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32-487: The summit elevation of Brundage is 7,640 feet (2,330 m) above sea level , with an overall vertical drop of 1,800 feet (550 m). Five chairlifts serve the 1,500 acres (6.1 km) of primarily west-facing terrain, overlooking New Meadows , Adams County , and past the Snake River into eastern Oregon . The area's annual snowfall is 300–350 inches (760–890 cm). The summit of Brundage Mountain straddles

64-510: A geographic location is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid , a mathematical model of the Earth 's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic datum § Vertical datum ). The term elevation is mainly used when referring to points on the Earth's surface, while altitude or geopotential height is used for points above

96-610: A Ford Model A . Wallace "Bunny" Bertram took it over for the second season, improved the operation, renamed it from Ski-Way to Ski Tow , and eventually moved it to what became the eastern fringe of Vermont's major southern ski areas, a regional resort still operating as Saskadena Six . Their relative simplicity made tows widespread and contributed to an explosion of the sport in the United States and Europe. Before tows, only people willing to walk uphill could ski. Suddenly relatively nonathletic people could participate, greatly increasing

128-404: A double chairlift , T-bar , and a rope tow . The lift tickets were priced at a then-lofty five dollars, similar to Sun Valley's rates; Engen stayed on as resort manager until 1970. The original A-frame lodge was expanded with a two-story addition in the fall of 1971, and lift tickets went up fifty cents, to $ 5.50. A second double chairlift, Brundage Creek, was added in 1976, in parallel with

160-439: A hill. The grade of this style of tow is limited by passenger grip strength and the fact that sheaves (pulleys that support the rope above the ground) cannot be used. A development of the simple rope tow is the handle tow (or pony lift ), where plastic or metal handles are permanently attached to the rope. These handles are easier to grip than a rope, making the ski lift easier to ride. Steeper, faster and longer tows require

192-416: A series of pulleys to support the rope at waist height and hence require the use of some sort of "tow gripper". Several were designed and used in the 1930s and 40s, but the most successful was the "nutcracker" attached to a harness around the hips. To this is attached a clamp, much like the nutcracker from which it derives its name, which the rider attaches to the rope. This eliminates the need to hold on to

224-566: A single high-speed detachable quad , the Blue Bird Express , which ascended to the summit in a rapid seven minutes. In April 2006, the J.R. Simplot Company sold its 50% interest in Brundage Mountain to the ski area's long-time co-owner, the DeBoer family. (Diane (Brown) DeBoer is the daughter of co-founder Warren Brown.) That August, a long-anticipated land trade with U.S. Forest Service

256-521: Is a type of cable transport for snow sports in which skiers and snowboarders remain on the ground as they are pulled uphill. While they were once prevalent, they have been overtaken in popularity by higher-capacity and higher-comfort aerial lifts , such as chairlifts and gondola lifts . Today, surface lifts are most often found on beginner slopes, small ski areas , and peripheral slopes. They are also often used to access glacier ski slopes because their supports can be anchored in glacier ice due to

288-495: Is defined by the ICAO as the highest point of the landing area. It is often measured in feet and can be found in approach charts of the aerodrome. It is not to be confused with terms such as the altitude or height. GIS or geographic information system is a computer system that allows for visualizing, manipulating, capturing, and storage of data with associated attributes. GIS offers better understanding of patterns and relationships of

320-425: Is developing a 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) to keep up with growing needs for high quality topographic data. 3DEP is a collection of enhanced elevation data in the form of high quality LiDAR data over the conterminous United States, Hawaii, and the U.S. territories. There are three bare earth DEM layers in 3DEP which are nationally seamless at the resolution of 1/3, 1, and 2 arcseconds. Ski tow A surface lift

352-508: The Centennial base area to a ridge above the main base area. A platter lift which served the expert Race Course and easier runs was removed. A small lodge, The Bear Den , was added at the top of the lift. Excluding the Easy Street chair, total uphill capacity for the area was increased from 3,100 to 6,700 riders per hour. Future expansion plans at Brundage Mountain include a chairlift to

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384-632: The Ski Hoist at Charlotte Pass in Australia dating from 1938. The first T-bar lift in the United States was installed in 1940 at the Pico Mountain ski area. It was considered a great improvement over the rope tow . An earlier T-bar was installed at Rib Mountain (now Granite Peak Ski Area ), Wisconsin, in 1937. In recent years, J-bars are no longer used in most ski areas. Some operators have combined T-bar and platter lifts, attaching both types of hanger to

416-478: The appeal of the sport. Within five years, more than 100 tow ropes were operating in North America. A rope tow consists of a cable or rope running through a bullwheel (large horizontal pulley) at the bottom and one at the top, powered by an engine at one end. In the simplest case, a rope tow is where passengers grab hold of a rope and are pulled along while standing on their skis or snowboards and are pulled up

448-414: The cable, giving skiers and snowboarders a choice. Hangers designed to tow sledges uphill are installed on some slopes by operators, and some operators convert hangers in the summer to tow cyclists uphill. A variant of the platter lift is the detachable surface lift, commonly known as a “ Poma lift” , after the company which introduced them. Unlike most other platter lifts, which are similar to T-bars with

480-423: The county line with Valley County to the east, in which McCall lies. Brundage also offers backcountry powder skiing on 190 km (73 sq mi) of terrain north of the lift-served ski area, serviced by snow cats . Half-day, full-day, and two-day trips are available to areas including Granite Mountain at 8,478 ft (2,584 m) and Slab Mountain at 8,225 feet (2,507 m). The two-day trip spends

512-406: The grip attaches to the cable, the passenger's acceleration is lessened by the spring-loaded pole. A magic carpet is a conveyor belt installed at the level of the snow. Some include a canopy or tunnel. Passengers slide onto the belt at the base of the hill and stand with skis or snowboard facing forward. The moving belt pulls the passengers uphill. At the top, the belt pushes the passengers onto

544-579: The landscape at different scales. Tools inside the GIS allow for manipulation of data for spatial analysis or cartography. A topographical map is the main type of map used to depict elevation, often through contour lines . In a Geographic Information System (GIS), digital elevation models (DEM) are commonly used to represent the surface (topography) of a place, through a raster (grid) dataset of elevations. Digital terrain models are another way to represent terrain in GIS. USGS (United States Geologic Survey)

576-415: The lower forces and realigned due to glacier movement. Surface lifts have some disadvantages compared to aerial lifts: they require more passenger skill and may be difficult for some beginners (especially snowboarders, whose boards point at an angle different than the direction of travel) and children; sometimes they lack a suitable route back to the piste; the snow surface must be continuous; they can get in

608-433: The night in a mountain yurt . These areas are among the highest average snowfalls in the state. Brundage is accessed from State Highway 55 via the turnoff to Goose Lake Road, four miles (6 km) west of central McCall. Goose Lake Road climbs slightly over 1000 vertical feet (300 m) in four miles (6 km) when it diverts to the ski area's parking lot, at an elevation of just over 6,000 feet (1,830 m). During

640-538: The north, serving the 7,803-foot (2,378 m) summit of Sargent's Mountain (formerly known as "Brundage Mountain"). The new chair will open new expert terrain and reach 163 feet (50 m) higher than the present summit, the top of the Blue Bird Express quad. The owners of Brundage Mountain have also received approval from Adams County for a PUD on the private land in the base area. That will allow for future construction of ski-in/ski-out lodging and expanded base area facilities. Elevation The elevation of

672-420: The original Pioneer. The Centennial triple chairlift was added in 1990 to the southern edge of the terrain, which increased the area's terrain by 30% and added 200 feet (60 m) of vertical drop by lowering the base. The Easy Street chairlift was installed at the beginner area in 1994, adding a lower parking lot at its base. The parallel double chairlifts were replaced 27 years ago in the summer of 1997 by

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704-515: The passengers uphill while they ski or snowboard across the ground. Platter lifts are often referred to as button lifts, and may occasionally feature rigid poles instead of recoiling cables. The modern J-bar and T-bar mechanism was invented in 1934 by the Swiss engineer Ernst Constam, with the first lift installed in Davos, Switzerland . J-bars were installed in the 1930s in North America and Australia, with

736-422: The rope are a series of vertical recoiling cables, each attached to a horizontal J- or T-shaped bar – which is placed behind the skier's buttocks or between the snowboarder's legs – or a plastic button or platter that is placed between the skier's legs. Snowboarders place the platter behind the top of their front leg or in front of their chest under their rear arm and hold it in position with their hands. These pull

768-499: The rope directly. This system was used on many fields worldwide from the 1940s, and remains popular at 'club fields', especially in New Zealand . This type of ski lift is often referred to as a nutcracker tow. J-bar , T-bar , and platter lifts are employed for low-capacity slopes in large resorts and small local areas. These consist of an aerial cable loop running over a series of wheels, powered by an engine at one end. Hanging from

800-482: The snow and they slide away. They are easier to use than T-bar lifts and Poma lifts. Magic carpets are limited to shallow grades due to their dependence on friction between the carpet and the bottom of the ski or board. Their slow speed, limited distance, and capacity confines them to beginner and novice areas. The longest carpet lift is a Sunkid carpet lift, 400-metre-long (1,300 ft), installed at Alpine Centre, Bottrop , Germany . Some other notable examples are

832-560: The stick attached to a spring box by a retractable cord, Poma lifts have a detachable grip to the tow cable with the button connected to the grip by a semi-rigid pole. Platters return to the bottom station, detach from the cable, and are stored on a rail until a skier slides the platter forwards to use it. Most detachable surface lifts operate at speeds of around 4 m/s (13 ft/s; 8.9 mph; 14 km/h), while platters and T-bars can operate up to 3.0 m/s (9.8 ft/s; 6.7 mph; 11 km/h), although are generally slower. When

864-546: The summer months, Brundage has chairlift-served mountain biking on over twenty miles (32 km) of specially built single-track trails. In the late 1950s, alpine skiers in the McCall area had just the Little Ski Hill , with its modest 405-foot (123 m) vertical drop. Bogus Basin near Boise was over three hours away (in good conditions) by vehicle, and Sun Valley was considerably farther. One of these McCall skiers

896-424: The surface, such as an aircraft in flight or a spacecraft in orbit, and depth is used for points below the surface. Elevation is not to be confused with the distance from the center of the Earth. Due to the equatorial bulge , the summits of Mount Everest and Chimborazo have, respectively, the largest elevation and the largest geocentric distance. In aviation, the term elevation or aerodrome elevation

928-646: The way of skiable terrain; they are relatively slow in speed and have lower capacity. Surface lifts have some advantages over aerial lifts: they can be exited before the lift reaches the top, they can often continue operating in wind conditions too strong for a chairlift; they require less maintenance and are much less expensive to install and operate. The first surface lift was built in 1908 by German Robert Winterhalder in Schollach / Eisenbach , Hochschwarzwald , Germany, and started operations February 14, 1908. A steam-powered toboggan tow, 950 feet (290 m) in length,

960-500: Was Boise agribusiness tycoon J.R. Simplot (1909–2008), who had a vacation home on Payette Lake . Financed by Simplot , the Brundage Mountain project took shape under the guidance of longtime McCall resident, Warren Brown (1912–2000) and ski legend Corey Engen (1916–2006). A former Olympian and instructor at the Little Ski Hill , Engen laid out the trails on the mountain during the summer of 1961. Favorable snowfall allowed Brundage to open on Thanksgiving on November 23, with

992-619: Was built in Truckee, California , in 1910. The first skier-specific tow in North America was apparently installed in 1933 by Alec Foster at Shawbridge in the Laurentians outside Montreal , Quebec . The Shawbridge tow was quickly copied at Woodstock, Vermont , in New England , in 1934 by Bob and Betty Royce, proprietors of the White Cupboard Inn. Their tow was driven by the rear wheel of

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1024-655: Was completed. It gave Brundage Mountain the ownership of 388 acres (1.57 km) around its base area, allowing the opportunity for future resort development. In return, the USFS gained important private in-holdings in the Payette National Forest . In 2007, Brundage invested more than $ 3 million to install two new fixed-grip triple chairlifts, Lakeview and The Bear . The Lakeview lift opened up 160 acres (0.6 km) of south-facing terrain, with sweeping views of Payette Lake, McCall, and Valley County. The Bear connects

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