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Roswell Railroad

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The Roswell Railroad was a 3 ft ( 914 mm ) narrow gauge railroad that ran from south of Roswell , Georgia to Chamblee from 1881 until 1921, after which the tracks were removed. The railroad served as a passenger and freight carrier.

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36-561: Some accounts say the railroad had only a single combination passenger coach and baggage car, two box cars and four flat cars. Since Roswell was a textile manufacturing town, the line would have brought in cotton and dry goods and shipped textile and farming products. The Roswell terminus was located south of the Chattahoochee River near Roberts Drive and connected to the Atlanta and Charlotte Air Line Railway at its Chamblee terminus. At

72-649: A much smaller and more localized scale, including Bull Sluice Lake , which is held by the Morgan Falls Dam . This dam was built by the Georgia Railway and Power Company in 1902 to provide electric power for the Atlanta trolley system, which has long since been replaced by other forms of transportation. At various points, the Chattahoochee serves as the boundary between several counties and cities, as well as forming

108-683: Is a river in the Southeastern United States . It forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida and Georgia border. It is a tributary of the Apalachicola River , a relatively short river formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers and emptying from Florida into Apalachicola Bay in the Gulf of Mexico . The Chattahoochee River

144-663: Is about 430 miles (690 km) long. The Chattahoochee, Flint, and Apalachicola rivers together make up the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin ( ACF River Basin ). The Chattahoochee makes up the largest part of the ACF's drainage basin . The source of the Chattahoochee River is located in Jacks Gap at the southeastern foot of Jacks Knob , in the very southeastern corner of Union County , in

180-511: The Battle of Atlanta , Shoup talked with Johnston on June 18, 1864, about building fortifications. Johnston agreed, and Shoup supervised the building of 36 small elevated earth and wooden triangular fortifications, arranged in a sawtooth pattern to maximize the crossfire of defenders. Sherman tried to avoid the Shoupade defenses by crossing the river to the northeast. The nine remaining Shoupades consist of

216-609: The Fall Line , as well as creating the longest urban whitewater course in the world. Several large manmade reservoirs , including Lanier , Lake Eufaula , West Point , and George W. Andrews , lakes are controlled by the United States Army Corps of Engineers . The dams and reservoirs were developed following legislation by Congress of the mid-1940s for flood control , domestic and industrial water, hydroelectricity , recreation, and improved navigation for river barges. Most of

252-503: The Chattahoochee River is commemorated in the poem "The Song of the Chattahoochee" (1877), by the noted Georgian poet Sidney Lanier . Lake Lanier on the Chattahoochee is named for him. Country music artist Alan Jackson released his song " Chattahoochee " in 1993 as a single off his album A Lot About Livin' (And a Little 'bout Love) (the name of the album being the last line of the aforementioned song's chorus). "Chattahoochee" received Country Music Association awards for Single of

288-606: The Cobb and Fulton county lines in metropolitan Atlanta, are nine remaining fortifications nicknamed "Shoupades" that were part of a defensive line occupied by the Confederate Army in early July 1864. Designed by Confederate Brigadier General Francis A. Shoup , the line became known as Johnston's River Line after Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . A month prior to

324-784: The Hollis Quartzite of the Pine Mountain belt, and must have established its current course prior to uplift of those units. At the mouth of the Chattahoochee-Flint-Apalachicola River system, in the Apalachicola River delta, the geologic history of the delta can be traced at least as far back as the Miocene . The vicinity of the Chattahoochee River was inhabited in prehistoric times by indigenous peoples since at least 1000 BC. The Kolomoki Mounds , now protected in

360-672: The Kolomoki Mounds Historic Park near present-day Blakely in Early County , southwest Georgia, were built between 350 AD and 650 AD and constitute the largest mound complex in the state. The Chattahoochee River was of considerable strategic importance during the Atlanta Campaign by Union General William Tecumseh Sherman of the American Civil War . Between the tributaries of Proctor Creek and Nickajack Creek on

396-502: The Lake Walter F. George and Andrews Dams. All other locations have observations only. Tributary creeks , streams , and rivers , as well as lakes, along with the county they are in: Note that the above list is incomplete, and that each item is not in the exact order in which it joins the Chattahoochee. (For confluences now inundated by lakes, it may be impossible to determine from current maps exactly where they were.) The beauty of

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432-507: The September 2009 floods included the following: The second most recent major flood along the river occurred during the 2009 Georgia floods , with 28.10 feet (8.56 m) of water recorded at Vinings at the northwestern Atlanta city limit. The flood was over 5 feet (1.5 m) higher than the previous flood recorded in September 2004, as a result of Hurricane Fred . Numerous tributaries also swelled far over and beyond their banks. These were

468-456: The South Roswell terminus, a bridge was planned, but never built. About 1/2 mile upstream, an old wagon road ran just west of the current River Landing Drive and Grimes Bridge Landing to connect to current day Grimes Bridge and Oxbo Roads and approached the textile mills from the north. Unfortunately, much of the old roadbed was destroyed when Fulton County installed a sewer line. Ike Roberts

504-497: The Year and Song of the Year. Composer Juan María Solare wrote a piano piece called Chattahoochee River , technically a slow blues with a central faster section. Jacks Knob Jacks Knob is a mountain located on the border of Towns County and Union County , Georgia , with a peak elevation of 3,813 feet. The Appalachian Trail crosses the southern flank of the mountain and Jacks Knob Trail ends here at an intersection with

540-571: The alternating freshwater and saltwater flows that the river and the tides provide. The amount of flow in the Chattahoochee has also been decreased by interbasin water transfers, where water is withdrawn from the Chattahoochee, but discharged as treated sewage water into another river, such as the Oconee River , which flow to the Atlantic Seaboard via the Altamaha River . Interest groups and

576-430: The city named after them). Although the same river, this portion was given a different name by separated settlers in different regions during the colonial times. The name Chattahoochee is thought to come from a Muskogee word meaning "rocks-marked" (or "painted"), from chato ("rock") plus huchi ("marked"). This possibly refers to the many colorful granite outcroppings along the northeast-to-southwest segment of

612-591: The closing of the line. His home still remains on Roberts Drive (his namesake in the Sandy Springs community). As there was no facility to turn around in (South) Roswell, the engine traveled in reverse on the return trip to Chamblee. The Roswell Railroad operated as an independent road until, in 1894, it was absorbed into the newly created Southern Railway . They had one narrow gauge steam locomotive numbered 815, an 0-6-0 -arranged Baldwin 1878 steamer named "Buck" (builder construction number 4321). In 1894, Buck

648-436: The earthworks portion of the original earth and wooden structures; they are endangered by land development in the area. Two of the last battles of the war, West Point and Columbus took place at strategically important crossings of the Chattahoochee. Since the nineteenth century, early improvements and alterations to the river were for the purposes of navigation. The river was important for carrying trade and passengers and

684-474: The highest water levels seen since 1990, and the second-highest ever since the large Buford Dam was built upstream. The National Weather Service in Peachtree City estimated that this was a 500-year flood event. The main stream gauges are located: Water-level forecasts are regularly issued only at Vinings and Atlanta. Forecasts are issued only during high water at Norcross, Whitesburg, West Point, and

720-409: The historically majority-Native American settlement of Oketeyeconne, Georgia . The lakes were complete in 1963, covering over numerous historic and prehistoric sites of settlement. Beginning in the late twentieth century, the nonprofit organization called " Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper " has advocated for the preservation of the environment and ecology of the northern part of the river, especially

756-472: The lakes were completed by 1963. Numerous historic and prehistoric sites were covered over by the lakes during the flooding of the reservoirs, including Oketeyconne, Georgia. The Georgia Power Company also owns a small series of dams along the middle portion of the river (the Columbus area) between West Point Lake and Lake Walter F. George. Several smaller and older lakes and dams also provide these services on

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792-557: The lower half of the boundary between Alabama and Georgia. Within Georgia, it divides: Atlanta is built upon the crest of a large ridge, rather than in the floodplain of the river. This has contributed to the preservation of much of the natural scenic beauty of the section that runs through metropolitan Atlanta. North of the metropolis, the Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area protects other portions of

828-569: The overlying Eutaw Formation record an estuarine environment in approximately the same location, suggesting a persistent paleodrainage system in the vicinity of the modern Chattahoochee for at least 10-20 million years during the Late Cretaceous. North of the Fall Line, in the Piedmont of Georgia and Alabama, the course of the Chattahoochee River cuts across prominent, resistant rock layers, including

864-531: The part traversing Metropolitan Atlanta . In 2010, a campaign to create a whitewater river course was launched in the portion of the Chattahoochee River that runs through Columbus, Georgia. Between 2010 and 2013, construction took place on the river, the Eagle and Phenix and City Mills Dams were breached and a 2.5 mile Whitewater Course was formed in Uptown, Columbus. The project returned the river to its natural path across

900-561: The river water. A lawsuit has been filed in the case to reduce priorities given to navigation. The lawsuit is now in court, and may take years to resolve. The most recent major flooding of the Chattahoochee River took place in November 2009. This was caused by torrential rains from Tropical Storm Ida as it tore through the Georgia Piedmont. Downstream from Roswell, the Chattahoochee River remained in moderate flood stage. Streams affected by

936-529: The river's banks. Farther south, it merges with the Flint River and other tributaries at Lake Seminole near Bainbridge , to form the Apalachicola River that flows into the Florida Panhandle . The Chattahoochee River ends in the city of Chattahoochee, FL . From there, the same river is then named Apalachicola River, which ends (106 miles away) in the city of Apalachicola, FL (meaning both rivers end in

972-482: The river, there has been increasing controversy since the late twentieth century related to competing development among the regions and the implications for the river. The enormous growth of metropolitan Atlanta has increased its water withdrawals from the river. This has effects downstream. For example, the oysters in the Apalachicola Bay of Florida depend on the brackish water mixture of river and ocean water, and

1008-532: The river. Much of that segment of the river runs through the Brevard fault zone . The current course of the Chattahoochee River has a geologic history that extends back in time at least 100 million years. A Late Cretaceous system of paleovalleys incised into the Coastal Plain unconformity in the vicinity of Columbus, Georgia is infilled with fluvial sands and gravels of the lower Tuscaloosa Formation . Younger rocks of

1044-429: The riverbanks in a region that is spread across several disconnected areas. The river traverses much of Atlanta's hilly topography of the northern suburbs. Wealthy suburban communities in northern metro Atlanta that abut the river include: Vinings , Buckhead , Sandy Springs , East Cobb , Roswell , Dunwoody , Peachtree Corners , Duluth , Johns Creek , and Berkeley Lake . Since three states have needs related to

1080-756: The southern Blue Ridge Mountains , a subrange of the Appalachian Mountains . The headwaters of the river flow south from ridges that form the Tennessee Valley Divide . The Appalachian Trail crosses the river's uppermost headwaters. The Chattahoochee's source and upper course lie within Chattahoochee National Forest . From its source in the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Chattahoochee River flows southwesterly to Atlanta and through its suburbs . It eventually turns due-south to form

1116-599: The southern half of the Georgia/Alabama state line. Flowing through a series of reservoirs and artificial lakes, it flows by Columbus , the second-largest city in Georgia, and the Fort Moore Army base. At Columbus, it crosses the Fall Line of the eastern United States. From Lake Oliver to Fort Moore, the Chattahoochee Riverwalk provides cycling, rollerblading, and walking along 15 miles (24 km) of

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1152-435: The state of Florida have asked the U.S. Congress to intervene to reduce the priority given to put navigation of the lower Chattahoochee, south of Columbus, by river barge. This requirement causes large water withdrawals, which environmental supporters consider a waste of water needed to support habitats, especially during droughts. The navigation issue has aggravated the fight between Georgia, Florida, and Alabama over rights to

1188-611: Was a major transportation route. In the twentieth century, the United States Congress passed legislation in 1944 and 1945 to improve navigation for commercial traffic on the river, as well as to establish hydroelectric power and recreational facilities on a series of lakes to be created by building dams and establishing reservoirs. Creating the manmade, 46,000-acre Walter F. George Lake also known as Lake Eufaula, in Eufaula, Alabama, required evacuating numerous communities, including

1224-480: Was an employee of Southern Railway at the time the company decided to create the Roswell Railroad. Roberts participated in the grading and track laying for this new line. He also purchased 650 acres (2.6305 km) of land at the northern terminus, built a train station, and leased it to Southern. After completion of the line, he stayed on as the engineer and was the only person that worked in that capacity until

1260-551: Was built to bring in building materials. Later the Southern purchased this line and it became the Morgan Falls Branch. The Bull Sluice used a steamer named "Dinkey". In 1905, the line hauled U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to Roswell to visit Bulloch Hall , the childhood home of his mother Martha Bulloch Roosevelt . [1] Chattahoochee River The Chattahoochee River ( / ˌ tʃ æ t ə ˈ h uː tʃ i / )

1296-685: Was renumbered N815 in the Southern numbering system. In 1905, the line was converted to 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 1,435 mm ) standard gauge and Buck was sold to the S.I.&E. Co. In 1902, the Bull Sluice Railroad built a 2.7-mile (4.3 km) line from a junction with the Roswell Branch, just north of Dunwoody, to the Georgia Railway and Power Company 's construction site for its hydroelectric Morgan Falls Dam (built to supply electricity to Atlanta 's streetcar system, and creating Bull Sluice Lake ). The line

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