurt-Land and Völkermarkt ) live Carinthian Slovenes where they speak Slovene and are recognized as an autochthonous ethnic minority. The discussion about ethnic group rights (e.g. bilingual place-name signs) can be very emotional and
3813-688: The Carinthian printing and publishing company. Slovenian literature is primarily promoted by the Carinthian publishers Mohorjeva/Hermagoras, Drava, and the Wieser-Verlag founded by Lojze Wieser. The most important literary event in Carinthia is the Days of German-language Literature in Klagenfurt, during which the Ingeborg Bachmann Prize is awarded, which has been held annually since 1977 and particularly supports younger authors. The Ingeborg Bachmann Prize
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3906-659: The East Roman Byzantine empire under Justinian I temporarily conquered the Noricum region in the course of the Gothic War of 535 to 554. From 591 onwards, the Frankish king Theudebert I tried to break into the former Noricum region, and Bavarian settlers entered the area from the Puster Valley in the west. They were however repulsed by Slavic tribes, who, beset by Avar horsemen moved into present-day Carinthia from
3999-706: The Extent, the Borders and the Relations of the State Territories of 22 Nov. 1918 then clearly stated in article 1: "...the duchies of Styria and Carinthia with the exclusion of the homogenous Yugoslav areas of settlement". Apart from one Social-Democrat, Florian Gröger, all the other delegates from Carinthia—Hans Hofer, Jakob Lutschounig, Josef Nagele, Alois Pirker, Leopold Pongratz, Otto Steinwender, Viktor Waldner—were members of German national parties and organizations. After
4092-596: The German . The ritual of installation of the Carantanian dukes at the Prince's Stone near Karnburg in Slovenian was preserved until 1414, when Ernest the Iron was enthroned as Duke of Carinthia. The March of Carinthia arose in 889 from the territory bequeathed by Louis's son Carloman , king of Bavaria from 865 to 880, to his natural son Arnulf of Carinthia . Arnulf had already assumed
4185-452: The Karawanken main ridge as a natural border to keep the Klagenfurt basin intact but, in agreement with item no. 10 of Woodrow Wilson 's Fourteen Points , suggested a referendum in the disputed area. An armistice was agreed upon on 14 January and by 7 May 1919 the Yugoslav forces had left the state, but Slovene troops under Rudolf Maister returned to occupying Klagenfurt on 6 June. Upon
4278-540: The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ): These areas are today part of Slovene Carinthia . The Canale Valley ( German : Kanaltal , Italian : Val Canale ) as far south as Pontebba , at that time an ethnically mixed German–Slovene area, with the border town of Tarvisio ( German : Tarvis , Slovene : Trbiž ) and its holy place of pilgrimage of Maria Luschari ( Slovene : Svete Višarje ) (172 square miles or 445 km ),
4371-613: The Lombards , the 8th-century chronicler Paul the Deacon mentions "Slavs in Carnuntum , which is erroneously called Carantanum" ( Carnuntum, quod corrupte vocitant Carantanum ) for the year 663. "Carantani" may have been formed from a toponymic base carant- which ultimately derives from pre- Indo-European root * karra 'rock'. (cf. Friulian : carantàn ), or that it is of Celtic origin and derived from * karantos 'friend, ally'. Likewise,
4464-704: The Red Army in 1945. The Allied occupation was terminated in 1955 by the Austrian State Treaty , which restored Austria's sovereignty. The relations between the German- and the Slovene-speaking Carinthians remained somewhat problematic. Divergent views over the implementation of minority protection rights guaranteed by Article 7 of the Austrian State Treaty have created numerous tensions between
4557-1008: The Slovene name * korǫtanъ may have been adopted from the Latin * carantanum . The toponym Carinthia (Slovene: Koroška < Proto-Slavic *korǫt’ьsko ) is also claimed to be etymologically related, deriving from pre-Slavic * carantia . Carinthia is known as Koruška/ Корушка in Croatian and Serbian, Korutany in Czech, Kärnten in German, Karintia in Hungarian, Carinzia in Italian, Carintia in Spanish, Karyntia in Polish, Korutánsko in Slovak, and Koroška in Slovene. The state stretches about 180 km (110 mi) from east to west, and 70 km (43 mi) in
4650-420: The State of German-Austria was formally passed by the Provisional National Assembly in Vienna this was worded by the State Chancellor, Karl Renner , "...to encounter the prejudices of the world as though we wanted to annex alien national property" The day before, on 11 Nov. 1918 the Provisional Diet of Carinthia had formally declared Carinthia's accession to the State of German-Austria. The Federal Act concerning
4743-482: The associated accretionary prism as it grows and changes shape creating ponded basins. Pull-apart basins is are created along major strike-slip faults where a bend in the fault geometry or the splitting of the fault into two or more faults creates tensional forces that cause crustal thinning or stretching due to extension, creating a regional depression. Frequently, the basins are rhombic, S-like or Z-like in shape. A broad comparatively shallow basin formed far from
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#17330847017774836-402: The capital Noreia , possibly located in the Zollfeld basin near the later Roman city of Virunum . Known for the production of salt and iron, the Kingdom maintained intensive trade relations with Etruscan peoples and over the centuries extended the borders of its realm up to the Danube in the north. The Roman Empire incorporated Noricum in 15 BC. Besides the administrative seat of Virunum,
4929-406: The cities of Klagenfurt and Villach and medieval towns like Friesach or Gmünd . Carinthia features numerous monasteries and churches such as the Romanesque Gurk Cathedral or Maria Saal in the Zollfeld plain , the abbeys of St. Paul's , Ossiach , Millstatt , and Viktring as well as castles and palaces like large-scale Hochosterwitz , Griffen , or Porcia . Scenic highlights are
5022-461: The cities of Teurnia , Santicum (Villach) and Iuenna ( Globasnitz ) arose as centres of Roman culture. The Noricum province remained strategically important as a mining area for iron, gold, and lead and as an agricultural region. In the reign of the Emperor Diocletian (245–313) Noricum split into two provinces: Noricum ripense ("Noricum along the river", the northern part southward from the Danube), and Noricum mediterraneum ("landlocked Noricum",
5115-495: The country house. Other visual artists are Valentin Oman, Bruno Gironcoli, Meina Schellander, and Karl Brandstätter. In Carinthia, the architect Günther Domenig designed the Steinhaus am Ossiacher See, the building for the state exhibition in Hüttenberg and the extension for the Klagenfurt city theater. 46°45′40″N 13°49′08″E / 46.761°N 13.819°E / 46.761; 13.819 Sedimentary basin Sedimentary basins are region-scale depressions of
5208-479: The deeply disappointed Yugoslav supporters would not have substantially altered the overall decision. Yet, after the plebiscite, the SHS-State again made attempts to occupy the area, but owing to demarches by the United Kingdom, France, and Italy it removed its troops from Austria so that, by 22 November 1920, the State Diet of Carinthia was at last able to exercise its sovereignty over the entire state. Originally an agrarian country, Carinthia made efforts to establish
5301-443: The depression. As the sediments are buried, they are subject to increasing pressure and begin the processes of compaction and lithification that transform them into sedimentary rock . Sedimentary basins are created by deformation of Earth's lithosphere in diverse geological settings, usually as a result of plate tectonic activity. Mechanisms of crustal deformation that lead to subsidence and sedimentary basin formation include
5394-432: The district of Klagenfurt-Land south of lake Wörthersee , and the south-eastern part of the present district of Villach-Land ), while Zone B included the City of Klagenfurt, Velden am Wörthersee and the immediately surrounding rural areas where German speakers formed a vast majority. If the population in Zone A had decided for Yugoslavia, another referendum in Zone B would have followed. On 10 October 1920,
5487-413: The district south of the Alpine crest ). Teurnia became the administrative seat of the latter, as well as an Early Christian episcopal see . As the Roman Empire declined in the 5th century AD, the Noricum region was exposed to recurring campaigns of Germanic tribes, whereupon the population retired to hilltop settlements. In 408 Visigoth troops under King Alaric I entered Noricum from Italy across
5580-478: The diversified terrain , numerous distinct microclimates exist. Nevertheless, the average amount of sunshine hours is the highest of all states in Austria. In autumn and winter, temperature inversion often dominates the climate, characterized by air stillness, a dense fog covering the frosty valleys and trapping pollution to form smog , while mild sunny weather is recorded higher up in the foothills and mountains. The settlement history of Carinthia dates back to
5673-401: The earth's surface over time. Regional study of these rocks can be used as the primary record for different kinds of scientific investigation aimed at understanding and reconstructing the earth's past plate tectonics (paleotectonics), geography ( paleogeography , climate ( paleoclimatology ), oceans ( paleoceanography ), habitats ( paleoecology and paleobiogeography ). Sedimentary basin analysis
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#17330847017775766-402: The east. About 600 the Slavic principality of Carantania arose, stretching along the valleys of the Drava , Mur and Sava rivers. The remaining Celto-Roman population was largely assimilated, jointly challenging Avar and Frankish advance. The name Carontani was first mentioned about 700; the lands of Carantanum were documented by the chronicler Paul the Deacon (d. 799). The principality
5859-425: The edge of a continental craton as a result of prolonged, broadly distributed but slow subsidence of the continental lithosphere relative to the surrounding area. They are sometimes referred to as intracratonic sag basins. They tend to be subcircular in shape and are commonly filled with shallow water marine or terrestrial sedimentary rocks that remain flat-lying and relatively undeformed over long periods of time due to
5952-439: The effect is believed to be twofold. The lower, hotter part of the lithosphere will "flow" slowly away from the main area being stretched, whilst the upper, cooler and more brittle crust will tend to fault (crack) and fracture. The combined effect of these two mechanisms is for Earth's surface in the area of extension to subside, creating a geographical depression which is then often infilled with water and/or sediments. (An analogy
6045-583: The end of the World War I , however, Carinthia became a contested region. On 5 November 1918, the first armed militia units led by the Slovene volunteer Franjo Malgaj invaded Carinthia and were then joined by Slovene troops under Rudolf Maister . With the subsequent assistance of the regular Yugoslav army, they occupied southern Carinthia claiming the area for the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes ( Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca , or SHS) also known as Yugoslavia . The provisional state government of Carinthia had fled to Spittal an der Drau and given
6138-405: The fill of one or more sedimentary basins over time. The scientific studies of stratigraphy and in recent decades sequence stratigraphy are focused on understanding the three-dimensional architecture, packaging and layering of this body of sedimentary rocks as a record resulting from sedimentary processes acting over time, influenced by global sea level change and regional plate tectonics. Where
6231-431: The forces of the British Army . Once again at the end of World War II, Yugoslav troops occupied parts of Carinthia, including the capital city of Klagenfurt, but were soon forced to withdraw by the British forces with the consent of the Soviet Union . Carinthia, East Tyrol, and Styria then formed the UK occupation zone of Allied-administered Austria . The area was witness to the turnover of German-allied Cossacks to
6324-447: The fore. They were followed by Peter Handke , Gert Jonke, Josef Winkler, and Peter Turrini . Among other things, they took a very critical look at their homeland, like Josef Winkler in his trilogy "Das wilde Kärnten". Other important representatives of Carinthian literature include Janko Messner, Janko Ferk, Lydia Mischkulnig , Werner Kofler, Antonio Fian, and Florjan Lipus. The most important publishers are Johannes Heyn, Carinthia, and
6417-456: The intervention of the Allied Supreme Council in Paris, they retreated from the city but remained in the disputed part of Carinthia until 13 September 1920. In the Treaty of Saint-Germain of 10 September 1919, the two smaller Slovene-speaking Carinthian valleys south of the Karawanken range, Jezersko and the Meža Valley, together with the town of Dravograd —together 128 square miles or 331 km (127.80 sq mi)—were attached to
6510-425: The lithosphere occurs primarily in the plane of Earth as a result of near horizontal maximum and minimum principal stresses . Faults associated with these plate boundaries are primarily vertical. Wherever these vertical fault planes encounter bends, movement along the fault can create local areas of compression or tension. When the curve in the fault plane moves apart, a region of transtension occurs and sometimes
6603-405: The lithosphere. Plate tectonic processes that can create sufficient loads on the lithosphere to induce basin-forming processes include: After any kind of sedimentary basin has begun to form, the load created by the water and sediments filling the basin creates additional load, thus causing additional lithospheric flexure and amplifying the original subsidence that created the basin, regardless of
6696-478: The long-lived tectonic stability of the underlying craton. The geodynamic forces that create them remain poorly understood. Sedimentary basins form as a result of regional subsidence of the lithosphere, mostly as a result of a few geodynamic processes. If the lithosphere is caused to stretch horizontally, by mechanisms such as rifting (which is associated with divergent plate boundaries) or ridge-push or trench-pull (associated with convergent boundaries),
6789-695: The main bathing lakes Wörthersee , Millstätter See , Ossiacher See and Faaker See as well as a variety of smaller lakes and ponds. In winter Carinthia offers ski resorts such as the Nassfeld near Hermagor, Gerlitzen mountain, Bad Kleinkirchheim , Flattach , and Heiligenblut at Austria's highest mountain, the Grossglockner as well as the Hohe Tauern and Nock Mountains national parks for all kind of alpine sports and mountaineering . One of many customs that still subsists all over Carinthia are Kirchtage,
6882-691: The northwest. To the northeast and east beyond the Pack Saddle mountain pass is the state of Styria . The main river of Carinthia is the Drava ( Drau ), it makes up a continuous valley with East Tyrol , Tyrol to the west. Tributaries are the Gurk , the Glan , the Lavant , and the Gail rivers. Carinthia's lakes including Wörther See , Millstätter See , Lake Ossiach , and Lake Faak are
6975-548: The ongoing fighting between local volunteers and invaders on 5 December decided to declare armed resistance. The resistance encountered by the Yugoslav forces especially north of the Drava River around the town of Völkermarkt with its violent fighting alarmed the victorious Allies at the Paris Peace Conference . An Allied Commission headed by U.S. Lt.Col. Sherman Miles inspected the situation in situ and recommended
7068-471: The original cause of basin inception. Cooling of a lithospheric plate, particularly young oceanic crust or recently stretched continental crust, causes thermal subsidence . As the plate cools it shrinks and becomes denser through thermal contraction . Analogous to a solid floating in a liquid, as the lithospheric plate gets denser it sinks because it displaces more of the underlying mantle through an equilibrium process known as isostasy . Thermal subsidence
7161-413: The otherwise strike-slip fault environment. The study of sedimentary basins as entities unto themselves is often referred to as sedimentary basin analysis . Study involving quantitative modeling of the dynamic geologic processes by which they evolved is called basin modelling . The sedimentary rocks comprising the fill of sedimentary basins hold the most complete historical record of the evolution of
7254-491: The party of the incumbent governor Peter Kaiser , won a plurality of the vote at 38.9%, giving them a plurality of seats. This makes Carinthia one of only 3 regions of Austria not to have an ÖVP-led government (alongside Vienna and Burgenland ), although the ÖVP is the junior coalition member in Kaiser's government. The legislature also elects the state government, composed of a minister-president or Governor, whose ancient title
7347-607: The price of Bavarian overlordship. The Carantanian principality became part of the Bavarian stem duchy , while the area was Christianised for the second time by missionaries from the Salzburg diocese . Bishop Vergilius had Prince Boruth's son Cacatius and his nephew Cheitmar brought up in the Christian faith. In 767, at their request, the bishop sent Modestus to Carantania as a vicar and had churches built at Teurnia and Maria Saal . Upon
7440-616: The removal of the frescoes in 1938. In terms of architecture, Gustav Gugitz, the builder of the State Museum, should be mentioned, while the Wörthersee architecture with the villas and hotels is primarily characterized by Viennese architects. Switbert Lobisser is known for his woodcuts. Werner Berg made woodcuts and paintings, especially of his adoptive home in Bleiburg. After 1945, Maria Lassnig , Hans Staudacher, and Hans Bischoffshausen initiated
7533-503: The rights of Slovenes in Carinthia are still not fully implemented. The historical population is given in the following chart: The state is divided into eight rural and two urban districts ( Bezirke ), the latter being the statutory cities ( Statutarstädte ) of Klagenfurt and Villach. There are 132 municipalities , of which 17 are incorporated as towns and 40 are of the lesser market towns ( Marktgemeinden ) status. The state assembly Kärntner Landtag , ("Carinthian State Diet"),
7626-429: The rocks directly and also very importantly allow paleontologists to study the microfossils they contain ( micropaleontology ). At the time they are being drilled, boreholes are also surveyed by pulling electronic instruments along the length of the borehole in a process known as well logging . Well logging, which is sometimes appropriately called borehole geophysics , uses electromagnetic and radioactive properties of
7719-486: The sedimentary rocks comprising a sedimentary basin's fill are exposed at the earth's surface, traditional field geology and aerial photography techniques as well as satellite imagery can be used in the study of sedimentary basins. Much of a sedimentary basin's fill often remains buried below the surface, often submerged in the ocean, and thus cannot be studied directly. Acoustic imaging using seismic reflection acquired through seismic data acquisition and studied through
7812-545: The southern areas of the region, reaching around 3,000 armed men. The cities of Klagenfurt and Villach suffered from air raids , but the Allied forces did not reach Carinthia before May 8, 1945 . Toward the end of the war, Gauleiter Rainer tried to implement a Nazi plan for Carinthia to become part of the projected Nazi national redoubt, the Alpenfestung ; these efforts failed and the forces under Rainer's control surrendered to
7905-400: The specific sub-discipline of seismic stratigraphy is the primary means of understanding the three-dimensional architecture of the basin's fill through remote sensing . Direct sampling of the rocks themselves is accomplished via the drilling of boreholes and the retrieval of rock samples in the form of both core samples and drill cuttings . These allow geologists to study small samples of
7998-572: The state was 20.9 billion € in 2018, accounting for 5.4% of Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was €33,000 or 110% of the EU27 average in the same year. German is the official language. The people are predominantly German-speaking with a unique (and easily recognizable) Southern Austro-Bavarian dialect typical of which is that all short German vowels before double consonants have been lengthened ("Carinthian vowel stretching"). A Slovene -speaking minority, known as
8091-402: The thinning of underlying crust; depression of the crust by sedimentary, tectonic or volcanic loading; or changes in the thickness or density of underlying or adjacent lithosphere . Once the process of basin formation has begun, the weight of the sediments being deposited in the basin adds a further load on the underlying crust that accentuates subsidence and thus amplifies basin development as
8184-594: The title of a Carinthian duke in 880 and followed his uncle Charles the Fat as King of East Francia in 887. The Duchy of Carinthia was finally split from the vast Bavarian duchy in 976 by Emperor Otto II , having come out victorious from his quarrels with Duke Henry II the Wrangler . Carinthia, therefore, was the first newly created duchy of the Holy Roman Empire and for a short while comprised lands stretching from
8277-510: The two groups in the past fifty years. The largest part of Carinthia's population settles in the Klagenfurt Basin between Villach and Klagenfurt . In 2008, the proportion of the population with a migration background in Carinthia was 9.3% of the total population, about half the Austrian figure of 17.5%. By 2020, the proportion of the population with a migration background in Carinthia had risen to 14.5%, yet this figure remains lower than
8370-546: The world's natural gas and petroleum and all of its coal are found in sedimentary rock. Many metal ores are found in sedimentary rocks formed in particular sedimentary environments. Sedimentary basins are also important from a purely scientific perspective because their sedimentary fill provides a record of Earth's history during the time in which the basin was actively receiving sediment. More than six hundred sedimentary basins have been identified worldwide. They range in areal size from tens of square kilometers to well over
8463-495: Was again centered on the historic Zollfeld valley, where the Prince's Stone bears witness to the ritual of the investiture of the Carantanian rulers exclusively in Slovene. While the Carantanian rulers initially joined the tribal union of Samo's Empire , Prince Boruth turned to Duke Odilo of Bavaria in around 743 to ask for support against the Avar invaders. Aid was granted, however at
8556-652: Was ceded to Italy and included in the Province of Udine . According to the same treaty, a referendum was to be held in southern Carinthia as suggested by the Allied Commission, which was to determine whether the area claimed by the SHS-State was to remain part of Austria or go to Yugoslavia. Much of southern Carinthia was divided into two zones. Zone A was formed out of predominantly Slovene-inhabited zones (approximately corresponding to today's District of Völkermarkt ,
8649-645: Was incorporated in the Austrian Empire 's Kingdom of Illyria which succeeded Napoleon's Illyrian Provinces , but recovered its previous status in 1849 and in 1867 became one of the Cisleithanian crown lands of Austria-Hungary . In late 1918, the breakup of the Habsburg monarchy was imminent, and on 21 October 1918 the members of the Reichsrat for the German-speaking territories of Austria met in Vienna to constitute
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