85-495: Thorpe & Porter (widely known as T & P ) was a British publisher, importer, and distributor of magazines and comic books . At first, the company was known for repackaging American comics and pulp magazines for the UK market. Later on, it became a publisher of original material. The company released more than 160 comics titles in the UK, the most prominent being Classics Illustrated , MAD UK , Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan of
170-505: A Mystery in Space reprint, a 68-page A4-size magazine, between 1954 and 1956. It featured black-and-white reprints of DC's Mystery In Space and Strange Adventures stories with slightly adapted covers from the original Mystery In Space series. T & P published a hardback Mystery In Space Annual in 1968. Although it used the cover to Mystery In Space #95, the contents of the annual were complete random issues of remaindered comics from
255-416: A Justice Department lawsuit and discontinued its business. Atlas was left without distribution and was forced to turn to its biggest rival, National (DC) Comics which imposed draconian restrictions on Goodman's company. As then-Atlas editor Stan Lee recalled in a 1988 interview: ... [We had been] turning out 40, 50, 60 books a month, maybe more, and ... suddenly we went ... to either eight or 12 books
340-553: A professional association . Professional magazines may derive revenue from advertisement placements or advertorials by companies selling products and services to a specific professional audience. Examples include Advertising Age , Automotive News , Broadcast , The Bookseller , and The Stage . Being on the cover of certain magazines is considered an honor or distinction. Examples include Time , Rolling Stone , Vogue and Sports Illustrated . See, for example: See also cover art . The magazine cover indicator
425-448: A radio show . At the end of 1941 Donenfeld's comic businesses took in $ 2.6 million. Max Gaines , future founder of EC Comics , formed All-American Publications in 1938 after successfully seeking funding from Harry Donenfeld., As Gerard Jones writes of Donenfeld's investment: Harry had agreed on one condition: that [Gaines] take [Detective Comics partner] Jack Liebowitz on as his partner. ... Jack would be tempted to leave and form
510-487: A 3:1 ratio. Focusing more narrowly, MediaFinder.com found that 93 new magazines were launched during the first six months of 2014, while only 30 closed in that time frame. The category which produced the most new publications was "Regional interest", of which six new magazines were launched, including 12th & Broad and Craft Beer & Brewing . However, two magazines had to change their print schedules. Johnson Publishing 's Jet stopped printing regular issues, making
595-425: A 68-page Avengers comic, with original art by Mick Anglo and Mick Austin consisting of four 16-page stories. Anglo also illustrated comics version of the television series Charles Rand and Danger Man . Between 1967 and 1970, T & P released an unusual line of 128-page comics called Double Double . Each issue was made up of four remaindered DC comics (with their covers removed) glued together with
680-803: A color comic book series based on the Laurel & Hardy animated TV series. In 1971, Warner's international distribution operations merged with Columbia Pictures to form Columbia-Warner Distributors . Thorpe & Porter moved its offices to the Columbia-Warner House in Soho , London ; as now part of Warner Communications, the Thorpe & Porter brand was mostly replaced by Williams Publishing . (Thanks to Gilberton World-Wide Publications, Williams had European-language divisions in Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy,
765-476: A combination of the three. In the technical sense a journal has continuous pagination throughout a volume. Thus, Bloomberg Businessweek , which starts each issue anew with page one, is a magazine, but the Journal of Business Communication , which continues the same sequence of pagination throughout the coterminous year, is a journal. Some professional or trade publications are also peer-reviewed , for example
850-401: A competing company if there was nothing to hold him. And it may well have been a way for Harry to keep Gaines under control; since Jack was still drawing a salary and significant bonuses from Detective Comics and [self-distributorship] Independent News, he wouldn't let Gaines take off on his own or act against the interests of the other companies. ... Gaines became the principal and Jack Liebowitz
935-527: A consequence, of the 181 British issues of Classics Illustrated , 13 never appeared in America (additionally, there were some variations in cover art). In July 1966, Thorpe & Porter went bankrupt, which left many of its clients being owed substantial sums. The company was purchased by Independent News Distributors (IND), the distribution arm of National Periodical Publications (DC Comics). (Traditionally, IND distributed all DC publications, as well as those of
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#17328846691341020-453: A distributor, he came to rely more on Liebowitz to ensure that the company ran smoothly. Liebowitz ensured bills were paid on time and began to build trust with clients that Donenfeld's enterprises had never experienced. In 1935, writer/entrepreneur Malcolm Wheeler-Nicholson approached Independent News in a bid to relaunch his comic book New Fun , having lost his previous backers due to poor sales and debts. Donenfeld accepted to distribute
1105-450: A female audience, emphasizing the traditional gender roles of the 19th century. Harper's Bazaar was the first to focus exclusively on couture fashion , fashion accessories and textiles. The inclusion of didactic content about housekeeping may have increased the appeal of the magazine for a broader audience of women and men concerned about the frivolity of a fashion magazine. In the 1920s, new magazines appealed to young German women with
1190-565: A few original stories) from 1951 to 1963; Pixi Tales , meanwhile, lasted 87 issues, from 1959 to 1963. UK issues of Classics Illustrated that were never published in the United States include Aeneid , The Argonauts , The Gorilla Hunters and Sail with the Devil . Mick Anglo adapted three stories — by Edgar Allan Poe , Oscar Wilde , and Wilkie Collins — for the T & P Classics Illustrated . The British Classics Illustrated adaptation of
1275-437: A few rival publishers, such as Marvel Comics from 1957 to 1969, in addition to pulp and popular magazines.) In 1967, DC and IND were purchased by Kinney National Company , which in 1969 purchased Warner Bros.-Seven Arts and became Warner Communications . As a result of all this consolidation, by 1969 T & P's comics output became almost exclusively reprints of DC titles, as well as Larry Harmon 's Laurel & Hardy ,
1360-453: A forum for public arguments by scholars and critical observers. The early periodical predecessors to magazines started to evolve to modern definition in the late 1800s. Works slowly became more specialized and the general discussion or cultural periodicals were forced to adapt to a consumer market which yearned for more localization of issues and events. Mass-circulation magazines became much more common after 1900, some with circulations in
1445-441: A long tradition. One of the earliest satirical magazines was Diyojen which was launched in 1869. There are around 20 satirical magazines; the leading ones are Penguen (70,000 weekly circulation), LeMan (50,000) and Uykusuz . Historical examples include Oğuz Aral 's magazine Gırgır (which reached a circulation of 500,000 in the 1970s) and Marko Paşa (launched 1946). Others include L-Manyak and Lombak . Publishing
1530-561: A long-established independent fantasy & horror magazine. Because of the UK importation ban, in the 1940s and 1950s American comics typically arrived in the UK as ballast on ships. T & P got into the comics business — primarily with reprints — in the 1950s with a selection of romance , western , and war comics , reprinted in black-and-white from American companies like Gilberton , American Comics Group , Atlas Comics , Crestwood Publications , Dell Comics , and National Periodical Publications (now DC Comics ). Thorpe & Porter
1615-499: A member of the trade (and likelihood of buying, for example, likelihood of having corporate purchasing authority, as determined from job title). This allows a high level of certainty that advertisements will be received by the advertiser's target audience, and it avoids wasted printing and distribution expenses. This latter model was widely used before the rise of the World Wide Web and is still employed by some titles. For example, in
1700-476: A mix of comic strips and illustrated text stories. (The hardcover annuals tradition was a staple of the UK comics scene; the company most known for this type of publication was World Distributors , which started producing them in the 1950s.) Brown Watson's most popular, long-running annuals were Hanna Barbera Scooby Doo Where Are You ... (8 annuals, 1973–1980), Tarzan (7 annuals, 1972–1979), Laurel and Hardy (6 annuals, 1969–1980), Superman/Batman with Robin
1785-455: A month, which was all Independent News Distributors would accept from us. American Comics Group , another comic book publisher from the era (also with ties to Harry Donenfeld), was distributed by Independent News, as were such popular magazines as Playboy and Family Circle . Jack Liebowitz stayed with Independent News until 1965, eventually becoming a co-owner. Irwin Donenfeld , who
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#17328846691341870-485: A monthly record of current events along with entertaining stories, poems, and pictures. The first periodicals to branch out from news were Harper's and The Atlantic , which focused on fostering the arts. Both Harper's and The Atlantic persist to this day, with Harper's being a cultural magazine and The Atlantic focusing mainly on world events. Early publications of Harper's even held famous works such as early publications of Moby Dick or famous events such as
1955-482: A new cover. (Most covers were probably illustrated by UK artists.) 24 Double Double titles were published, mostly featuring Superman or Batman (and their associated supporting characters). The titles with the most issues were Action Double Double Comics (5 issues), Adventure Double Double Comics (4 issues), and Batman Double Double Comics , Detective Double Double Comics , and Superboy Double Double Comics (3 issues each). According to owners of some of
2040-621: A new understanding of church-state relationships and the source of political authority. The Moniteur Ottoman was a gazette written in French and first published in 1831 on the order of Mahmud II . It was the first official gazette of the Ottoman Empire , edited by Alexandre Blacque at the expense of the Sublime Porte . Its name perhaps referred to the French newspaper Le Moniteur Universel . It
2125-434: A number of companies including their covers, and not Mystery In Space stories. Other reprint titles with which T & P had some success included Blackhawk , Gene Autry Comics , Forbidden Worlds , Kid Colt, Outlaw , Tomahawk , and Young Romance . In October 1959, T & P began publishing MAD UK . The British version of Mad magazine received access to the publication's back catalog of articles and
2210-535: A number of fellow British publisher Arnold Book Company 's reprint titles, including Justice Traps the Guilty , Young Brides , Young Eagle , and Young Love . (When T & P acquired Justice Traps the Guilty , it continued the numbering of the ABC version; with the other titles, T & P restarted the numbering at #1.) The T & P imprint Strato (originally created for its paperback line) published thirteen issues of
2295-677: A publisher of lurid and sensationalist paperback books, originally in digest size and later in the more traditional format. T & P set up a number of imprints — Hermitage Publications , Knole Park Press , Beacon Publishing Co. Ltd. , Strato Publications , and Jewel Books — and in the period 1947 to 1953 published over 60 titles, by such authors as Frank Fawcett (writing under the pen name "Ben Sarto"), George C. Foster, Paul Renin , and Leslie A. Scott. T & P also distributed similar paperbacks from other publishers, including Muir-Watson and Robin Hood Press . The paperback craze died down in
2380-529: A sensuous image and advertisements for the appropriate clothes and accessories they would want to purchase. The glossy pages of Die Dame and Das Blatt der Hausfrau displayed the "Neue Frauen", "New Girl" – what Americans called the flapper. This ideal young woman was chic, financially independent, and an eager consumer of the latest fashions. Magazines kept her up to date on fashion, arts, sports, and modern technology such as automobiles and telephones. The first women's magazine targeted toward wives and mothers
2465-505: A series of police raids in 1972 and again in 1975. In response, in 1976 Williams created the General Books Distribution (G.B.D. Ltd.) imprint for its adults-only titles. Magazines A magazine is a periodical publication , generally published on a regular schedule (often weekly or monthly), containing a variety of content . They are generally financed by advertising , purchase price , prepaid subscriptions , or by
2550-679: A single corporate entity, National Periodical Publications ". Donnenfeld was also minority owner in pulp magazine distributor Leader News Company, who started it in 1939 until 1956, during that time the company distributed magazines by Trojan, as well as EC Comics . The biggest magazine distribution company of this era was American News Company , which had a virtual monopoly on all comics except DC's. From 1952 to 1957 Atlas Comics publisher Martin Goodman distributed his company's comics to newsstands through his self-owned distributor, Atlas. He then switched to American News — which shortly afterward lost
2635-557: A special cover giving the British price instead of the price in cents — and shipped across the Atlantic. (Marvel comics were issued with the covers altered [in the USA] to show a UK price instead of US price; whilst the cover month was removed. DC comics were franked with a circular UK price stamp after their arrival. A few Marvels were also price-stamped in a similar fashion.) Inside the front cover, with
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2720-683: Is The Scots Magazine , which was first published in 1739, though multiple changes in ownership and gaps in publication totalling over 90 years weaken that claim. Lloyd's List was founded in Edward Lloyd's England coffee shop in 1734; and though its online platform is still updated daily it has not been published as a magazine since 2013 after 274 years. Under the Ancien Régime , the most prominent magazines were Mercure de France , Journal des sçavans , founded in 1665 for scientists, and Gazette de France , founded in 1631. Jean Loret
2805-493: Is a not-too-serious economic indicator that is sometimes taken seriously by technical analysts. Independent News Distributors Independent News Co. was a magazine and comic book distribution business owned by National Periodical Publications , the parent company of DC Comics . Independent News distributed all DC publications, as well as those of a few rival publishers, such as Marvel Comics from 1957 to 1969, in addition to pulp and popular magazines. The company
2890-563: The Journal of Accountancy . Non-peer-reviewed academic or professional publications are generally professional magazines . That a publication calls itself a journal does not make it a journal in the technical sense; The Wall Street Journal is actually a newspaper . The word "magazine" derives from Arabic makhāzin ( مخازن ), the broken plural of makhzan ( مخزن ) meaning "depot, storehouse" (originally military storehouse); that comes to English via Middle French magasin and Italian magazzino . In its original sense,
2975-696: The General Magazine and Historical Chronicle . The Pennsylvania Magazine , edited by Thomas Paine , ran only for a short time but was a very influential publication during the Revolutionary War . The final issue containing the text of the Declaration of Independence was published in 1776. In the mid-19th century, monthly magazines gained popularity. They were general interest to begin, containing some news, vignettes, poems, history, political events, and social discussion. Unlike newspapers, they were more of
3060-537: The James Bond film Dr. No was never published under the U.S. Classics Illustrated line (making it a collector's item in the States), but instead was sold to DC Comics , which published it as part of their superhero anthology series, Showcase . (The comic followed the plot of the film with images of the film's actors rather than Ian Fleming 's original novel .) In the period 1951 to 1953, Thorpe & Porter acquired
3145-560: The indicia , a sentence mentioned Thorpe & Porter as sole distributor in the UK market. Thus it was that brand new American-printed copies of Fantastic Four #1, Amazing Fantasy #15, Amazing Spider-Man #1, and countless others appeared in the UK. To aid in their comics distribution, Thorpe & Porter provided newsagents with T & P-branded spinner racks . Gilberton , the U.S. publisher of Classics Illustrated (which T & P had been distributing UK editions of since 1951), acquired Thorpe & Porter from Fred Thorpe in
3230-410: The mail , through sales by newsstands , bookstores , or other vendors, or through free distribution at selected pick-up locations. Electronic distribution methods can include social media , email , news aggregators , and visibility of a publication's website and search engine results. The traditional subscription business models for distribution fall into three main categories: In this model,
3315-469: The 1950s, Thorpe & Porter published a number of men's magazines of questionable taste, an early title being Clubman , and another being Comic Cuties . In the 1960s and 1970s, T & P and then Williams published a line of softcore pornography magazines with titles like Sex International News , True Love Stories , Cinema X , Cinema Blue , Parade , Game , Blade , Voi , and Sensuous . Many copies of those magazines were seized and forfeited in
3400-517: The Apes , Larry Harmon 's Laurel & Hardy , House of Hammer , and Forbidden Worlds . T & P's most prominent imprints were Top Sellers Ltd. and Brown Watson. Thorpe & Porter operated from 1946 to c. 1979. Entrepreneur Fred Thorpe started with a newsagent's shop in Leicester , where he recognized the appeal of American pulp magazines and comic books . After World War II , however,
3485-472: The Babani brothers of Brown Watson retained the various licenses for their hardback annuals, and in 1979 formed a new company, Grandreams , to continue publishing them. Grandreams lasted through at least 1996. After his stint at Marvel UK , in 1982 Skinn started Quality Communications and revived House of Hammer (as Halls of Horror ); he continued the magazine until 1984. Thorpe & Porter started out as
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3570-531: The Bourbon kings, but all eight ultimately urged support for the new government, putting their appeals in terms of preserving civil order. They often discussed the relationship between church and state. Generally, they urged priests to focus on spiritual matters and not engage in politics. Historian M. Patricia Dougherty says this process created a distance between the Church and the new monarch and enabled Catholics to develop
3655-535: The Boy Wonder Annual (5 annuals, 1974–1978), and Planet of the Apes (3 annuals, 1975–1977). Artists who worked on the annuals included John Bolton , Ian Gibson , and David Lloyd . Brown Watson was run by the brothers Brian Babani and Peter Babani. Most of T & P's other publications in the 1970s were listed under the Top Sellers Ltd. imprint. Formatted like American comics, with 32 pages of content,
3740-675: The Netherlands, and Sweden; most of these publishers were sold off around 1979.) In 1976, British editor Dez Skinn was brought in to expand the comics arm of Williams Publishing. He took over editing MAD UK , Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan of the Apes , Edgar Rice Burroughs' Korak, Son of Tarzan , and the Laurel & Hardy comic. He also launched House of Hammer . Warner sold its publishing division, including Thorpe & Porter, to W. H. Allen & Co. in 1977, which in 1978 decided to close it down (with Skinn almost immediately moving on to
3825-537: The T & P titles Justice Traps the Guilty , Kid Colt, Outlaw Young Brides , and Young Romance from that point until 1958, when ABC shut down. (T & P later published a second volume of 13 issues of Justice Traps the Guilty .) In 1959, with the lifting of the UK ban on importation of American periodicals, Thorpe & Porter became the sole UK distributor of both DC and Marvel (as well as Dell , Charlton , and American Comics Group ) comics. The comics were printed on American printing presses — along with
3910-613: The UK was intent on promoting homegrown publishers, and thus banned the direct importation of American periodicals. In 1946, Thorpe joined with the local builders merchants' company the Porter Group to form Thorpe & Porter as a publisher. In 1953, T & P seems to have acquired the Arnold Book Company (ABC) as a separate line (ABC was owned by Arnold L. Miller, the "Son" in the British reprint publisher L. Miller & Son, Ltd. ). Arnold Book Company appears as an imprint on
3995-615: The United Kingdom, a number of computer-industry magazines use this model, including Computer Weekly and Computing , and in finance, Waters Magazine . For the global media industry, an example would be VideoAge International . The earliest example of magazines was Erbauliche Monaths Unterredungen , a literary and philosophy magazine, which was launched in 1663 in Germany. The Gentleman's Magazine , first published in 1741 in London
4080-438: The United States. In 2019, People Magazine ranked second behind ESPN Magazine in total reach with a reported reach of 98.51 million. Professional magazines, also called trade magazines , or business-to-business magazines are targeted to readers employed in particular industries. These magazines typically cover industry trends and news of interest to professionals in the industry. Subscriptions often come with membership in
4165-462: The careers of a number of British comics creators, including Steve Moore , Brian Bolland , John Bolton , and David Lloyd . Skinn and Brown Watson line editor John Barraclough often used some of the same artists for their comics properties. House of Hammer was given the 1977 Eagle Award for "Favourite Specialist Comics Publication — Pro." Mad UK , meanwhile, won the 1977 Eagle Award for "Favourite Black & White Comicbook — Humour." Starting in
4250-516: The comic but with a heavy loss of rights for Wheeler-Nicholson. Wheeler-Nicholson produced two more titles to be handled by Independent News, New Comics and Detective Comics (which would later see the first appearance of Batman ), now under the banner of Detective Comics Inc. , in which Wheeler-Nicholson was forced to take Donenfeld and Liebowitz as partners. In 1938, Donenfeld sued Wheeler-Nicholson for nonpayment and Detective Comics Inc. went into bankruptcy. Not too surprisingly Donenfeld bought up
4335-656: The comics, the oddest thing about the Double Double line was, "not all issues had the same four comics inside. It was possible to purchase two copies of Double Double Detective #3 and find different coverless DC issues within. It was even possible to sometimes find a Marvel comic mixed in with the DCs!" In the 1970s, the Brown Watson imprint was known for the hardback comics annuals it published based on popular film, television, animation, and comics properties. The annuals featured
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#17328846691344420-456: The company and Wheeler-Nicholson's National Allied Publications in their entirety as part of the action. The fourth publication under National Allied Publications would be Action Comics (1938). Issue #1 introduced the superhero, Superman , created by artist Joe Shuster and writer Jerry Siegel , and the character's popularity created incredible profits; not only in comic book sales, but also in merchandising such as toys, costumes and even
4505-479: The company's most successful comics launched during this period included the long-running titles Funny Half Hour , Edgar Rice Burroughs Tarzan of the Apes , Edgar Rice Burroughs Korak, Son of Tarzan , and the various Pocket Library titles, particularly Western Library , Chiller Library , and Romance Library . Skinn's House of Hammer was a horror -themed magazine of all original content, which combined text articles with comic strips, and helped launch
4590-578: The declining popularity of pulps in the U.S. — and also with Galaxy Publications and Quinn , licensing British reprint editions of their new digest format magazines, T & P published reprints in this capacity from 1949 to 1960 under their Strato Publications imprint so long as they maintained this, and then under the parent Thorpe & Porter imprint, most notably with the titles Amazing Stories and Fantastic Adventures (Ziff-Davis), Beyond Fantasy Fiction , Galaxy Science Fiction (Galaxy), and If (Quinn, then Galaxy), and also Weird Tales ,
4675-470: The fall of 1959. Gilberton had launched Gilberton World-Wide Publications as a European branch in 1956, and T & P became part of its stable of European publishers. (After the sale, T & P's offices moved from Leicester to London .) In 1962, the production of new issues of Classics Illustrated shifted from Gilberton's New York offices to Thorpe & Porter, with Gilberton's founder's son, William E. Kanter overseeing everything beginning in 1963. As
4760-414: The finances, they launched Independent News in 1932. The Donenfeld brothers had begun as printers, and they continued printing the company's magazine and comic book covers even after branching into distribution. Now Donenfeld was a distributor as well as a publisher, and was now no longer reliant on others to run his business. As a publisher, Donenfeld had managed to dodge creditors and break deals, but as
4845-427: The firm. Soon the two men were spoken of as a partnership. When Liebowitz first worked for Donenfeld, the latter's empire was little more than a publishing house for " sex pulp " and art nudie magazines distributed by Eastern News , a company run by Charles Dreyfus and Paul Sampliner . In 1931, Eastern News faced bankruptcy and could no longer pay its publishers; the company owed Donenfeld alone $ 30,000. A compromise
4930-924: The hundreds of thousands of subscribers. Some passed the million-mark in the 1920s. It was an age of mass media . Because of the rapid expansion of national advertising, the cover price fell sharply to about 10 cents. One cause was the heavy coverage of corruption in politics, local government and big business, especially by Muckrakers. They were journalists who wrote for popular magazines to expose social and political sins and shortcomings. They relied on their own investigative journalism reporting; muckrakers often worked to expose social ills and corporate and political corruption . Muckraking magazines–notably McClure's –took on corporate monopolies and crooked political machines while raising public awareness of chronic urban poverty, unsafe working conditions, and social issues such as child labor . The journalists who specialized in exposing waste, corruption, and scandal operated at
5015-399: The laying of the world's first transatlantic telegraph cable ; however, the majority of early content was trickle down from British events. The development of the magazines stimulated an increase in literary criticism and political debate, moving towards more opinionated pieces from the objective newspapers. The increased time between prints and the greater amount of space to write provided
5100-473: The magazine is sold to readers for a price, either on a per-issue basis or by subscription, where an annual fee or monthly price is paid and issues are sent by post to readers. Paid circulation allows for defined readership statistics. This means that there is no cover price and issues are given away, for example in street dispensers, airline, or included with other products or publications. Because this model involves giving issues away to unspecific populations,
5185-537: The middle and working classes. Periodicals were censored by the central government in Paris . They were not totally quiescent politically—often they criticized Church abuses and bureaucratic ineptitude. They supported the monarchy and they played at most a small role in stimulating the revolution. During the Revolution, new periodicals played central roles as propaganda organs for various factions. Jean-Paul Marat (1743–1793)
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#17328846691345270-451: The minority owner of All-American [Publications]. In 1946, Gaines let Liebowitz buy him out, keeping only Picture Stories from the Bible as the foundation of his own new company, EC Comics . "Liebowitz promptly orchestrated the merger of All-American and Detective Comics into National Comics.... Next he took charge of organizing National Comics, Independent News, and their affiliated firms into
5355-597: The page from 25,000 copies by hand before the book could be distributed in Great Britain. MAD UK was published by T & P from 1959 to 1979, and then continued on with other publishers until 1994, producing 290 issues in all. The Brown Watson imprint, launched in the early 1950s, originally published genre paperbacks like Sinister Forces by Alvin Westwood (1953) and The Horror from the Hills by Frank Belknap Long (1965). In
5440-457: The period 1951 to 1953, partly as the result of Home Office clampdowns on "obscene and objectionable publications;" and by the end of 1953, T & P was no longer in the paperback publication business. Next, T & P moved into the realm of pulp and digest format science fiction and fantasy magazines. Setting up relationships with American publishers Ziff-Davis and Columbia Publications — which were eager to license their content due to
5525-509: The period 1959 to 1966, Brown Watson published T & P's war comics series Conflict Picture Library (200 issues, 1959–1966) and Romance in Pictures (235 issues, 1960–1966), the latter of which featured stories reprinted and translated from Spanish romance comics . Other long-running titles from the 1960s included Pocket War Library and World Illustrated (reprints from Gilberton 's World Around Us series). In 1966, T & P published
5610-417: The state and local level, like Ray Stannard Baker , George Creel , and Brand Whitlock . Others, including Lincoln Steffens , exposed political corruption in many large cities; Ida Tarbell went after John D. Rockefeller 's Standard Oil Company . Samuel Hopkins Adams in 1905 showed the fraud involved in many patent medicines, Upton Sinclair 's 1906 novel The Jungle gave a horrid portrayal of how meat
5695-568: The statistics only entail the number of issues distributed, and not who reads them. This is the model used by many trade magazines (industry-based periodicals) distributed only to qualifying readers, often for free and determined by some form of survey. Because of costs (e.g., printing and postage) associated with the medium of print, publishers may not distribute free copies to everyone who requests one (unqualified leads); instead, they operate under controlled circulation, deciding who may receive free subscriptions based on each person's qualification as
5780-481: The top position at Marvel UK ). This spelled the end of most of T & P's titles, except for MAD UK and the Brown Watson line. Former T & P production editor Ron Letchford acquired the rights to MAD UK . He formed Suron International for this purpose, eventually selling the license to London Editions , which later merged with Fleetway Publications . MAD UK finally ended its run in 1994. For their part,
5865-847: The transition to digital format, though still printing an annual print edition. Ladies' Home Journal stopped their monthly schedule and home delivery for subscribers to become a quarterly newsstand-only special interest publication. According to statistics from the end of 2013, subscription levels for 22 of the top 25 magazines declined from 2012 to 2013, with just Time , Glamour and ESPN The Magazine gaining numbers. However, by 2024, some titles, notably outdoors magazines, appeared to be growing in popularity. The "seven sisters" of American women's magazines are Ladies' Home Journal , Good Housekeeping , McCall's , Woman's Day , Redbook , Family Circle and Better Homes and Gardens . Some magazines, among them Godey's Lady's Book and Harper's Bazaar , were intended exclusively for
5950-457: The views of their readership and thereby were major elements in the changing political culture. For example, there were eight Catholic periodicals in 1830 in Paris. None were officially owned or sponsored by the Church and they reflected a range of opinion among educated Catholics about current issues, such as the 1830 July Revolution that overthrew the Bourbon monarchy. Several were strong supporters of
6035-451: The word "magazine" referred to a storage space or device. In the case of written publication, it refers to a collection of written articles . This explains why magazine publications share the term with storage units for military equipment such as gunpowder , artillery and firearm magazines , and in French and Russian (adopted from French as магазин ), retailers such as department stores . Print magazines can be distributed through
6120-616: Was DC's editorial director in the 1960s, was also a vice president of Independent News. In 1966, Independent News expanded its operations to the United Kingdom by acquiring the bankrupt British publisher/distributor Thorpe & Porter . With this purchase, Independent News became the sole distributor of American comics in the U.K., handling not only DC's output but also those of a few rival publishers, such as Marvel (until 1969), in addition to pulp and popular magazines. In 1967, National Periodical Publications (including Independent News)
6205-531: Was a very expensive industry in colonial times. Paper and printer's ink were taxed imported goods and their quality was inconsistent. Interstate tariffs and a poor road system hindered distribution, even on a regional scale. Many magazines were launched, most failing within a few editions, but publishers kept trying. Benjamin Franklin is said to have envisioned one of the first magazines of the American colonies in 1741,
6290-515: Was also encouraged to produce its own localized material in the Mad vein. Essentially, T & P repackaged Mad to a 32-page monthly from a 48-page-eight-times-a-year U.S. publication. Conflicts over content occasionally arose between the parent magazine and its international franchisee; when a comic strip satirizing the English royal family was reprinted in a Mad paperback, it was deemed necessary to rip out
6375-489: Was called for, and Donenfeld, not wanting to find himself hamstrung by a distributor again, approached Sampliner with the idea of creating the Independent News Company, a publishing house with its own distribution system. With Sampliner running the distribution end, Donenfeld as salesman, Harry's youngest brother Irving (not to be mistaken for Harry's son: Irwin Donenfeld ) as head printer, and Liebowitz running
6460-476: Was founded in 1932 and operated until 1970. In 1929, as a favor to an old client, pulp magazine publisher Harry Donenfeld gave work to the client's son, Jack Liebowitz . Donenfeld and Liebowitz had little in common, but Liebowitz soon emerged as a man who could run finances. Whereas Donenfeld would promise the world to clients without understanding the economic realities, Liebowitz was bookish and ensured bills were paid on time and helped create respectability in
6545-451: Was issued weekly. Takvim-i vekayi was published a few months later, intended as a translation of the Moniteur into Ottoman Turkish . After having been edited by former Consul for Denmark " M. Franceschi ", and later on by " Hassuna de Ghiez ", it was lastly edited by Lucien Rouet. However, facing the hostility of embassies, it was closed in the 1840s. Satirical magazines of Turkey have
6630-415: Was one of France's first journalists. He disseminated the weekly news of music, dance and Parisian society from 1650 until 1665 in verse, in what he called a gazette burlesque , assembled in three volumes of La Muse historique (1650, 1660, 1665). The French press lagged a generation behind the British, for they catered to the needs of the aristocracy, while the newer British counterparts were oriented toward
6715-441: Was one of the first British publishers to print its own clean versions of the comics, "using blocks made from imported American matrices." Right off the bat, Thorpe & Porter's most successful comics title was Classics Illustrated and later the spinoff title Pixi Tales (the company's new name for Classics Illustrated Junior , which featured fairy tale adaptations). T & P published Classics Illustrated reprints (and
6800-599: Was packed, and, also in 1906, David Graham Phillips unleashed a blistering indictment of the U.S. Senate. Roosevelt gave these journalists their nickname when he complained that they were not being helpful by raking up all the muck. According to the Research Department of Statista , closures of magazines outnumbered launches in North America during 2009. Although both figures declined during 2010–2015, launches outnumbered closures in each of those years, sometimes by
6885-613: Was published in 1852. Through the use of advice columns, advertisements , and various publications related to parenting , women's magazines have influenced views of motherhood and child-rearing. Mass-marketed women's magazines have shaped and transformed cultural values related to parenting practices. As such, magazines targeting women and parenthood have exerted power and influence over ideas about motherhood and child-rearing. Religious groups have used magazines for spreading and communicating religious doctrine for over 100 years. Jehovah's Witnesses ' primary magazine, The Watchtower ,
6970-495: Was purchased by Kinney National Company , which later purchased Warner Bros.-Seven Arts and became Warner Communications . The Donenfelds and their "crew" were out, and new management came in. By 1970, Independent News was defunct, absorbed into a larger and changing distribution business. Independent News' last president was Harold Chamberlin, who served from 1968 to 1970. Chamblerin went on to become president of Warner Publishing from 1970 to 1979. As Warner Publishing Services,
7055-450: Was started by Charles Taze Russell in July 1879 under the title Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of Christ's Presence . The public edition of the magazine is one of the most widely distributed magazines in the world, with an average printing of approximately 36 million per issue. Magazines publishing stories and photos of high-profile individuals and celebrities have long been a popular format in
7140-456: Was the first general-interest magazine. Edward Cave , who edited The Gentleman's Magazine under the pen name "Sylvanus Urban", was the first to use the term "magazine", on the analogy of a military storehouse, the quote being: "a monthly collection, to treasure up as in a magazine". Founded by Herbert Ingram in 1842, The Illustrated London News was the first illustrated weekly news magazine. The oldest consumer magazine still in print
7225-493: Was the most prominent editor. His L'Ami du peuple advocated vigorously for the rights of the lower classes against the enemies of the people Marat hated; it closed when he was assassinated. After 1800 Napoleon reimposed strict censorship. Magazines flourished after Napoleon left in 1815. Most were based in Paris and most emphasized literature, poetry and stories. They served religious, cultural and political communities. In times of political crisis they expressed and helped shape
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