66-699: Brondesbury College for Boys (BCB) is a selective independent school for boys situated in Brent , London, England. It was founded by Yusuf Islam in 1996, as part of the Waqf Al-Birr Educational Trust, to provide an education institution for young Muslim students in the United Kingdom. Brondesbury College performs well in Brent and also nationally with an 83% 5+ A*–C pass rate in GCSE in 2014. BCB's current head master
132-427: A certain amount of glaciofluvial material deposited by meltwater flowing from the front of the ice lobe). That stream, which would quickly have cut back to the ice front at Henly's Corner, would have been the incipient River Brent. Dollis Brook and Mutton Brook would have there flowed into this new stream. And the new stream would have been joined on its right bank by former tributaries of the proto-Mole-Wey river, notably
198-415: A choice, 47.71% described themselves as Christian , 17.71% as Hindu , 12.26% as Muslim and 10% as having no religion . Among residents, 39.96% were in full-time employment and 7.86% in part-time employment – compared to a London average of 42.64% and 8.62%, respectively. Narrowly most residents included an owner-occupier in their household, with 23.17% of households owning their house outright, and
264-569: A diverted course from Uxbridge to Richmond, from where it continued, in a broadly eastwards direction, towards the North Sea. This caused the lake in the proto-Mole-Wey valley to be drained, thus leaving the former islands in the lake as isolated hills in what is now the London Clay basin of the north-western section of the River Brent catchment area. As illustrated on a geological map of the area, it
330-511: A further 31.33% owning with a mortgage. 10.59% were in local authority housing , with a further 13.29% renting from a housing association , or other registered social landlord. The 2021 census found that the borough has England and Wales's lowest proportion of people born in the UK, at 43.9%. The borough of Brent is extremely ethnically diverse, having changed greatly since 1951. In the 2011 census, those who identified as White British made up 18% of
396-623: A generally south-west direction before joining the Tideway stretch of the Thames at Brentford . A letter from the Bishop of London in 705 suggesting a meeting at Breġuntford , now Brentford , is the earliest record of this place and probably therefore that of the river, suggesting that the name may be related to the Celtic * brigant- meaning "high" or "elevated", perhaps linked to the goddess Brigantia . (For
462-485: A mixture of residential , industrial and commercial land. It includes many districts of inner-city character in the east and a more distinct suburban character in the west, part of which formed part of the early 20th century Metroland developments. The London Borough of Brent was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 , covering the combined area of the former Municipal Borough of Wembley and
528-539: A mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land. Wembley National Stadium is in the borough; on match days the fire safety of over 90,000 people falls to the London Fire Brigade. The Wembley station covers the largest area in the borough, 19.1 km (7.4 sq mi). Two pumping appliances, a fire rescue unit and an aerial ladder platform are based there. Willesden, for its more typical area covered (10.5 km (4.1 sq mi)), responded to over
594-508: A north-eastern zone consisting of the relatively narrow and steep-sided valleys of the Dollis Brook, Folly Brook and Mutton Brook; and of the high ground which surrounds those valleys (at Hampstead Heath, Whetstone, Totteridge, Chipping Barnet, etc). The oldest and most extensive geological formation in the Brent catchment area, as in much of the London Basin , is Eocene London Clay . This
660-514: A southern zone, lying south of a line from about Harlesden to Northolt, which is of low relief and which (apart from the hill at Hanger Lane) lies below an altitude of 40 metres; - a basin-like north-western zone which is surrounded by areas of higher ground which rise fairly steeply to the west (Harrow on the Hill), north (Bushy Heath) and east (Mill Hill), and where several isolated hills such as Horsenden Hill, Barn Hill and Dollis Hill are located; and -
726-606: A thousand incidents in 2006/2007. Two pumping appliances reside there. Park Royal, with its one pumping appliance and an incident response unit covers 8.1 km (3.1 sq mi). Within the borough, 4,105 incidents occurred in 2006/2007. Like most of northwest London, Brent is served extensively by the London Underground . 21 tube stations are located in Brent, all served by either the Metropolitan, Jubilee, Bakerloo or Piccadilly Lines. All of them are surface level, with
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#1732868840268792-656: Is Amzad Ali, who succeeded Salahuddin Clifton. A 2012 Ofsted inspection awarded Brondesbury College as 'Good' in all inspected aspects. The inspection stated that "The English curriculum is a particular strength of the school but the focus of Quranic lessons is not always clear." Brondesbury College caters to years 7 to 11, and primary school education is provided for at the government-funded Islamia Primary School . The 2018 Ofsted inspection described Brondesbury College as "Outstanding" in all aspects, and that "Leaders and trustees are highly ambitious for pupils and are determined that
858-471: Is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb ". (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). Behind Tower Hamlets , Brent has the highest poverty rate in London after housing costs. It was the borough with the highest average unemployment rate in 2022 with 7%. More than one in three households live in poverty, 9% above the London average, and 14% above
924-449: Is found across the upper, northern margin of the catchment area, from Bushey Heath to Chipping Barnet. The most recent Pleistocene deposits include the post-Anglian river terrace deposits of the Thames and Brent rivers in Ealing and other southern parts of the catchment area. Glacial till is found in the north-eastern sector of the catchment area, around Finchley. Current topography is largely
990-486: Is found, which were also laid down by an ancestral Mole-Wey river. (This river is also referred to in places as the "proto-Mole-Wey".) These deposits are found at what is today the so-called Finchley Gap , and to the north-east and south-west of it. Dollis Hill Gravel is found, for example, south-west of the Gap at Hendon and Horsenden Hill , and north-east of the Gap over wide areas from Southgate to Goff's Oak . Today,
1056-694: Is known for landmarks such as Wembley Stadium , the Swaminarayan Temple and the Kiln Theatre . It also contains the Welsh Harp reservoir and the Park Royal commercial estate. The local authority is Brent London Borough Council . Brent's population was estimated to be 339,800 as at 2021. Major districts are Kilburn , Willesden , Wembley and Harlesden , with sub-districts Stonebridge , Kingsbury , Kensal Green , Neasden , and Queen's Park . Brent has
1122-721: Is mostly a stiff blue-brown clay, over 100 metres thick. In some higher parts of the area, a relatively thin, upper part of the London Clay formation, sandier in content and known as the Claygate Beds , is also found. In some areas of relatively limited extent, such as on the higher parts of Harrow on the Hill , Hampstead and Highgate , the London Clay and Claygate Beds are overlain by sandy Eocene Bagshot Beds . All these formations are overlain in several areas by much younger, Pleistocene formations, principally fluvial deposits and glacial deposits. The oldest Pleistocene deposit, Pebble Gravel,
1188-481: Is referred to above. But then the River Thames established its newly-diverted course. That course appears to have run along a line approximately from Uxbridge to Northolt Park, Perivale, Richmond and Streatham Hill. The newly-diverted Thames thus cut across the floor of the proto-Mole-Wey valley. And being a very powerful river, it would also have cut down below the level of that valley floor to some extent. Water from
1254-418: Is striking that Dollis Brook, for the greater part of its length between Barnet Playing Fields and Henly's Corner, follows a north-south line close to the western limit of glacial till left by the ice sheet lobe which extended to Finchley. Similarly, Mutton Brook follows an east-west line which is close to the southern limit of glacial till left by the ice sheet lobe. This is because, as the ice sheet lobe in
1320-453: Is the main component of this gravel, it has been known since the late nineteenth century that it also contains in places a notable quantity of chert derived from Lower Greensand Beds in the Weald. It was suggested early on that this "pointed to the former existence of streams from that area". S.W. Wooldridge later suggested that it was in fact "a river of major dimensions" (which) "entered from
1386-460: The London Borough of Camden . Before the 2010 United Kingdom general election it was divided into three constituencies contained wholly within the borough – Brent South , Brent East and Brent North . In 1801, the civil parishes that form the modern borough had a total population of 2,022. This rose slowly throughout the nineteenth century, as the district became built up; reaching 5,646 in
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#17328688402681452-560: The Municipal Borough of Willesden . The area was transferred from Middlesex to Greater London to become one of the 32 London Boroughs. The borough of Willesden had evolved from a local government district created in 1874 for the parish of Willesden. Such districts were reconstituted as urban districts under the Local Government Act 1894 . To coincide with the 1894 Act coming into force, an urban district called Wembley
1518-544: The 400,000 years which followed the Anglian stage, rivers and streams incised themselves more deeply into the underlying strata. That erosion mostly took place in periods of "high discharge, under cold climatic conditions" when river flow was augmented and when vegetation was thin. In particular, the River Thames, which, in the vicinity of Hanger Lane was at a today's altitude of around 70 metres when it first established its diverted course, had probably cut down to about 60 metres by
1584-543: The Anglian glaciation, in the area currently covered by the Brent catchment area, are not known with any certainty. But it is known that, elsewhere, some tributaries of rivers which were themselves severely disrupted by that glaciation today still follow broadly the same lines as their pre-glaciation valleys. This is the case, for example, for certain tributaries of the upper River Lea, such as the Rivers Mimram and Stort. So it seems reasonable to suggest that parts at least of
1650-473: The Anglian glaciation. After reaching as far south as Ware, about 450,000 years ago, lobes of this ice sheet extended up two valleys, oriented south-west to north-east - that of the proto-Thames (which, by this time was flowing along the line of the Vale of St Albans, and where an ice lobe extended to Watford), and that of the proto-Mole-Wey (where the other lobe extended to Finchley). In the early twentieth century it
1716-572: The Carpenders Park gap (today followed by the West Coast Main (railway) Line between London Euston and Watford), the Thames overspill surged through Wealdstone and Kenton. The land it crossed would have been bare of vegetation and very susceptible to fluvial erosion. The powerful overflow quickly eroded areas of higher ground. This could have included a possible ridge of higher ground running from Stanmore to Colindale (separating ancestral valleys of
1782-470: The Dollis Hill Gravel thus flowed along a line broadly similar to that of today's River Brent, but in the opposite direction, from south-west to north-east. The gradient of the floor of that valley in the area now occupied by the Brent catchment was low - probably no more than 50 cm per kilometre. The number, and courses, of the tributary streams which flowed into the proto-Mole-Wey river prior to
1848-567: The England average. Diageo has its head office in Park Royal and in Brent, on a former Guinness brewery property. The brewery was closed in 2004; it had produced beer since 1936. Diageo planned to move its head office to Brent from Central London when the lease on the Central London office expired in 2010. Recycling has been compulsory in Brent since 2008. Brent has three fire stations: Park Royal , Wembley and Willesden . Brent has
1914-493: The Finchley pro-glacial lake would thus have flowed down into the Thames and would have been carried away by it. As mentioned earlier, the lake would thus have dried up. A stream would then have cut back from the Thames, probably from around Hanger Lane. That stream probably cut back in a north-easterly direction along the line of the former proto-Mole-Wey valley bottom (the near-flat surface of which would by then have been covered by
1980-697: The Thames, was formed as a result of the Anglian glaciation, which occurred about 450,000 years ago. In the early twentieth century, it was suggested that the River Thames, after descending through Oxfordshire , entering the London Basin near the Goring Gap and running north-east from there, continued in that direction prior to the ice advance, past Watford and along the line of the Vale of St Albans. This hypothesis has since been confirmed by much subsequent research. That "proto-Thames" river received tributaries from
2046-485: The Wealdstone Brook and Silk Stream), similar to and parallel with the ridge that still exists and that runs from Barnet Gate to Mill Hill. The overflow thus carved out much of the London Clay basin which today forms the north-western section of the River Brent catchment area. In particular, it probably removed much of the Dollis Hill Gravel which must have been situated in this area prior to the Anglian glaciation. At
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2112-526: The Wealdstone Brook and the Silk Stream. As the ice sheet melted, that incipient River Brent would have been heavily loaded with glaciofluvial material flowing from the melting ice, and from the till which the ice sheet was leaving behind. It appears that, at Hanger Lane, near its initial confluence with the Thames, the Brent was forced to deposit a large quantity of that material. In doing so it may also have been forced to move to its current course, slightly to
2178-575: The borough's population. 18% identified as other White, 5% were of mixed heritage, those of South Asian heritage comprised about 33%, those of African and Caribbean heritage about 19%, and other ethnic groups about 7%. White ethnicities were relatively high in the wards of Mapesbury (straddling Willesden Green and Cricklewood ), Brondesbury Park, Queen's Park and Kilburn. Black ethnicities in highest proportion were in Stonebridge, Harlesden and Kensal Green wards. Asian ethnicities in highest proportion were in
2244-418: The brook at barely 60 metres, in a distance of only about one kilometre. A sizable section of that slope would have been the result of fluvial incision since the Anglian stage. During its post-Anglian incision, the Thames in this area moved in a southward direction. As it did so, it laid down river terrace deposits (mostly sand and gravel) of decreasing age and altitude. The Thames-Brent confluence also moved to
2310-407: The end of the Anglian stage, and is now at an altitude of barely 10 metres at Kew. In thus cutting down by about 50 metres since the Anglian stage, the Thames would thus have lowered the base level of rivers and streams in the Brent catchment area, and they too have cut down to a notable degree in places, even though they obviously had much less erosive power than the much-larger Thames. For example,
2376-399: The exception of Kilburn Park tube station in the southeast of the borough. This number is the second highest of all London boroughs behind Westminster, which has 32 stations within its boundaries. The numerous London Underground , London Overground and National Rail stations in the borough are: In March 2011, the plurality of residents aged 16–74 were not in employment, 38.9%. After that,
2442-517: The highest of those deposits rest at an altitude of around 100 metres (for example at Muswell Hill ). So the proto-Mole-Wey valley around Finchley, in the sense of being an area of lower ground lying between higher ground on either side (for example, at Mill Hill and Hampstead Heath, both at altitudes of over 120 metres today), must have existed by the time those highest deposits of Dollis Hill Gravel were laid down. That could have been around one million years ago. The proto-Mole-Wey river which laid down
2508-428: The ice retreated, the two streams continued along the same courses that they had been forced to follow by the ice lobe - between glacial till and the higher ground of Mill Hill, etc in the case of Dollis Brook, and between glacial till and Hampstead Heath, etc in the case of Mutton Brook. At the time of the ice lobe, those two streams would at first have flowed into the pro-glacial lake in the proto-Mole-Wey valley which
2574-472: The junction of Dollis Brook and Mutton Brook today is at an altitude of just under 50 metres. When the proto-Mole-Wey river was flowing through this locality prior to the Anglian glaciation, it was at an altitude of 68 metres. And Dollis Brook is relatively steep-sided in certain sections - for example, around Woodside Park, where the ground falls from over 90 metres altitude on the Finchley High Road to
2640-602: The largest Jewish school in Europe. There is also an Islamic school called Islamia Primary School founded by Cat Stevens . The following table shows the religious identity of residents residing in Brent according to the 2001, 2011 and the 2021 censuses. According to the House of Commons survey of female genital mutilation , in the year to 31 March 2016, Brent represented the highest number of attendees, by current residence or visiting location, to medical services, at 1,250, 545 more than
2706-634: The main forms of transport to work were: The Borough has three Non-League football clubs: Brent is twinned with: The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Brent. River Brent The River Brent is a river in west and northwest London, England, and a tributary of the River Thames . 17.9 miles (28.8 km) in length, it rises in the Borough of Barnet and flows in
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2772-567: The middle of the century. When the railways arrived the rate of population growth increased. The population took five decades to rebound to the more muted peak of the 1950s, when much industry relocated from London, further boosting the speed of the wave of new housing then built. Brent is the most diverse locality in the UK by country of birth. It in 2019 became the only local authority with over 50% of residents, namely 52%, born abroad. Large Asian and Indian, Black African, Black Caribbean, Irish, and Eastern European communities exist. 45 per cent of
2838-503: The network of tributary streams which flowed into the proto-Mole-Wey river, in the area currently covered by the Brent catchment area, proved to be equally robust. Thus, it is possible that, although the proto-Mole-Wey river itself was completely replaced by the River Brent during the Anglian glaciation, and parts of those of its tributaries which came into contact with the ice front were diverted (as described below), other sections of today's network of Brent tributaries broadly reflect parts of
2904-556: The next section), at a today's altitude of about 90 metres, and joined a precursor of the Pymmes Brook in the vicinity of East Barnet. That precursor brook may then have flowed south-eastwards to join the proto-Mole-Wey somewhere around New Southgate. It has been known since the nineteenth century that an ice sheet once descended from the north of England as far as north London and left behind extensive spreads of till and other glacial deposits. This ice advance has since been identified as
2970-618: The next-highest local authority, Bristol . In 2015, the BBC reported that some wards of Brent and four other London boroughs had rates of tuberculosis over ten times the national average, and higher than rates seen in Iraq and Rwanda . This table shows the stated ethnic group of respondents in the 1991 to 2021 censuses and estimates for 1966 and 1981 in Brent. Major districts of Brent include Kilburn , Willesden and Wembley . Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there
3036-429: The north, with its junction with the Thames thus moving to the west, in the vicinity of Greenford. Thus, by end of the Anglian stage, the current drainage network in the Brent catchment area had broadly been established. But the rivers and streams in the network at that time would then have been flowing at a higher level, relative to their altitudes today. On average, this could have been around 20–30 metres higher. In
3102-426: The population was a minority ethnicity in the 1991 census, the most in England at the time. In 1991 17.2% were Indian, 10.2% were Black Caribbean and 9% were Irish. Brent was the only Outer London borough combining high proportions of Indian and Afro-Caribbean ethnicities. The 2001 UK Census found that the borough had a population of 263,464 residents, of whom 127,806 were male, and 135,658 female. Of those stating
3168-487: The population. It also has the largest Brazilian community in the UK; one of the largest Indian communities; a significant Afro-Caribbean community; and more recent Romanian , Polish and Somali communities. As of 2011, 41.5% identified themselves as Christian, 18.6% Muslim, 17.8% Hindu and 10.6% with no religion. Brent is home of the Neasden Temple , once the largest Hindu Mandir outside India; and JFS ,
3234-549: The pre-Anglian network of tributary streams which fed the proto-Mole-Wey. This could apply to, for example, the upper part of the Dollis Brook, the Folly Brook, the Silk Stream and the Wealdstone Brook. In the case of the uppermost section of the Dollis Brook, which runs broadly west-east from Barnet Gate towards Barnet Playing Fields, it is possible that, immediately prior to the Anglian glaciation, that stream continued eastwards (where it now turns southwards, for reasons explained in
3300-427: The proto-Thames valley towards Watford, the passage of the river was blocked, and its water backed up to form a lake in front of the advancing ice. That lake eventually extended as far up the proto-Thames valley as a point south of Gerrards Cross, where lacustrine deposits have been identified. The water in that lake eventually rose to relatively low points on the interfluve with the proto-Mole-Wey catchment area to
3366-416: The purposes of this section, the Brent catchment area is taken to include the catchment areas of all its tributaries.) The catchment area varies in altitude from just over 150 metres above sea level at Bushey Heath, on its northern watershed, to barely 10 metres at the confluence of the Brent with the Thames at Brentford. Broadly speaking, the catchment area can be divided into three topographical zones: -
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#17328688402683432-482: The result of landform evolution during the Pleistocene epoch (that is, during the last two million years or so). Although a tributary of the River Thames, the Brent is much younger in age. An Ancestral Thames is thought to have come into being over 60 million years ago, during the post- Cretaceous uplift of Britain (an uplift which was tilted to the south-east). The Brent, as a southward-flowing, left-bank tributary of
3498-411: The same time, a lake formed in front of the ice lobe which was moving south-westwards up the proto-Mole-Wey valley towards Finchley, and which was blocking the flow of the proto-Mole-Wey river. The swirling waters of that lake also caused considerable erosion of the previous topography. But isolated islands, mostly capped by Dollis Hill Gravel, were left within the lake. The Thames eventually established
3564-403: The school continues to improve. The students learn amazing values at this school. They ensure that all of the independent school standards are met". This London school or sixth form college related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . London Borough of Brent Brent ( / b r ɛ n t / ) is a borough in north-west London , England. It
3630-508: The south" that was responsible for transporting much of this chert to areas which are now north of the River Thames. It was clear from the broad course which Wooldridge plotted for this river that it was an ancestor of the River Mole (and/or River Wey ). In 1994, D.R. Bridgland proposed that Pebble Gravel (or Stanmore Gravel) which is located on Harrow Weald Common (near Bushey Heath) was deposited by an ancestral Mole-Wey, and that that river
3696-525: The south, with the River Brent thus extending its course by over five kilometres, from Greenford to Hanwell, then to Brentford. As the Brent moved southwards, it cut down through the river terrace deposits which had been laid down by the Thames. During the post-Anglian period, the River Brent itself left river terrace deposits in places. An older one is a Boyn Hill deposit just north of Brent Reservoir at an altitude of 60 metres. Younger ones include almost continual stretches of Taplow and Kempton Park deposits in
3762-418: The south-east, where that water could overflow into that catchment area. Two such points were at Carpenders Park and Uxbridge. Water overflowed into the proto-Mole-Wey catchment in a considerable volume and with considerable force (to the extent that, in the case of the overflow at Uxbridge, the Thames in due course established a completely new course through that route). In the case of the overflow through
3828-438: The south. At least one of those tributaries traversed what is today a dissected plateau which lies to the south-east of the Vale of St Albans. This plateau stretches from Bushey Heath to Northaw and beyond, and is capped over wide areas, at altitudes ranging from about 150 metres to 130 metres, by a fairly thin (average 3 metres) layer of sand and gravel known as Pebble Gravel (or, in places, Stanmore Gravel). Although flint
3894-473: The topography of the country in what is today the Brent catchment area would have been very different from today's topography, because the Pebble Gravel was laid down on a valley floor, whereas today it occupies the highest ground in the area. The relief has thus been inverted. But, in 1979, P.L. Gibbard mapped younger deposits, known as Dollis Hill Gravel and named after one of the locations where this deposit
3960-448: The valley of the proto-Mole-Wey river moved up that valley, it would have blocked streams flowing down towards that river from higher ground to the west and south. In particular, it would have forced the eastward-flowing Dollis Brook to have turned to the south, alongside the western edge of the ice lobe (and likewise for Folly Brook). And it would have forced northward-flowing drainage coming down from Highgate and Hampstead to have turned to
4026-512: The wards of Alperton, Wembley Central and Kenton. Those who ethnically identify as BAME (Black, Asian and minority Ethnic) was as high as 86% in Wembley Central – one of the highest in London – and most other Brent wards have a majority BAME population. Queen's Park had the lowest BAME proportion, at 37.0%. Brent has the highest proportion of Irish residents in Britain, with 4% of
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#17328688402684092-513: The west, alongside the southern edge of the ice lobe (thus forming Mutton Brook). Fed by meltwater from the adjacent ice sheet, these streams would have cut down quickly along their new routes. And later, when the ice sheet retreated, a substantial thickness of till was left behind where the ice once sat. (For example, in the locality of the Finchley Gap, the ice left glacial deposits which today are up to 18 metres in thickness. ) Consequently, after
4158-718: Was Wembley in 1937. The modern borough takes its name from the River Brent which runs through the borough and separated the former boroughs of Wembley and Willesden. The local authority is Brent Council, which is based at Brent Civic Centre in the Wembley Park area of the borough. Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly , the borough forms part of the Brent and Harrow constituency. The borough includes three parliamentary constituencies: Brent North , Brent Central and Hampstead and Kilburn , which includes part of
4224-422: Was a tributary of the River Thames at a time when the latter river was flowing to the north-west of the Vale of St Albans. That could have been nearly two million years ago. He also suggested that similar gravel, located further north-east near Northaw at a slightly lower altitude, was also deposited by an ancestral Mole-Wey, but at a later date (which could have been around 1.75 million years ago). At those times,
4290-427: Was concluded that the Thames must have been diverted to its more southerly course of today by the ice advance up the Vale of St Albans to Watford. As noted above, the proto-Mole-Wey river was a tributary of the proto-Thames. It flowed northwards from the Weald, then passed through what is today the Brent catchment area (but in the opposite direction to the flow of today's River Brent). As an ice sheet lobe advanced up
4356-467: Was created, covering the two parishes of Kingsbury and Wembley, the latter being created at the same time from areas formerly in the ancient parish of Harrow on the Hill . Kingsbury seceded from the Wembley Urban District in 1900 to become its own urban district, but was reunited with the Wembley Urban District in 1934. Willesden was incorporated to become a municipal borough in 1933, as
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