Twin cities are a special case of two neighboring cities or urban centres that grow into a single conurbation – or narrowly separated urban areas – over time. There are no formal criteria, but twin cities are generally comparable in status and size, though not necessarily equal; a city and a substantially smaller suburb would not typically qualify, even if they were once separate. Tri-cities and quad cities are similar phenomena involving three or four municipalities.
22-425: Bryan–College Station is a metropolitan area centering on the twin cities of Bryan and College Station, Texas , in the Brazos Valley region of Texas. The 2010 census placed the population of the three-county metropolitan area at 255,519. The 2019 population estimate was 273,101. The area's economic and social life is centered on the main campus of Texas A&M University College Station . The area
44-658: A commonly used name for the part of Wuhan urban area north of the Yangtze and Han Rivers. The name was long preserved in the name of the old Hankou Railway Station (also known as Dazhimen Station ), the original terminal of the Jinghan Railway . After the old Dazhimen station closed in 1991, the Hankou name was transferred to the new Hankou Railway Station , which opened in 1991 at a new location, farther away from central city. Railway passengers traveling to Wuhan need to purchase tickets to
66-740: A particular station: the Hankou Railway Station, the Wuchang Railway Station (near central Wuchang, on the right bank of the Yangtze), or the new Wuhan Railway Station (which opened in 2009, also on the right bank, but a long distance from the historical Wuchang). Nonetheless, Hankou is no longer the name of an administrative unit (e.g., a district ), because its area now falls mostly within Jiang'an District , Jianghan District , and Qiaokou District . That contrasts with Wuchang and Hanyang ,
88-683: A single legal municipality, such as Buda and Pest merging in 1873 into Budapest , Hungary; Brooklyn being annexed by New York City in 1898; or the three ancient cities of Hankou , Hanyang , and Wuchang joining in 1927 into Wuhan . As a single urban area, twin cities may share an airport whose airport codes include both cities' initials, e.g., DFW ( Dallas–Fort Worth ), LBA ( Leeds – Bradford ), MSP ( Minneapolis–Saint Paul ), RDU ( Raleigh and Durham ), and CAK ( Akron – Canton ). Hankou Hankou , alternately romanized as Hankow ( simplified Chinese : 汉口 ; traditional Chinese : 漢口 ; pinyin : Hànkǒu ),
110-457: Is popularly known as "Aggieland" based on the Aggies nickname for the university's sports teams and students. The College Station–Bryan, TX metropolitan statistical area (MSA) encompasses three counties: Brazos , Burleson , and Robertson . The College Station–Bryan MSA encompasses 2,123 sq mi (5,524 km2) of area, of which 2,100 sq mi (5,439 km2) is land and 33.5 sq mi (87 km2) is water. As of
132-567: Is the main port of Hubei Province and the single largest port in the middle reaches of Yangtze . The city's name literally means " Mouth of the Han", from its position at the confluence of the Han with the Yangtze River . The name appears in a Tang dynasty poem by Liu Zhangqing . Other historical names for the city include Xiakou ( 夏口 ), Miankou ( 沔口 ), and Lukou ( 魯口 ). Hankou, from
154-679: Is two cities that developed concurrently on opposite sides of a river. For example, Minneapolis and Saint Paul in Minnesota – one of the most widely known pairs of "Twin Cities" – were founded several miles apart on opposite sides of the Mississippi River , and competed for prominence as they grew. In some cases, twin cities are separated by a state border, such as Albury ( New South Wales ) and Wodonga ( Victoria ) in Australia, on opposite sides of
176-566: The Chengdu area (part of Operation Matterhorn ). On 19 August 1945, a group of enraged Chinese civilians and soldiers massacred 26 Japanese soldiers in the Hankou reprisal massacre . The government of Vichy France relinquished the French concession in 1943, and the restored French Republic relinquished it formally in 1946. The Japanese concession came to an end with the surrender of Japan in 1945. Before
198-682: The Ming to late Qing , was under the administration of the local government in Hanyang , although it was already one of the four major national markets ( zh:四大名镇 ) in Ming dynasty. It was not until 1899 that Zhang Zhidong decided to separate Hankou from Hanyang. Hankou was then divided into four districts, which are Juren, Youyi, Xunli, and Dazhi ( 居仁、由義、循禮、大智 ). Some of the names can still be found in modern-day Wuhan, where there are geographical names such as Xunlimen , Jurenmen, and Dazhimen. By 1900, this boom town on
220-706: The Murray River . In Pakistan , Islamabad and Rawalpindi are twin cities located in northwestern Punjab region with Islamabad, administratively being part of the Islamabad Capital Territory , and Rawalpindi, part of the province of Punjab . Cities on opposite sides of international borders sometimes share enough cultural and historical identity to be seen as twins, such as Haparanda ( Sweden ) and Tornio ( Finland ), Leticia ( Colombia ) and Tabatinga ( Brazil ), or Valga ( Estonia ) and Valka ( Latvia ). In some cases twin cities eventually merge into
242-695: The Republic of China and replace the Qing dynasty led to the involvement of Hankou in the struggle between Hubei revolutionary forces and the Qing army, led by Yuan Shikai . Although the revolution began in Wuchang with a revolt started by members of the New Army , revolutionaries quickly captured major strategic cities and towns throughout the province, including Hankou on October 12. The Qing dynasty army recaptured Hankou later, but as
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#1733085248889264-718: The Chinese government as the First and the Second Special Area. In 1862, Russian tea merchants arrived in the British concession of Hankou. Russians in Hankou established four factories using assembly lines and machinery to produce brick tea, and became the city's richest industrialists in what would become the Russian concession. Early in 1927, the British concession was occupied in the course of
286-647: The Communist Revolution, Hankou was the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hankou , covering the province of Hubei. The dioceses in Wuchang , Hanyang and elsewhere in the province were subordinated to it. In the 1930s, the airports served in Hankow were Wuhan Wangjiadun Airport and Wuhan Nanhu. Wangjiadun served as a civil and military base until 2007 while Nanhu, on the other hand, shut down while Tianhe Airport opened in 1995. "Hankou" remains
308-717: The Third Special Area. In the 1920s and 30s, Hankou was one of the Yangtze River ports patrolled by the US Navy to maintain US interests in the area ( Yangtze Patrol .) Hankou was flooded in the 1931 China floods . Hankou was captured by the Japanese invaders in 1938 ( Battle of Wuhan ). An important logistical center, the city was heavily bombed in December 1944 by the US aircraft based in
330-568: The Yangtze was referred to as "the Chicago of China" by the media back then. In 1926, Hankou was officially established as a city, where its municipal government was built in Jianghan district . In the same year, the Northern Expedition reached Hankou, and merged Hankou with adjacent Wuchang and Hanyang to make it the seat of the national capital, Wuhan. But in 1927, when Nanjing succeeded in
352-446: The census of 2020, there were 268,248 people, 95,194 households, and 55,487 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 60.71% White (non-Hispanic White 53.61%), 10.63% African American , 0.69% Native American , 5.52% Asian , 0.09% Pacific Islander , 9.84% from other races , and 3.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race were 26.21% of
374-620: The communists arrived in Hankou on May 16. Hankou was the destination on the escape route of groups of missionaries fleeing the Boxers in the Northern provinces around 1900. The flight of some missionaries from the T'ai-yüan massacre in Shan-si is recorded in the work A Thousand Miles of Miracle in China , by Reverend A E Glover, one of the fleeing missionaries. On 10 October 1911, a revolution to establish
396-423: The fight to be the national capital, Wuhan was returned to its original form, with Hankou being again a city by itself. This time Hankou was established as a "Special Municipality," which resembles a direct-controlled municipality in present day. Before 1949, Hankou has shifted between being a special municipality and a provincial city. In 1949, Hankou was finally merged with Hanyang and Wuchang to become Wuhan, when
418-416: The population. The median income for a household in the MSA was $ 30,339 and the median income for a family was $ 40,442. Males had a median income of $ 30,818 versus $ 21,951 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $ 15,847. 30°38′00″N 96°20′26″W / 30.633468°N 96.340556°W / 30.633468; -96.340556 Twin cities A common – but not universal – scenario
440-631: The revolution spread throughout China, eventually the town and the province came under control of the Republic of China. Hankou used to have five foreign concessions belonging to the United Kingdom (115 acres (47 ha), est. 1862), France (60 acres (24 ha), est. 1886), Russia (60 acres (24 ha), est. 1886), Germany (100 acres (40 ha), est. 1895) and Japan (32 acres (13 ha), est. 1898). The German and Russian concessions ended in 1917 and 1920 respectively and those areas were administered by
462-472: The revolutionary troubles that accompanied the Northern Expedition when the Chinese Kuomintang forces occupied the concession and showed no intention of withdrawing. The Chen-O'Malley Agreement of February 1927 provided for a combined British-Chinese administration of the concession and in 1929 the British concession formally came to an end. From then on it was administered by the Chinese authorities as
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#1733085248889484-447: Was one of the three towns (the other two were Wuchang and Hanyang ) merged to become modern-day Wuhan city, the capital of the Hubei province, China . It stands north of the Han and Yangtze Rivers where the Han flows into the Yangtze. Hankou is connected by bridges to its triplet sister towns Hanyang (between Han and Yangtze) and Wuchang (on the southern side of the Yangtze). Hankou
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