116-555: Bungo Stray Dogs ( Japanese : 文豪ストレイドッグス , Hepburn : Bungō Sutorei Doggusu , lit. ' Literary Stray Dogs ' ) , also abbreviated as B-S-D , is a Japanese manga series written by Kafka Asagiri and illustrated by Sango Harukawa, which has been serialized in Kadokawa Shoten 's seinen manga magazine Young Ace since 2012. Each character is named after influential authors throughout history, and their powers are based on said author's books. The series follows
232-608: A Grade-A squad built for special tactics and suppression duty, and the strongest military unit in the military police . The characters of Bungo Stray Dogs have been popular in Japan with Crunchyroll noting that most of them appeared in a Newtype poll when the anime premiered in 2016. Manga.Tokyo enjoyed Osamu Dazai due to his appealing interactions with Doppo Kunikida while also enjoying Mamoru Miyano 's performance as his voice actor. Atsushi's characterization has earned mixed responses. The Fandom Post noted that his power of becoming
348-624: A benefit from the in-group to the out-group) means "[I/we] explained [it] to [him/her/them]". Such beneficiary auxiliary verbs thus serve a function comparable to that of pronouns and prepositions in Indo-European languages to indicate the actor and the recipient of an action. Japanese "pronouns" also function differently from most modern Indo-European pronouns (and more like nouns) in that they can take modifiers as any other noun may. For instance, one does not say in English: The amazed he ran down
464-464: A character that often accompanied Dazai was Atsushi Nakajima, the main character. However, he instead needed a third character who acts as an equal to Dazai. This led to the creation of Kunikida. Although Kunikida was hard to come up with, Asagiri did not have writer's block in general as he claims that writing backgrounds takes him between two or four days. He calls this process "mysterious". Kadokawa Shoten approached Asagiri with writing more content for
580-457: A character-specific story not seen until then. These often introduce new characters to the series that weren't previously canon. There are currently ten novels in total, with only eight having English translations. Bungo Stray Dogs was well received in Japan. By late 2016, the manga sold 4.1 million books. The series also appeared in the Da Vinci 's magazine poll from Kadokawa Shoten, while
696-414: A distinct language of its own that has absorbed various aspects from neighboring languages. Japanese has five vowels, and vowel length is phonemic, with each having both a short and a long version. Elongated vowels are usually denoted with a line over the vowel (a macron ) in rōmaji , a repeated vowel character in hiragana , or a chōonpu succeeding the vowel in katakana . /u/ ( listen )
812-436: A few references to the historical author's life, personality, and preferences. In regards to his past, he has no desires nor a reason to live and has suffered in solitude for most of his life. Thus, he resorts to playing the role of a clown and hiding most of his true emotions with suicidal antics. However, Dazai’s character has still made significant progress towards the fulfilment of his friend Oda’s dying wish for him to turn to
928-419: A glide /j/ and either the first part of a geminate consonant ( っ / ッ , represented as Q) or a moraic nasal in the coda ( ん / ン , represented as N). The nasal is sensitive to its phonetic environment and assimilates to the following phoneme, with pronunciations including [ɴ, m, n, ɲ, ŋ, ɰ̃] . Onset-glide clusters only occur at the start of syllables but clusters across syllables are allowed as long as
1044-479: A listener depending on the listener's relative social position and the degree of familiarity between the speaker and the listener. When used in different social relationships, the same word may have positive (intimate or respectful) or negative (distant or disrespectful) connotations. Japanese often use titles of the person referred to where pronouns would be used in English. For example, when speaking to one's teacher, it
1160-410: A positive response. There parallels between Atsushi and Kyoka were also praised due to how they bond, making the protagonist look more charming in the process. Anime News Network appreciated the new bond he formed with former Guild member Lucy Maud Montgomery ; the reviewer expected that either a formal romance would develop between these two characters or a love triangle alongside Kyoka, who also had
1276-408: A sentence need not be stated and pronouns may be omitted if they can be inferred from context. In the example above, hana ga nagai would mean "[their] noses are long", while nagai by itself would mean "[they] are long." A single verb can be a complete sentence: Yatta! ( やった! ) "[I / we / they / etc] did [it]!". In addition, since adjectives can form the predicate in a Japanese sentence (below),
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#17330923422421392-428: A single adjective can be a complete sentence: Urayamashii! ( 羨ましい! ) "[I'm] jealous [about it]!". While the language has some words that are typically translated as pronouns, these are not used as frequently as pronouns in some Indo-European languages, and function differently. In some cases, Japanese relies on special verb forms and auxiliary verbs to indicate the direction of benefit of an action: "down" to indicate
1508-444: A strong bond with Atsushi. As a result, the writer said the story would benefit from this type of subplot since Bungo Stray Dogs rarely contained romance. When season two ended, The Fandom Post saw Atsushi's team up with Akutagawa as one of the best sequences in the series, which explored how the two characters felt during their interactions and production values made the fight more entertaining. Meanwhile, Anime News Network enjoyed
1624-513: A tiger gave him potential to make goods rather than the curse he fears. On the other hand, Reel Run Down considered Atsushi as one of the weakest characters due to his constant insecure thoughts despite having multiple achievements in the storyline. Otaku USA noted that while Atsushi becomes a hero during the story, he is overshadowed by others character he found more interesting. Nevertheless, Atsushi's and Akutagawa's rivalry has also resulted into positive reaction due to how each character balance
1740-675: Is compressed rather than protruded , or simply unrounded. Some Japanese consonants have several allophones , which may give the impression of a larger inventory of sounds. However, some of these allophones have since become phonemic. For example, in the Japanese language up to and including the first half of the 20th century, the phonemic sequence /ti/ was palatalized and realized phonetically as [tɕi] , approximately chi ( listen ) ; however, now [ti] and [tɕi] are distinct, as evidenced by words like tī [tiː] "Western-style tea" and chii [tɕii] "social status". The "r" of
1856-421: Is topic–comment . Sentence-final particles are used to add emotional or emphatic impact, or form questions. Nouns have no grammatical number or gender , and there are no articles . Verbs are conjugated , primarily for tense and voice , but not person . Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a complex system of honorifics , with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of
1972-462: Is a secret society of ability users from North America (primarily the United States ). They have international influence, are granted diplomatic authority , and have extraterritorial rights (meaning Japanese law enforcement cannot detain them). Most of them possess a significant amount of money. Huck Finn ( ハック・フィン , Hakku Fin ) Tom Sawyer ( トム・ソーヤ , Tomu Sōya ) The Rats in
2088-474: Is a supernatural book (referred to as The Book) capable of changing reality linked with Atsushi's tiger, hence putting a bounty on the black market. Fitzgerald disregards any superficial damage the Guild might bring to Yokohama in exchange for the book, having an airship named "Moby Dick" destroy the city. However, he is nearly killed by Atsushi and Akutagawa once they join forces while Kyoka stops Moby Dick. Kyoka passes
2204-445: Is also seen in o-medetō "congratulations", from medetaku ). Late Middle Japanese has the first loanwords from European languages – now-common words borrowed into Japanese in this period include pan ("bread") and tabako ("tobacco", now "cigarette"), both from Portuguese . Modern Japanese is considered to begin with the Edo period (which spanned from 1603 to 1867). Since Old Japanese,
2320-519: Is also used in a limited fashion (such as for imported acronyms) in Japanese writing. The numeral system uses mostly Arabic numerals , but also traditional Chinese numerals . Proto-Japonic , the common ancestor of the Japanese and Ryukyuan languages , is thought to have been brought to Japan by settlers coming from the Korean peninsula sometime in the early- to mid-4th century BC (the Yayoi period ), replacing
2436-663: Is an underground criminal organization . Also known as Yokohama's "Night Wardens," they have a "skilled business" permit, allowing them to conduct their criminal activities legally. They have dozens of enterprises within their control, exceeding politics and economics, and its influence can be found in numerous places around Yokohama. The brain of the criminal underworld market, they specialize in assaults , strong weapons of armament, riots, bullying, and forbidden unclean products for coarse organizations. They have many international connections with other criminal organizations. The Guild ( 組合 , Girudo , sometimes also written as ギルド or ぎるど)
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#17330923422422552-440: Is appropriate to use sensei ( 先生 , "teacher"), but inappropriate to use anata . This is because anata is used to refer to people of equal or lower status, and one's teacher has higher status. Japanese nouns have no grammatical number, gender or article aspect. The noun hon ( 本 ) may refer to a single book or several books; hito ( 人 ) can mean "person" or "people", and ki ( 木 ) can be "tree" or "trees". Where number
2668-684: Is associated with comedy (see Kansai dialect ). Dialects of Tōhoku and North Kantō are associated with typical farmers. The Ryūkyūan languages, spoken in Okinawa and the Amami Islands (administratively part of Kagoshima ), are distinct enough to be considered a separate branch of the Japonic family; not only is each language unintelligible to Japanese speakers, but most are unintelligible to those who speak other Ryūkyūan languages. However, in contrast to linguists, many ordinary Japanese people tend to consider
2784-462: Is better documentation of Late Middle Japanese phonology than for previous forms (for instance, the Arte da Lingoa de Iapam ). Among other sound changes, the sequence /au/ merges to /ɔː/ , in contrast with /oː/ ; /p/ is reintroduced from Chinese; and /we/ merges with /je/ . Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending - te begins to reduce onto
2900-573: Is by Kevin Gifford. As of November 2023, twenty-three volumes have been published. A manga based on the light novel Beast , which is illustrated by Shiwasu Hoshikawa, debuted in Monthly Shōnen Ace on 26 December 2019. This spin-off manga takes place in an alternate timeline and features Ryūnosuke Akutagawa , who joins the Armed Detective Agency, and Atsushi Nakajima as a subordinate of
3016-509: Is correlated with the sex of the speaker and the social situation in which they are spoken: men and women alike in a formal situation generally refer to themselves as watashi ( 私 , literally "private") or watakushi (also 私 , hyper-polite form), while men in rougher or intimate conversation are much more likely to use the word ore ( 俺 "oneself", "myself") or boku . Similarly, different words such as anata , kimi , and omae ( お前 , more formally 御前 "the one before me") may refer to
3132-417: Is important, it can be indicated by providing a quantity (often with a counter word ) or (rarely) by adding a suffix, or sometimes by duplication (e.g. 人人 , hitobito , usually written with an iteration mark as 人々 ). Words for people are usually understood as singular. Thus Tanaka-san usually means Mx Tanaka . Words that refer to people and animals can be made to indicate a group of individuals through
3248-626: Is imprisoned for his past crimes and is placed in a cell near Dostoyevsky while the government sends its military forces known as the Hunting Dogs to execute the members of the Agency. As the Agency faces defeat, they form an alliance with Fitzgerald and later the mafia in exchange for one of their members (to the mafia). Across the multiple fights, it is revealed there is another person above Dostoyevsky and that person must be stopped. During an encounter with one of Fyodor's allies, Sigma, Atsushi discovers that
3364-722: Is less common. In terms of mutual intelligibility , a survey in 1967 found that the four most unintelligible dialects (excluding Ryūkyūan languages and Tōhoku dialects ) to students from Greater Tokyo were the Kiso dialect (in the deep mountains of Nagano Prefecture ), the Himi dialect (in Toyama Prefecture ), the Kagoshima dialect and the Maniwa dialect (in Okayama Prefecture ). The survey
3480-495: Is not the person himself," Asagiri laughs, "the most important thing was to make [the author-characters] interesting in a manga-like way." The Dazai in Bungō Stray Dogs is not a characterification of the author himself but of the author's star text: an abstract representation of “Dazai” and his literature in popular imagination. Likewise, Dazai's character is heavily inspired by No Longer Human and its protagonist, Ōba Yōzō, with
3596-420: Is often called a topic-prominent language , which means it has a strong tendency to indicate the topic separately from the subject, and that the two do not always coincide. The sentence Zō wa hana ga nagai ( 象は鼻が長い ) literally means, "As for elephant(s), (the) nose(s) (is/are) long". The topic is zō "elephant", and the subject is hana "nose". Japanese grammar tends toward brevity; the subject or object of
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3712-489: Is preserved in words such as matsuge ("eyelash", lit. "hair of the eye"); modern mieru ("to be visible") and kikoeru ("to be audible") retain a mediopassive suffix - yu(ru) ( kikoyu → kikoyuru (the attributive form, which slowly replaced the plain form starting in the late Heian period) → kikoeru (all verbs with the shimo-nidan conjugation pattern underwent this same shift in Early Modern Japanese )); and
3828-528: Is revealed in the form of flashback episodes. The site noted that the debut explores the relationship between Dazai and Mori and how Mori sees himself in Dazai. Anime News Network noted how dark this incarnation of Dazai is as he does not appear to care for other people and instead ponders the idea of killing himself in contrast to his cheerful persona from the regular series. Japanese language Japanese ( 日本語 , Nihongo , [ɲihoŋɡo] )
3944-646: Is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people . It has around 123 million speakers, primarily in Japan , the only country where it is the national language , and within the Japanese diaspora worldwide. The Japonic family also includes the Ryukyuan languages and the variously classified Hachijō language . There have been many attempts to group the Japonic languages with other families such as
4060-402: Is the version of Japanese discussed in this article. Formerly, standard Japanese in writing ( 文語 , bungo , "literary language") was different from colloquial language ( 口語 , kōgo ) . The two systems have different rules of grammar and some variance in vocabulary. Bungo was the main method of writing Japanese until about 1900; since then kōgo gradually extended its influence and
4176-767: Is to take the body of whoever killed him, who in this case is Bram Stroker. After quitting his job as a salaryman, Kafka Asagiri became popular through his video "Yukkuri Youmu and the Really Scary Cthulhu Mythos" released on Nico Nico Douga . The first episode was viewed about 1 million times, much to Asagiri's surprise. Four months after he uploaded the video, Asagiri was approached by the editor-in-chief of Monthly Shonen Ace to bring in three projects in two weeks. The Editorial department has also contacted him. The manga originated from Asagiri's idea to gather multiple famous late authors and poets and draw them as young adults and teenagers with supernatural powers. He
4292-471: Is used for the present and the future. For verbs that represent an ongoing process, the -te iru form indicates a continuous (or progressive) aspect , similar to the suffix ing in English. For others that represent a change of state, the -te iru form indicates a perfect aspect. For example, kite iru means "They have come (and are still here)", but tabete iru means "They are eating". Questions (both with an interrogative pronoun and yes/no questions) have
4408-405: Is why some linguists do not classify Japanese "pronouns" as pronouns, but rather as referential nouns, much like Spanish usted (contracted from vuestra merced , "your ( majestic plural ) grace") or Portuguese você (from vossa mercê ). Japanese personal pronouns are generally used only in situations requiring special emphasis as to who is doing what to whom. The choice of words used as pronouns
4524-555: The Ainu , Austronesian , Koreanic , and the now-discredited Altaic , but none of these proposals have gained any widespread acceptance. Little is known of the language's prehistory, or when it first appeared in Japan. Chinese documents from the 3rd century AD recorded a few Japanese words, but substantial Old Japanese texts did not appear until the 8th century. From the Heian period (794–1185), extensive waves of Sino-Japanese vocabulary entered
4640-455: The Japonic language family, which also includes the Ryukyuan languages spoken in the Ryukyu Islands . As these closely related languages are commonly treated as dialects of the same language, Japanese is sometimes called a language isolate . According to Martine Irma Robbeets , Japanese has been subject to more attempts to show its relation to other languages than any other language in
4756-504: The Philippines , and various Pacific islands, locals in those countries learned Japanese as the language of the empire. As a result, many elderly people in these countries can still speak Japanese. Japanese emigrant communities (the largest of which are to be found in Brazil , with 1.4 million to 1.5 million Japanese immigrants and descendants, according to Brazilian IBGE data, more than
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4872-661: The United States (notably in Hawaii , where 16.7% of the population has Japanese ancestry, and California ), and the Philippines (particularly in Davao Region and the Province of Laguna ). Japanese has no official status in Japan, but is the de facto national language of the country. There is a form of the language considered standard : hyōjungo ( 標準語 ) , meaning "standard Japanese", or kyōtsūgo ( 共通語 ) , "common language", or even "Tokyo dialect" at times. The meanings of
4988-794: The de facto standard Japanese had been the Kansai dialect , especially that of Kyoto . However, during the Edo period, Edo (now Tokyo) developed into the largest city in Japan, and the Edo-area dialect became standard Japanese. Since the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853, the flow of loanwords from European languages has increased significantly. The period since 1945 has seen many words borrowed from other languages—such as German, Portuguese and English. Many English loan words especially relate to technology—for example, pasokon (short for "personal computer"), intānetto ("internet"), and kamera ("camera"). Due to
5104-518: The 1.2 million of the United States ) sometimes employ Japanese as their primary language. Approximately 12% of Hawaii residents speak Japanese, with an estimated 12.6% of the population of Japanese ancestry in 2008. Japanese emigrants can also be found in Peru , Argentina , Australia (especially in the eastern states), Canada (especially in Vancouver , where 1.4% of the population has Japanese ancestry),
5220-575: The Agency's entrance exam as a result of doing so. Another man, known as Fyodor Dostoyevsky , is introduced into the story, wishing to obtain The Book in order to erase all gifted people. He sets up a fatal clash between the detectives and the mafia using a virus ability user from the group that he leads, Rats in the House of the Dead . Natsume Soseki , who is the creator of the collaborative Tripartite Framework, stops
5336-676: The Angel The following is a list of characters from the manga series Bungo Stray Dogs . The characters of Bungo Stray Dogs were created by Kafka Asagiri and designed by Sango Harukawa. Asagiri noted that in the making of the story, the character designs were developed first rather than their plot lines, as the restrictions of the plot might cause the characters to become too flat. The manga originated from Asagiri's idea to gather multiple famous late authors and draw them as young adults and teenagers with supernatural powers , and in his hope that more people would find an interest in literature with
5452-837: The Dark Era and its anime adaptation in the second season of the show. It was first shown in Tokyo at the Sunshine Gekijō from 22 September to 8 October and then moved to Osaka where it ran at the Morinomiya Piloti Hall on 13–14 October. A third stage play based on the rest of the second season, thus excluding Dazai's backstory at the beginning of the season, was performed from June to July 2019 in Iwate, Fukuoka, Aichi and Osaka, and in July in Tokyo. Multiple light novels have been released, each focusing on
5568-418: The Dazai's characterization and growth as a person which contrasted with his regular personality, while UK Anime Network felt it made the cast look more rounded in the general due to the multiple use literal characters based on real life alongside Ango. Dazai's debut in the anime's third season earned praise from Manga.Tokyo for once again exploring his teenage years where his relationship with Chuuya Nakahara
5684-410: The Guild plans to destroy Yokohama in his story arc but at the end and his next appearances, it is revealed his only desire was protecting his family. Sigma is also another villain written to be relatable though the author made him like that due to his "average" skills when compared to stronger antagonists. Ranpo was one of the hardest characters to write due to his superior intelligence when compared with
5800-559: The House of the Dead ( 死の家の鼠 , Shi no Ie no Nezumi ) are an underground terrorist organization, with the goal of obtaining the Book. The Decay of the Angel ( 天人五衰 , Tennin Gosui ) is a terrorist organization specializing as a murder association, devoted to the destruction of all nations. The Hunting Dogs ( 猟犬 , Ryōken ) are a military organization working for the government. They're
5916-482: The Japanese language is of particular interest, ranging between an apical central tap and a lateral approximant . The "g" is also notable; unless it starts a sentence, it may be pronounced [ ŋ ] , in the Kanto prestige dialect and in other eastern dialects. The phonotactics of Japanese are relatively simple. The syllable structure is (C)(G)V(C), that is, a core vowel surrounded by an optional onset consonant,
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#17330923422426032-724: The Old Japanese sections are written in Man'yōgana , which uses kanji for their phonetic as well as semantic values. Based on the Man'yōgana system, Old Japanese can be reconstructed as having 88 distinct morae . Texts written with Man'yōgana use two different sets of kanji for each of the morae now pronounced き (ki), ひ (hi), み (mi), け (ke), へ (he), め (me), こ (ko), そ (so), と (to), の (no), も (mo), よ (yo) and ろ (ro). (The Kojiki has 88, but all later texts have 87. The distinction between mo 1 and mo 2 apparently
6148-601: The Port Mafia. A spin-off manga centered around Dazai and Chuya's backstories titled, Bungo Stray Dogs: Dazai, Chūya, Jūgosai , began serialization in Monthly Shōnen Ace in July 2022. An anime television series adaptation produced by Bones was directed by Takuya Igarashi and written by Yōji Enokido . Nobuhiro Arai and Hiroshi Kanno served as the chief animation directors, while the former also served as character designer along with Ryō Hirata. Taku Iwasaki composed
6264-488: The Ryūkyūan languages as dialects of Japanese. The imperial court also seems to have spoken an unusual variant of the Japanese of the time, most likely the spoken form of Classical Japanese , a writing style that was prevalent during the Heian period , but began to decline during the late Meiji period . The Ryūkyūan languages are classified by UNESCO as 'endangered', as young people mostly use Japanese and cannot understand
6380-543: The addition of a collective suffix (a noun suffix that indicates a group), such as -tachi , but this is not a true plural: the meaning is closer to the English phrase "and company". A group described as Tanaka-san-tachi may include people not named Tanaka. Some Japanese nouns are effectively plural, such as hitobito "people" and wareware "we/us", while the word tomodachi "friend" is considered singular, although plural in form. Verbs are conjugated to show tenses, of which there are two: past and present (or non-past) which
6496-460: The anime series as well as new game-exclusive scenarios. The gameplay involves using pinball machine-like mechanics to defeat enemies, and earning a combination of materials, ability stones, and gold. Materials and gold can be used for powering up and evolving characters, while ability stones are most often used for scouts , to unlock more characters in-game. A second game has been announced, titled Gakuen Bungo Stray Dogs . A stage play based on
6612-415: The anime series took second place in the "Best Television Series" behind Fate/Apocrypha . Rebecca Silverman from Anime News Network listed the third season of the anime as one of her favorite anime from early 2019. The home media releases of the series were also popular in Japan, achieving good sales. The film Dead Apple was also the winner of Newtype ' s "Theatrical Film Award" in 2018. In 2019,
6728-553: The battle with Kamui, the next stage for the Decay of the Angel plan commences - turning people into vampires and eventually controlling humankind thanks to Bram. The United Nations decides to release One Order, an ability weapon that can make the listeners of orders given through the device act as ordered. The Agency fight the Hunting Dogs for their innocence and end the vampire reign. A young girl named Aya Koda takes Bram from Fukuchi to stop
6844-441: The characters, which led to the production of light novels where the writer decided to explore Dazai's past. Among several supernatural elements seen in the series, Asagiri came up with one that everybody wants under the name "The Book". The magic nature of the book was based on Akira Toriyama 's wish-granting items from the manga Dragon Ball . A major theme in the narrative of people overcoming themselves; As an example, Kyoka
6960-564: The effect of changing Japanese into a mora-timed language. Late Middle Japanese covers the years from 1185 to 1600, and is normally divided into two sections, roughly equivalent to the Kamakura period and the Muromachi period , respectively. The later forms of Late Middle Japanese are the first to be described by non-native sources, in this case the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries; and thus there
7076-474: The emotional focus on Atsushi's emotional state in the manga as he often grieves about his background, as well as the way he deals with his emotions when his torturer passes away. J. Laturnas from University of British Columbia noticed that Dazai's characterization in Bungo Stray Dogs and Bungō and Alchemist helped to revitalize the original author's works. "Of course, the character named ‘Dazai Osamu’
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#17330923422427192-574: The ending theme is "Kiseki" ( 軌跡 , lit. "Trails") by Luck Life. The anime is licensed in North America by Crunchyroll (formerly known as Funimation ) with home video distribution, and in the United Kingdom by Anime Limited . At the Mayo(w)i Inu-tachi no Utage Sono Ni event on 19 February 2017 a film project based on the manga series was announced. Titled Bungo Stray Dogs: Dead Apple ,
7308-638: The events in the first season of the anime was realized starting at the KAAT Kanagawa Arts Theatre in Yokohama from December 2017, with the play moving through major cities in Japan. It was also shown at the Morinomiya Piloti Hall in Osaka on 12–13 January, and at AiiA 2.5 Theater Tokyo from 31 January to 4 February. Starting in September 2018, a second stage play was done based on the light novel Dazai Osamu and
7424-469: The fight. While Atsushi and Akutagawa corner the virus' originator, Dazai manages to arrest Dostoyevsky with Fitzgerald's help. However, Dostoyevsky is later revealed to have orchestrated his own imprisonment in order to lead his followers. Pages of The Book are later found by Dostoyevsky's other group, The Decay of the Angel , which uses its powers to frame the Detective Agency for a murder case. Dazai
7540-435: The film premiered on 3 March 2018 with the staff and cast from the anime series returning to reprise their roles. A live-action film was announced in July 2019. Titled Bungo Stray Dogs The Movie: Beast , the film premiered on 7 January 2022. An action role-playing game titled Bungo Stray Dogs Mayoi Inu Kaikitan was announced and released on iOS and Android . The game includes character side stories that were not found in
7656-557: The first season aired between April and June 2016, and the second season aired between October and December 2016. An anime film, Bungo Stray Dogs: Dead Apple , was released in March 2018. A third season aired between April and June 2019. A fourth season aired between January and March 2023. A fifth season aired from July to September 2023. A spin-off television series adaptation of Bungo Stray Dogs Wan! aired from January to March 2021. A live-action film, Bungo Stray Dogs The Movie: Beast ,
7772-455: The flow of loanwords from European languages increased significantly, and words from English roots have proliferated. Japanese is an agglutinative , mora -timed language with relatively simple phonotactics , a pure vowel system, phonemic vowel and consonant length, and a lexically significant pitch-accent . Word order is normally subject–object–verb with particles marking the grammatical function of words, and sentence structure
7888-415: The franchise combined sold ¥1,878,804,092 in 2016. By 2018, the series reached 6 million copies. In 2022, the manga reached 10 million copies in print. It came in at 11th for the "Nationwide Bookstore Employees' Recommended Comics of 2014". On TV Asahi 's Manga Sōsenkyo 2021 poll, in which 150,000 people voted for their top 100 manga series, Bungo Stray Dogs ranked 64th. Author Dan Brown was attracted by
8004-425: The friendship of Osamu Dazai , Ango Sakaguchi and Sakunosuke Oda . When it came to Sigma, Asagiri drew his own take on the design but it was instead altered by Harukawa. In 2023, Asagiri expressed satisfaction with the large amount of other works based on his manga and expected there would be more products in the future. Written by Kafka Asagiri and illustrated by Sango Harukawa, Bungo Stray Dogs began publishing
8120-609: The genitive particle ga remains in intentionally archaic speech. Early Middle Japanese is the Japanese of the Heian period , from 794 to 1185. It formed the basis for the literary standard of Classical Japanese , which remained in common use until the early 20th century. During this time, Japanese underwent numerous phonological developments, in many cases instigated by an influx of Chinese loanwords . These included phonemic length distinction for both consonants and vowels , palatal consonants (e.g. kya ) and labial consonant clusters (e.g. kwa ), and closed syllables . This had
8236-430: The language, affecting the phonology of Early Middle Japanese . Late Middle Japanese (1185–1600) saw extensive grammatical changes and the first appearance of European loanwords . The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo ) in the Early Modern Japanese period (early 17th century–mid 19th century). Following the end of Japan's self-imposed isolation in 1853,
8352-453: The languages of the original Jōmon inhabitants, including the ancestor of the modern Ainu language . Because writing had yet to be introduced from China, there is no direct evidence, and anything that can be discerned about this period must be based on internal reconstruction from Old Japanese , or comparison with the Ryukyuan languages and Japanese dialects . The Chinese writing system
8468-449: The languages. Okinawan Japanese is a variant of Standard Japanese influenced by the Ryūkyūan languages, and is the primary dialect spoken among young people in the Ryukyu Islands . Modern Japanese has become prevalent nationwide (including the Ryūkyū islands) due to education , mass media , and an increase in mobility within Japan, as well as economic integration. Japanese is a member of
8584-427: The large quantity of English loanwords, modern Japanese has developed a distinction between [tɕi] and [ti] , and [dʑi] and [di] , with the latter in each pair only found in loanwords. Although Japanese is spoken almost exclusively in Japan, it has also been spoken outside of the country. Before and during World War II , through Japanese annexation of Taiwan and Korea , as well as partial occupation of China ,
8700-413: The leader of the Decay of Angels is a person who is codenamed Kamui. Ranpo Edogawa then manages to gather most of the Agency and prove their innocence to the law. After this, he uses his skills to determine Kamui's identity: Ōchi Fukuchi, the leader of the Hunting Dogs. Both Atsushi and Akutagawa are defeated by their enemy with the latter sacrificing himself in his last moments to let Atsushi escape. After
8816-518: The light, and uses his inner darkness and past experiences to serve as a guiding light. The anime series and its film have been popular, appearing in multiple polls involving its style and cosplay, among others. Atomix listed it as the fifth best anime from 2016, praising its premise, designs and references to writers. In the Newtype Anime Awards 2016–2017 at the Machi Asobi Vol. 19 event,
8932-422: The manga in Kadokawa Shoten 's seinen manga magazine Young Ace on 4 December 2012. Kadokawa has collected its chapters into individual tankōbon volume. The first volume was released on 4 April 2013. As of 4 June 2024 twenty-five volumes have been released. The series has been licensed for North America by Yen Press with the first volume being released on 20 December 2016. The English translation
9048-458: The manga when the author created a fictional version of himself to promote the story. Brown stated he was pleased with the result. Critical reception to the series has been positive. The Fandom Post said ever since its start the series has had potential to be an entertaining manga, citing the characterization of Atsushi and the power he has, later leading to interesting mystery arcs when more characters from multiple parties become involved, such as
9164-481: The members of the Armed Detective Agency as they try to protect Yokohama from organizations such as the Port Mafia. The story mainly focuses on the weretiger Atsushi Nakajima , who joins others gifted with supernatural powers to accomplish different tasks including solving mysteries and carrying out missions assigned by the agency. As of 2024, ten light novels have been published. An anime television series adaptation produced by Bones aired in 2016 in two parts;
9280-409: The moonlight; which was why the orphanage tortured him and kicked him out. Dazai recruits him into the Agency he works for, the Armed Detective Agency, that handles crimes too dangerous for the police to handle. There, he meets many other ability users as they tackle various cases and events taking place in the city of Yokohama, a place teeming with individuals with Supernatural Abilities. Atsushi becomes
9396-425: The only strict rule of word order is that the verb must be placed at the end of a sentence (possibly followed by sentence-end particles). This is because Japanese sentence elements are marked with particles that identify their grammatical functions. The basic sentence structure is topic–comment . For example, Kochira wa Tanaka-san desu ( こちらは田中さんです ). kochira ("this") is the topic of the sentence, indicated by
9512-429: The other in terms of personality and how they become allies for a short for one of the most entertaining fights in the series. Anime News Network still enjoyed the new bond he formed with former Guild member Lucy Maud Montgomery ; the reviewer noted Lucy became attracted to him and thus expected a form romance or love triangle would be composed between these two characters as well as Kyoka as this character also formed
9628-470: The out-group gives a benefit to the in-group, and "up" to indicate the in-group gives a benefit to the out-group. Here, the in-group includes the speaker and the out-group does not, and their boundary depends on context. For example, oshiete moratta ( 教えてもらった ) (literally, "explaining got" with a benefit from the out-group to the in-group) means "[he/she/they] explained [it] to [me/us]". Similarly, oshiete ageta ( 教えてあげた ) (literally, "explaining gave" with
9744-415: The particle wa . The verb desu is a copula , commonly translated as "to be" or "it is" (though there are other verbs that can be translated as "to be"), though technically it holds no meaning and is used to give a sentence 'politeness'. As a phrase, Tanaka-san desu is the comment. This sentence literally translates to "As for this person, (it) is Mx Tanaka." Thus Japanese, like many other Asian languages,
9860-411: The portrayal of Atsushi's thoughts regarding his abusive caretaker since he had a serious attitude when he talked about them while interacting with Akutagawa, feeling this made Atsushi appealing. The flashback episodes from season two and three were the subject of positive response. Manga.Tokyo highly praised the relationship between the teenage Dazai and Odasaku since it shows the impact Odasaku had on
9976-472: The previous two seasons. The third season premiered from 12 April 2019 and ended on 28 June 2019, being broadcast on Tokyo MX , TVA , KBS , SUN , BS11 , and Wowow . Granrodeo performed the third seasons' opening theme "Setsuna no Ai" ( セツナの愛 , lit. "A moment's love") and Luck Life performed the third season's ending theme "Lily". Funimation released the simuldub on 17 May 2019. In June 2020, Kadokawa announced that an anime television series adaptation of
10092-477: The proposed larger Altaic family, or to various Southeast Asian languages , especially Austronesian . None of these proposals have gained wide acceptance (and the Altaic family itself is now considered controversial). As it stands, only the link to Ryukyuan has wide support. Other theories view the Japanese language as an early creole language formed through inputs from at least two distinct language groups, or as
10208-453: The reluctant alliance Atsushi and his rival Akutagawa form to defeat another group. The artwork was praised by UK Anime Network for how detailed are fight scenes while also praising the balance between dark and light plot storylines. Nevertheless, he found a common commentary within fans that the series suffers from a slow pace. While liking the Kunikida subplot, Anime News Network criticized
10324-454: The rest of the characters but still felt that his role in the story would appeal more to the fans once he became more active. As the series progressed, Asagiri reflected although the story is about the battle between justice and terrorism with the arrival of the Decay of Angels and Hunting Dogs, it was more specific about the side of justice and who is on the enemy side of evil. He wanted the reader to do whatever he wanted to do based on whether he
10440-418: The reviewer found more interesting. Anime News Network felt that, while initially weak, Atsushi could become, little-by-little, a stronger person, due to the way Dazai guides him. The Fandom Post saw Atsushi as the readers' guide to the series since he was a newcomer whose introduction to the detective agency made it known to the readers as well. His final fight against Akutagawa in the first season received
10556-459: The same structure as affirmative sentences, but with intonation rising at the end. In the formal register, the question particle -ka is added. For example, ii desu ( いいです ) "It is OK" becomes ii desu-ka ( いいですか。 ) "Is it OK?". In a more informal tone sometimes the particle -no ( の ) is added instead to show a personal interest of the speaker: Dōshite konai-no? "Why aren't (you) coming?". Some simple queries are formed simply by mentioning
10672-441: The second half, Screen Mode sung the opening theme titled "Reason Living" while Luck Life once again sung the ending theme titled "Kaze ga Fuku Machi" ( 風が吹く街 , lit. "The city where the wind blows") . An OVA was bundled with the 13th limited edition manga volume, which was released on 31 August 2017. On 21 July 2018, it was announced that the series would receive a third season. The cast and staff would reprise their roles from
10788-493: The series once again took second place in the best television series award behind Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba in the same magazine's awards. In 2023, Bungo Stray Dogs season 5 received Anime Corner's Anime of the Year Award, beating both Attack On Titan: The Final Chapters and Jujutsu Kaisen season 2 . Otaku USA stated that, while Atsushi becomes a hero of the story, he is overshadowed by others whose characters
10904-460: The series would receive a fourth season. The fourth season premiered on 4 January 2023 and ended on 29 March 2023. Screen Mode performed the opening theme "True Story", and Luck Life performed the ending theme "Shirushi" ( しるし ) . On 29 March 2023, it was announced that the series would receive a fifth season. It premiered on 12 July 2023 and ended on 20 September 2023. The opening theme is "Tetsu no Ori" ( 鉄の檻 , lit. "Iron Cell") by Granrodeo, while
11020-474: The series' music. Kazuhiro Wakabayashi was the series' sound director at Glovision . Additionally, Yumiko Kondou was the art director, Yukari Goto was the anime's color designer, Tsuyoshi Kanbayashi was the director of photography and Shigeru Nishiyama was the editor. Granrodeo performed the anime's opening theme, titled "Trash Candy", and Luck Life performed the anime's ending theme, titled "Namae wo Yobu yo" ( 名前を呼ぶよ , lit. "I'll call your name") . The series
11136-501: The series. The Armed Detective Agency ( 武装探偵社 , Busō Tantei-sha ) is an ability user organization focused on solving crimes considered too violent or difficult for the metropolitan police to handle, often involving ability users or the supernatural. They are highly connected in the network of government agencies and military personnel, handling a large amount of classified work. The agency's licensed staff are granted police-like authority. The Port Mafia ( ポートマフィア , Pōto Mafia )
11252-439: The speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. The Japanese writing system combines Chinese characters , known as kanji ( 漢字 , ' Han characters') , with two unique syllabaries (or moraic scripts) derived by the Japanese from the more complex Chinese characters: hiragana ( ひらがな or 平仮名 , 'simple characters') and katakana ( カタカナ or 片仮名 , 'partial characters'). Latin script ( rōmaji ローマ字 )
11368-416: The spin-off manga, Bungo Stray Dogs Wan! , was in production. Satonobu Kikuchi directed the series, with Kazuyuki Fudeyasu handling series composition, Hiromi Daimi designing the characters, and Bones and Nomad handling production. The main cast members reprised their roles. The series aired from 13 January to 31 March 2021 on Tokyo MX , BS11 , MBS , Wowow . On 7 November 2021, it was announced that
11484-797: The state as at the time the constitution was written, many of the elders participating in the process had been educated in Japanese during the South Seas Mandate over the island shown by the 1958 census of the Trust Territory of the Pacific that found that 89% of Palauans born between 1914 and 1933 could speak and read Japanese, but as of the 2005 Palau census there were no residents of Angaur that spoke Japanese at home. Japanese dialects typically differ in terms of pitch accent , inflectional morphology , vocabulary , and particle usage. Some even differ in vowel and consonant inventories, although this
11600-476: The street. (grammatically incorrect insertion of a pronoun) But one can grammatically say essentially the same thing in Japanese: 驚いた彼は道を走っていった。 Transliteration: Odoroita kare wa michi o hashitte itta. (grammatically correct) This is partly because these words evolved from regular nouns, such as kimi "you" ( 君 "lord"), anata "you" ( あなた "that side, yonder"), and boku "I" ( 僕 "servant"). This
11716-426: The target of Ryūnosuke Akutagawa , who is a member of the criminal organization run by Ōgai Mori known as the Port Mafia. Atsushi also recruits the young mafia member Kyoka Izumi upon learning she is being forced to kill. During Atsushi's fights against the mafia, he also meets Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald , the leader of an organisation named the Guild who placed the bounty on his head. Fitzgerald reveals there
11832-568: The topic with an interrogative intonation to call for the hearer's attention: Kore wa? "(What about) this?"; O-namae wa? ( お名前は？ ) "(What's your) name?". Negatives are formed by inflecting the verb. For example, Pan o taberu ( パンを食べる。 ) "I will eat bread" or "I eat bread" becomes Pan o tabenai ( パンを食べない。 ) "I will not eat bread" or "I do not eat bread". Plain negative forms are i -adjectives (see below) and inflect as such, e.g. Pan o tabenakatta ( パンを食べなかった。 ) "I did not eat bread". List of Bungo Stray Dogs characters#The Decay of
11948-419: The two consonants are the moraic nasal followed by a homorganic consonant. Japanese also includes a pitch accent , which is not represented in moraic writing; for example [haꜜ.ɕi] ("chopsticks") and [ha.ɕiꜜ] ("bridge") are both spelled はし ( hashi ) , and are only differentiated by the tone contour. Japanese word order is classified as subject–object–verb . Unlike many Indo-European languages ,
12064-577: The two methods were both used in writing until the 1940s. Bungo still has some relevance for historians, literary scholars, and lawyers (many Japanese laws that survived World War II are still written in bungo , although there are ongoing efforts to modernize their language). Kōgo is the dominant method of both speaking and writing Japanese today, although bungo grammar and vocabulary are occasionally used in modern Japanese for effect. The 1982 state constitution of Angaur , Palau , names Japanese along with Palauan and English as an official language of
12180-472: The two terms (''hyōjungo'' and ''kyōtsūgo'') are almost the same. Hyōjungo or kyōtsūgo is a conception that forms the counterpart of dialect. This normative language was born after the Meiji Restoration ( 明治維新 , meiji ishin , 1868) from the language spoken in the higher-class areas of Tokyo (see Yamanote ). Hyōjungo is taught in schools and used on television and in official communications. It
12296-400: The vampires, eventually leading to Bram having a change of heart and betray Fukuchi. As Fukuzawa manages to defeat Fukuchi, he is revealed to have wanted to rid the world of wars through his methods and is killed by one his underling from the Hunting Dogs. Fyodor is defeated, leaving only an arm after crashing into the prison tower in a helicopter. However, it is revealed that his special ability
12412-407: The verb (e.g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the -k- in the final mora of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form (e.g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ , where modern Japanese just has hayaku , though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu "good morning"; this ending
12528-548: The world. Since Japanese first gained the consideration of linguists in the late 19th century, attempts have been made to show its genealogical relation to languages or language families such as Ainu , Korean , Chinese , Tibeto-Burman , Uralic , Altaic (or Ural-Altaic ), Austroasiatic , Austronesian and Dravidian . At the fringe, some linguists have even suggested a link to Indo-European languages , including Greek , or to Sumerian . Main modern theories try to link Japanese either to northern Asian languages, like Korean or
12644-535: Was based on 12- to 20-second-long recordings of 135 to 244 phonemes , which 42 students listened to and translated word-for-word. The listeners were all Keio University students who grew up in the Kanto region . There are some language islands in mountain villages or isolated islands such as Hachijō-jima island , whose dialects are descended from Eastern Old Japanese . Dialects of the Kansai region are spoken or known by many Japanese, and Osaka dialect in particular
12760-718: Was imported to Japan from Baekje around the start of the fifth century, alongside Buddhism. The earliest texts were written in Classical Chinese , although some of these were likely intended to be read as Japanese using the kanbun method, and show influences of Japanese grammar such as Japanese word order. The earliest text, the Kojiki , dates to the early eighth century, and was written entirely in Chinese characters, which are used to represent, at different times, Chinese, kanbun , and Old Japanese. As in other texts from this period,
12876-409: Was inspired by Shūsaku Endō 's story Ryūgaku . In particular, Osamu Dazai was used as a major character after reading his book No Longer Human ; in the story, Dazai expresses his embarrassment involving his entire life which the author found relatable. Impressed with this work, Asagiri decided to make his own take on Osamu Dazai stand out among the readers. After Dazai, the next writer chosen to make
12992-465: Was lost immediately following its composition.) This set of morae shrank to 67 in Early Middle Japanese , though some were added through Chinese influence. Man'yōgana also has a symbol for /je/ , which merges with /e/ before the end of the period. Several fossilizations of Old Japanese grammatical elements remain in the modern language – the genitive particle tsu (superseded by modern no )
13108-475: Was released in Japan in January 2022. The story focuses on a young adult named Atsushi Nakajima , who is the main character. After being kicked out of his orphanage, Atsushi saves a detective named Osamu Dazai , believing he was drowning in the river while his actual intention was suicide. From Dazai, Atsushi learns he is a gifted with a supernatural ability capable of transforming him into a berserker white tiger in
13224-402: Was split into two halves: the first half, containing twelve episodes, premiered on 7 April 2016 and ended on 23 June 2016, being broadcast on Tokyo MX , Teletama , Chiba TV , tvk , GBS (Gifu Broadcasting), Mie TV, SUN , TVQ Kyushu , and BS11 . The second half, also containing twelve episodes, premiered on 6 October 2016 and ended on 22 December 2016. Crunchyroll streamed the series. As for
13340-432: Was to be included on either side. Sango Harukawa provided Asagiri with designs which helped the writer write the stories easier. Asagiri stated that the designs of Atsushi and Dazai were done to contrast each other although there were some revisions done in the making of the series. The light novels were also written with the idea of having more books released per year. The lives of more writers inspired Asagiri, most notably
13456-403: Was written as an assassin who wants to escape from the work from the Port Mafia and instead becomes Atsushi's partner in the Detective Agency. While Kyoka Izumi is unable to leave her past behind, she tries to appeal to the readers with her new way of living which was written to be relatable. Villains are often written to be relatable despite their horrible actions too. Francis Scott Fitzgerald from
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