21-579: Earl of Cardigan is a title in the Peerage of England that was created by Charles II in 1661 for Thomas Brudenell, 1st Baron Brudenell , and the title has been held since 1868 by the Marquesses of Ailesbury . Since that time, it has been used as a courtesy title by the heir apparent to that Marquessate, currently Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, Earl of Cardigan , only son of the 9th Marquess. The Brudenell family descends from Sir Robert Brudenell , Chief Justice of
42-732: A single Peerage of Great Britain . There are five peerages in the United Kingdom in total. English Peeresses obtained their first seats in the House of Lords under the Peerage Act 1963 from which date until the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 all Peers of England could sit in the House of Lords . The ranks of the English peerage are, in descending order, duke , marquess , earl , viscount , and baron . While most newer English peerages descend only in
63-513: Is used as a courtesy title by the heirs apparent to the Marquessate. The family seat Deene Park was not united with the marquessate but was passed down to Commodore Lord Robert Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, the second surviving son of the 3rd Marquess . Lord Robert's son George inherited the family seat along with the family's remaining estates in Leicestershire and Northamptonshire and reverted
84-502: The Crimean War . He was childless and on his death in 1868 the titles were inherited by his second cousin, George, 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury , grandson of Thomas Brudenell , the fourth and youngest son of the 3rd Earl. Thomas had succeeded his maternal uncle, the 3rd Earl of Ailesbury and 4th Earl of Elgin , in 1747 as Baron Bruce , of Tottenham in the County of Wilts , had in 1766 assumed
105-955: The House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title Baron Bruce of Whorlton. In 1741 he succeeded his father in the earldoms of Elgin and Ailesbury. With his two sons having predeceased him, he was in 1746 created Baron Bruce , of Tottenham in the County of Wilts, with a special remainder to his nephew the Honourable Thomas Brudenell . Lord Ailesbury married, firstly, Lady Anne Savile, daughter of William Savile, 2nd Marquess of Halifax . They had four children: After his first wife's death in July 1717, Lord Ailesbury married, secondly, Lady Juliana Boyle, daughter of Charles Boyle, 2nd Earl of Burlington . They had no children. After her death in March 1739, he married, thirdly, aged 47,
126-481: The Lordship of Bowland . He assumed the same year by Royal licence the surname of Montagu in lieu of Brudenell. In 1766, he was created Marquess of Monthermer and Duke of Montagu in the Peerage of Great Britain , revivals of the titles which had become extinct on his father-in-law's death in 1749. Montagu's only son and heir, John Montagu, Marquess of Monthermer , had already been created Baron Montagu , of Boughton in
147-668: The Tower of London , and his mother died in premature childbirth in 1697, a death probably brought on by a false report that his father had been executed. His father was allowed to leave England soon afterwards: he spent the rest of his life in Flanders , and quickly became content there. He made a happy second marriage to the Belgian noblewoman Charlotte d'Argenteau, comtesse d'Esneux : his children visited him regularly and became deeply attached to their stepmother. The English Crown made no effort to seize
168-510: The 18-year-old Lady Caroline Campbell, daughter of John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll , in 1739. They had one daughter: Because neither of his sons survived him or left children, upon his death, the earldom of Elgin and subsidiary Scottish peerages were inherited by his cousin the Earl of Kincardine , while the earldom of Ailesbury and subsidiary English peerages became extinct. The barony of Bruce of Tottenham created for him in 1746 passed upon his death
189-534: The Common Pleas from 1520 to 1530. His great-grandson, Sir Thomas Brudenell , was created a Baronet in the Baronetage of England , styled "of Deene in the County of Northampton ", on 29 June 1611. On 26 February 1628, he was raised to the Peerage of England as Baron Brudenell , of Stanton Wyvill in the County of Leicester . On 20 April 1661, he was further honoured when he was made Earl of Cardigan , also in
210-601: The County of Northampton, in the Peerage of Great Britain in 1762, a revival of another title held by his maternal grandfather. However, Lord Monthermer died childless in 1770, predeceasing his father. The barony of Montagu died with him. In 1786, the Duke of Montagu was also created Baron Montagu , of Boughton in the County of Northampton, in the Peerage of Great Britain, with remainder to the younger sons of his daughter, Lady Elizabeth Montagu, wife of Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch . On
231-508: The County of Northampton, in the Peerage of Great Britain, in his own right. However, he died childless in 1811 when the barony of 1780 became extinct. He was succeeded in the remaining titles by his nephew, Robert, the 6th Earl , only son of Robert Brudenell , third son of the 3rd Earl. The 6th Earl's only son, James, 7th Earl , gained fame for his role in the Charge of the Light Brigade during
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#1732876451282252-466: The Duke's death in 1780, the marquessate and dukedom became extinct while he was succeeded in the barony of Montagu according to the special remainder by his grandson, Henry Scott (see Baron Montagu of Boughton for further history of this title; see also Duke of Montagu ). The earldom, barony of Brudenell and baronetcy passed to the Duke's younger brother, James, the 5th Earl , who already on 17 October 1780 had been created Baron Brudenell , of Deene in
273-402: The House of Lords. Knights , dames and holders of other non-hereditary orders, decorations, and medals are also not peers. The following tables only show peerages, still in existence. For lists of every peerage created at a particular rank, including extinct, dormant, and abeyant peerages, see: Each peer is listed only by their highest English title. Peers known by a higher title in one of
294-508: The Peerage of England. On his death, the titles passed to his son, Robert, the 2nd Earl , and on the 2nd Earl's death to his grandson, George, the 3rd Earl , the 2nd Earl's only son, Francis, Lord Brudenell, having predeceased his father. The 3rd Earl's eldest son, George, the 4th Earl , married Lady Mary Montagu, daughter of John Montagu, 2nd Duke of Montagu , and he succeeded to the Montagu estates on his father-in-law's death in 1749, including
315-406: The family estates so that there was enough money to allow Bruce to live in comfort. Bruce was returned to Parliament for Great Bedwyn at the 1705 English general election , and was returned again at the 1708 British general election . At the 1710 British general election , he was returned for both Great Bedwyn and Marlborough and chose to sit for the latter. In December 1711 he was summoned to
336-597: The family name back to "Brudenell" by Royal Licence. Deene Park is currently the residence of George's grandson Robert Brudenell. see Marquess of Ailesbury for further succession Peerage of England The Peerage of England comprises all peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. From that year, the Peerages of England and Scotland were closed to new creations, and new peers were created in
357-424: The male line, many of the older ones (particularly older baronies) can descend through females. Such peerages follow the old English inheritance law of moieties so all daughters (or granddaughters through the same root) stand as co-heirs, so some such titles are in such a state of abeyance between these. Baronets , while holders of hereditary titles, as such are not peers and not entitled to stand for election in
378-494: The other peerages are shown in blue, and peers with more than one title of the same rank in the Peerage of England are shown in orange. Subsidiary title Subsidiary title Charles Bruce, 3rd Earl of Ailesbury Charles Bruce, 3rd Earl of Ailesbury (later styled Aylesbury ) and 4th Earl of Elgin (29 May 1682 – 10 February 1747), of Ampthill, Bedfordshire and Savernake Park, Wiltshire, styled Viscount Bruce of Ampthill from 1685 to 1741,
399-415: The surname "Brudenell-Bruce", and had in 1776 been created Earl of Ailesbury in the Peerage of Great Britain. The 1st Earl of Ailesbury was succeeded by his son, Charles, the 2nd Earl of Ailesbury , who in 1821 had been created Viscount Savernake , of Savernake Forest in the County of Wilts, Earl Bruce , of Whorlton in the County of York , and Marquess of Ailesbury , in the County of Buckingham . He
420-494: Was a British landowner and Tory politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons from 1705 until 1711 when he was raised to the peerage as one of Harley's Dozen and sat in the House of Lords. Bruce was the son of Thomas Bruce, 2nd Earl of Ailesbury and his first wife Lady Elizabeth Seymour, daughter of Henry Seymour, Lord Beauchamp and Mary Capell . His father was arrested for treason in 1696 and confined to
441-431: Was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned 2nd Marquess of Ailesbury and 8th Earl of Cardigan. For further history of the titles, see Marquess of Ailesbury . The Earldom remains united with the Marquessate of Ailesbury; and indeed, since the descendants of the 1st Earl of Ailesbury are the only remaining descendants of the 1st Earl of Cardigan, the titles will never be separated. The Earldom remains visible, however, as it
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