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24-511: Bro-Gwened was an early medieval principality or kingdom around Vannes in Armorica ( Brittany ), lasting from around AD 490 to around 635. It was peopled by Christianized Britons fleeing the Saxon invasions of Britain , who displaced or assimilated the remaining pagan Veneti Gauls . Its bishop and (usually) court was at Gwened , the site of the former Roman settlement of Darioritum and

48-412: A high vowel (in U.S. terminology ), is any in a class of vowel sounds used in many spoken languages . The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned approximately as close as possible to the roof of the mouth as it can be without creating a constriction. A constriction would produce a sound that would be classified as a consonant . The term "close" / ˈ k l oʊ s /

72-560: A location previously belonging to the Veneti. From the 5th to the 7th century, the remaining Gauls were displaced or assimilated by waves of immigrant Britons fleeing the Saxon invasions of Britain . Under the Breton name Gwened (also derived from the Veneti), the town was the center of an independent principality or kingdom variously called Bro-Wened ("Vannes") or Bro-Ereg ("land of Gwereg "),

96-401: A network of small roads connects Vannes to smaller cities. There is no highway from Vannes to Saint-Brieuc, so the way to northern Brittany consists of small roads. The lack of highway or railway between Vannes and Saint-Brieuc (118 km north) cuts the communications between northern and southern Brittany, and limits Brittany economic performance. Airplanes Vannes has a small airfield in

120-661: Is a commune in the French department of Morbihan , Brittany , northwestern mainland France . It was founded over 2,000 years ago. The name Vannes comes from the Veneti , a seafaring Celtic people who lived in the south-western part of Armorica in Gaul before the Roman invasions. The region seems to have been involved in a cross channel trade for thousands of years, probably using hide boats and perhaps Ferriby Boats . Wheat that apparently

144-501: Is a market town linked to the sea. Train The Vannes railway station offers connections to Quimper , Rennes , Nantes , Paris and several regional destinations. With the fast train TGV , the journey takes: – 30 minutes to Lorient, – 1 hour to Nantes or Rennes, – 2.5 to 4 hours to Paris. The Transport express régional or TER is a slower train to join railway stations in

168-523: Is equipped with an automatic rental terminal and stands for bicycles. This replaces the Velocea service, which was discontinued in August 2017. Inhabitants of Vannes are called Vannetais . The municipality launched a linguistic plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 12 October 2007. In 2008, 7.71% of children attended the bilingual schools in primary education. The local football team is Vannes OC , who play in

192-648: Is recommended by the International Phonetic Association . Close vowels are often referred to as "high" vowels, as in the Americanist phonetic tradition, because the tongue is positioned high in the mouth during articulation. In the context of the phonology of any particular language, a high vowel can be any vowel that is more close than a mid vowel . That is, close-mid vowels , near-close vowels , and close vowels can all be considered high vowels. The six close vowels that have dedicated symbols in

216-609: The International Phonetic Alphabet are: (IPA letters for rounded vowels are ambiguous as to whether the rounding is protrusion or compression. However, transcription of the world's languages tends to pattern as above.) There also are close vowels that do not have dedicated symbols in the IPA: Other close vowels can be indicated with diacritics of relative articulation applied to letters for neighboring vowels, such as ⟨ i̠ ⟩ or ⟨ ɪ̝ ⟩ for

240-660: The Latin Veneti , the Romans ' name for the Gaulish tribe in the area. (It is unrelated to the Welsh realm and county of Gwynedd , which developed from Latin Venedotia .) The historic realm was also known as Bro Erec ( Breton : Bro-Ereg , "land of Gwereg ") or Bro Waroch (from the gallicisation of the same name) or by numerous variant spellings, although it is unclear whether

264-522: The 5th tier Championnat National 3 as of the 2023–24 season. The Rugby Club Vannes is the rugby union team and competed in Pro D2 for the 2023–24 season. Both teams play at the Stade de la Rabine built in 2001. The town was the start line for stage 9 of the 2015 Tour de France . Vannes is twinned with: Close vowel Legend: unrounded  •  rounded A close vowel , also known as

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288-516: The Breton War of Succession. The city's defending commander, Olivier IV de Clisson , was captured by the English but finally released. The French eventually executed him since they suspected him of being a traitor since the ransom was unusually low. In 1759, Vannes was used as the staging point for a planned French invasion of Britain . A large army was assembled there, but it was never able to sail after

312-837: The French naval defeat at the Battle of Quiberon Bay in November 1759. In 1795, during the French Revolution , French forces based in Vannes successfully repelled a planned British-Royalist invasion through Quiberon . Vannes, located on the Gulf of Morbihan at the mouth of two rivers, the Marle and the Vincin, is around 100 kilometres (62 miles) northwest of Nantes and 450 km (280 miles) south west of Paris. Vannes

336-558: The close neighborhood, such as Auray or Questembert . There is no direct line from Vannes to Saint-Brieuc (118 km away in the north of Brittany), so the train from Vannes to Saint Brieuc goes via Rennes, which doubles the travel time and cost: it takes 2 to 3 hours to go from Vannes to Saint Brieuc by train. Car Two highways, in the north of Vannes, provide fast connections by car: – N165: west to Lorient (58 km) and Quimper (122 km), south east to Nantes (111 km) – N166: north east to Rennes (113 km) +

360-433: The latter for a prominent member of its dynasty, which claimed descent from Caradog Strongarm . The diocese of Vannes was erected in the 5th century. The Council of Vannes was held there in 461. The realm annexed Cornouaille for a time in the early 6th century but was permanently joined with Domnonia under its king and Saint Judicaël around 635. In 1342, Vannes was besieged four times between forces from both sides of

384-407: The mid-7th century, Bro Gwened was united with Domnonia under its king Saint Judicaël , who was descended from a daughter of Budic II. Domnonia's rulers thenceforth reigned as the high kings of Brittany , with Bro Gwened forming part of their lands. The dialect of Gwened's present inhabitants is known in Breton as Gwenedeg and in French as Vannetais . It is distinct from that of

408-411: The middle and end of a word as a retainment of Middle Breton ð or θ where the other dialects substituted d or z (e.g. in hiddiù [hiːðiw] ("today") which would be hiziv [hiːziw] or hidiv [hiːdiv] in the other dialects (cf. Welsh heddiw [hɛðɪu̯])). The dialect also has a tendency to close vowels , places stress on the final syllables of words (as in French and Middle Breton), rather than on

432-426: The namesake Gwereg was Waroch I or II . The land was allegedly founded by Caradog Strongarm . In the early 6th century, Macliau served as one of the earliest bishops of Vannes prior to usurping his nephew's inheritance in neighboring Cornouaille . He may have also been king of Broerec or simply the refugee guest of Conmor . Major settlements at this time included Gwened ( Vannes ) and Lokmaria ( Locmaria ). In

456-518: The other regions of Brittany to the point of near unintelligibility. A primary distinction is that the Gwened dialect has paralleled Gaelic in developing earlier θ into h rather than z ; ð , meanwhile, has disappeared completely rather than merge with z as in Leon although there are certain parts of Gwened (e.g. the city Baud ) where it is still used as an initial mutation of d and t and sometimes in

480-483: The penultimate syllable (as in other Breton dialects and Welsh ), and (like English) has completely lost its original 2nd person singular pronoun . As a historic Breton county, Bro-Wened is registered as an official tartan with the British government. Vannes Vannes ( French pronunciation: [van] ; Breton : Gwened , pronounced [ˈɡweːnet] , [ˈɡɥeːnet] )

504-596: The present French city of Vannes . The territories are included within the modern French department of Morbihan . The Breton placename -element plou ( Latin : plebs ) initially meant a tribe , but came to signify its territory as well. The standard Breton form of the name mutates Gwened, the Breton name for Vannes , while the local dialect leaves it unchanged as "Bro-Gwened". The modern French name derives from adjectival form of Vannes . Both Gwened and Vannes reflect separate developments of

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528-514: The railway station on behalf of Morbihan. So there are 2 central bus stations in Vannes: one on Place de la Libération, the other at the railway station. Bike Vannes has a public bicycle rental program, called Vélocéo based on the same idea as the Paris Vélib' . Hundreds of bicycles are available across 10 automated rental stations each with 10 to fifteen bikes/spaces. Each Vélocéo service station

552-620: The village of Monterblanc , called Vannes-Meucon airport, or "Vannes – Golfe du Morbihan airport". It used to be a military airport, but it is now dedicated to general aviation aircraft. It belongs to Vannes Agglomeration community, the group of cities gathered around Vannes, and the main users of this airfield are Vannes flying club, the local ultralight aviation club, and Vannes school of skydiving. Bus There are 2 bus networks in Vannes: – Kicéo, proposes short travels starting from Vannes Place de la Republique on behalf of Vannes Agglomeration community, – CAT, propose longer travel starting from

576-512: Was grown in the Middle East was part of this trade. At about 150 BC the evidence of trade (such as Gallo-Belgic coins) with the Thames estuary area of Great Britain dramatically increased. The Veneti were defeated by Julius Caesar 's fleet in 56 BC in front of Locmariaquer ; many of the Veneti were then either slaughtered or sold into slavery. The Romans settled a town called Darioritum in

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